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Solubility
Solubility
Solubility
SOLUBILITY
PRODUCTS
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
2008
SPECIFICATIONS
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
SOLUBILITY PRODUCTS
INTRODUCTION
This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help students understand
selected topics at AS and A2 level Chemistry. It is based on the requirements of the
AQA and OCR specifications but is suitable for other examination boards.
Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes or it may be
used for classroom teaching if an interactive white board is available.
Accompanying notes on this, and the full range of AS and A2 topics, are available
from the KNOCKHARDY SCIENCE WEBSITE at...
www.knockhardy.org.uk/sci.htm
CONTENTS
• Solubility of ionic compounds
• Saturated solutions
• Solubility products
• Calculations
• Common Ion Effect
SOLUBILITY OF IONIC COMPOUNDS
Complete the equilibrium equation and write an expression for Ksp for…
Complete the equilibrium equation and write an expression for Ksp for…
Complete the equilibrium equation and write an expression for Ksp for…
Complete the equilibrium equation and write an expression for Ksp for…
Units The value of Ksp has units and it varies with temperature
Units The value of Ksp has units and it varies with temperature
Units The value of Ksp has units and it varies with temperature
At 25°C the solubility product of lead(II) sulphide, PbS is 4 x 10-28 mol2 dm-6.
Calculate the solubility of lead(II) sulphide.
CALCULATIONS
At 25°C the solubility product of lead(II) sulphide, PbS is 4 x 10-28 mol2 dm-6.
Calculate the solubility of lead(II) sulphide.
At 25°C the solubility product of lead(II) sulphide, PbS is 4 x 10-28 mol2 dm-6.
Calculate the solubility of lead(II) sulphide.
At 25°C the solubility product of lead(II) sulphide, PbS is 4 x 10-28 mol2 dm-6.
Calculate the solubility of lead(II) sulphide.
At 25°C the solubility product of lead(II) sulphide, PbS is 4 x 10-28 mol2 dm-6.
Calculate the solubility of lead(II) sulphide.
At 25°C the solubility product of lead(II) sulphide, PbS is 4 x 10-28 mol2 dm-6.
Calculate the solubility of lead(II) sulphide.
As you get one Pb2+ from one PbS, the solubility of PbS = 2 x 10-14 mol dm-3
CALCULATIONS
At 25°C the solubility product of lead(II) sulphide, PbS is 4 x 10-28 mol2 dm-6.
Calculate the solubility of lead(II) sulphide.
As you get one Pb2+ from one PbS, the solubility of PbS = 2 x 10-14 mol dm-3
Mr for PbS is 239; the solubility is 239 x 2 x 10-14 g dm-3 = 5.78 x 10-12 g dm-3
[mass = moles x molar mass]
CALCULATIONS
At 25°C the solubility product of lead(II) sulphide, PbS is 4 x 10-28 mol2 dm-6.
Calculate the solubility of lead(II) sulphide.
As you get one Pb2+ from one PbS, the solubility of PbS = 2 x 10-14 mol dm-3
Mr for PbS is 239; the solubility is 239 x 2 x 10-14 g dm-3 = 5.78 x 10-12 g dm-3
[mass = moles x molar mass]
CALCULATIONS
According to
the equation; moles of M+(aq) = moles of Y-(aq) = moles of dissolved MY(s)
CALCULATIONS
According to
the equation; moles of M+(aq) = moles of Y-(aq) = moles of dissolved MY(s)
The value of the solubility product Ksp = 6.25 x 10-24 mol2 dm-6
CALCULATIONS
According to
the equation; moles of M+(aq) = moles of Y-(aq) = moles of dissolved MY(s)
The value of the solubility product Ksp = 6.25 x 10-24 mol2 dm-6
THE COMMON ION EFFECT
Adding a common ion, (one which is present in the solution), will result in the
precipitation of a sparingly soluble ionic compound.
Adding a common ion, (one which is present in the solution), will result in the
precipitation of a sparingly soluble ionic compound.
Adding a common ion, (one which is present in the solution), will result in the
precipitation of a sparingly soluble ionic compound.
Adding the ionic compound MA to a The extra M+ ions means that the
solution of MX increases the solubility product is exceeded. To
concentration of M+(aq). M+(aq) is a reduce the value of [M+(aq)][X-(aq)]
common ion as it is already in solution. below the Ksp, some ions are removed
from solution by precipitating.
THE COMMON ION EFFECT
Adding a common ion, (one which is present in the solution), will result in the
precipitation of a sparingly soluble ionic compound.
Adding a common ion, (one which is present in the solution), will result in the
precipitation of a sparingly soluble ionic compound.
The value can be exceeded by adding EITHER of the two soluble ions.
If sodium chloride solution is added, the concentration of Cl¯(aq) will increase and
precipitation will occur.
Likewise, addition of silver nitrate solution AgNO3(aq) would produce the same
effect as it would increase the concentration of Ag+(aq).
THE COMMON ION EFFECT
If equal volumes of AgNO3 (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3) and NaCl (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3)
solutions are mixed, will AgCl be precipitated? Ksp = 1.2 x10-10 mol2 dm-6
THE COMMON ION EFFECT
If equal volumes of AgNO3 (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3) and NaCl (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3)
solutions are mixed, will AgCl be precipitated? Ksp = 1.2 x10-10 mol2 dm-6
If equal volumes of AgNO3 (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3) and NaCl (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3)
solutions are mixed, will AgCl be precipitated? Ksp = 1.2 x10-10 mol2 dm-6
If equal volumes of AgNO3 (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3) and NaCl (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3)
solutions are mixed, will AgCl be precipitated? Ksp = 1.2 x10-10 mol2 dm-6
• [Ag+] [Cl¯] = [1 x 10-5 mol dm-3] x [1 x 10-5 mol dm-3] = 1 x 10-10 mol2 dm-6
THE COMMON ION EFFECT
If equal volumes of AgNO3 (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3) and NaCl (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3)
solutions are mixed, will AgCl be precipitated? Ksp = 1.2 x10-10 mol2 dm-6
• [Ag+] [Cl¯] = [1 x 10-5 mol dm-3] x [1 x 10-5 mol dm-3] = 1 x 10-10 mol2 dm-6
• because this is lower than the Ksp for AgCl... NO PRECIPITATION OCCURS
THE COMMON ION EFFECT
If equal volumes of AgNO3 (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3) and NaCl (2 x 10-5 mol dm-3)
solutions are mixed, will AgCl be precipitated? Ksp = 1.2 x10-10 mol2 dm-6
• [Ag+] [Cl¯] = [1 x 10-5 mol dm-3] x [1 x 10-5 mol dm-3] = 1 x 10-10 mol2 dm-6
• because this is lower than the Ksp for AgCl... NO PRECIPITATION OCCURS
AN INTRODUCTION TO
SOLUBILITY
PRODUCTS
THE END