LEAD, TITANIUM &

TANTALUM
- PROPERTIES & APPLICATIONS
Contents:
• Lead
• Titanium
• Tantalum

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LEAD
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Introduction:

• Lead is a main-group element with symbol Pb and atomic

number 82.
• Lead is a soft and malleable metal. It is also counted as one
of the heavy metals.
• Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut,
but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to
air.
• Lead has a shiny chrome-silver luster when it is melted into
a liquid.

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 Occurrence:

• Metallic lead does occur in nature, but it is rare.

• The main lead mineral are:

Galena (PbS) [contains 86.6% lead]

Cerussite (PbCO3)

Anglesite (PbSO4)

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 Characteristics:

• It is a dense, ductile, very soft, highly malleable, bluish-

white metal that has poor electrical conductivity

• Lead is bright and silvery when freshly cut but the

surface rapidly tarnishes in air.

• This metal is highly resistant to corrosion, and because

of this property, it is used to contain corrosive liquids
(for example, sulfuric acid).

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 Lead Alloys:
• Molybdochalkos (copper)
• Solder (tin)
• Terne (tin)
• Type metal (tin, antimony)
• Linotype
• Babbit
• 90% tin, 10% copper
• 89% tin, 7% antimony, 4% copper
• 80% lead, 15% antimony, 5% tin
• 76% copper, 24% lead
• 75% lead, 10% tin
• 67% copper, 28% tin, 5% lead

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 Applications:
• In the external coverings of roofing joints
• Lead is used in building construction
• Lead-acid batteries
• Bullets and shots
• Weights
• As part of solders, pewters, fusible alloys
• As radiation shield
• A primer in paints
• Molten lead as coolant
• Organ Pipes
• Ceramic glazes
• Glass
• Plastic pipes
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TITANIUM
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 Introduction:

• Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and

atomic number 22.
• The element occurs within a number of mineral deposits,
Rutile and Ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the
Earth's crust and lithosphere, and it is found in almost all
living things, rocks, water bodies, and soils.

The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores
via the Kroll process or the Hunter process.

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Cont. . .

There are two allotropic forms

and five naturally occurring
isotopes of this element, 46Ti
through 50Ti, with 48Ti being
the most abundant (73.8%)

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 Physical Properties:

• It is a strong metal with low density that is quite ductile

(especially in an oxygen-free environment), lustrous, and
metallic-white in color.
• It has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-
resistant (including sea water, aqua regia and chlorine)
transition metal with a silver color.
• The relatively high melting point (more than 1,650 °C or
3,000 °F) makes it useful as a refractory metal.
• It is fairly hard, paramagnetic and has low electrical and
thermal conductivity.

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 Chemical Properties:

• The most noted chemical property of titanium is its excellent

resistance to corrosion against:

Dilute sulfuric acid

Dil. Hydrochloric acid

Chlorine gas

Chloride solutions

Organic acids
• However, it is soluble in concentrated acids

• It is slow to react with water and air, because it forms a

passive and protective oxide coating that protects it from
further reaction.

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Precautions:

Titanium as a powder or in the form of metal shavings, poses a

significant fire when in contact with:

Chlorine

Water

Liquid Oxygen

 Class D dry powder fire fighting agents must be used

instead of CO2

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TANTALUM
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 Introduction:

• Tantalum is a chemical element with the symbol Ta and

atomic number 73.
• A rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal, tantalum
occurs naturally in the mineral “Tantalite”.
• It is part of the refractory metals group, which are widely
used as minor component in alloys.
• The chemical inertness of tantalum makes it a valuable
substance for laboratory equipment and a substitute for
platinum.

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 Physical Properties:
• Tantalum is dark (blue-gray), dense, ductile, very hard,
easily fabricated, and highly conductive of heat and
electricity.
• The metal is renowned for its resistance to corrosion by
acids,

Exceptions: Hydrofluoric acid, Hot sulfuric acid, Hot alkaline
solutions

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Applications- Electronics:

The major use for tantalum, as the metal powder, is in the

production of electronic components, mainly capacitors
and some high-power resistors.
Because of the size and weight
advantages, tantalum capacitors are
attractive for portable telephones,
personal computers, and automotive
electronics.

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 Applications- Alloys:
• Tantalum is used to produce a variety of alloys that have high
melting points, are strong and have good ductility.

• Alloyed with other metals, it is used in making carbide tools for

metalworking equipment and in the production of superalloys for
jet engine components, chemical process equipment, nuclear
reactors, and missile parts.

• Since it resists attack by body fluids and is nonirritating, tantalum

is widely used in making surgical instruments and implants.

For example, porous tantalum coatings are used in the
construction of orthopedic implants due to tantalum's ability
to form a direct bond to hard tissue.
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 Cont. . .

• Tantalum is an ideal metal for chemical reaction vessels

and pipes for corrosive liquids.

• Heat exchanging coils for the steam heating of hydrochloric

acid are made from tantalum.

• Tantalum is capable of capturing oxygen and nitrogen by

forming nitrides and oxides and therefore helps to sustain
the high vacuum needed for the tubes.

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THANK YOU

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