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O CO O CO O CO: Chapter 15: Respiratory System
O CO O CO O CO: Chapter 15: Respiratory System
O CO O CO O CO: Chapter 15: Respiratory System
Functions
1. Respiration
2. Regulation of blood pH
3. Voice production
4. Olfaction
5. Innate immunity
External nose
composed mainly of hyaline cartilage
Nasal cavity
extends from nares (nostrils) to choana
choana: opening to pharynx
hard palate Is its roof
Nose
Paranasal sinuses
air filled spaces within bone
open into nasal cavity
lined with mucous
Conchae
on each side of nasal cavity
increase surface area of nasal cavity
help in cleaning, humidifying, warming of air
Nasolacrimal ducts
carry tears from eyes
open into nasal cavity
Functions of Nose
1. Filters
2. Airway for respiration
3. Involved in speech
4. Olfactory receptors
5. Warms air Larynx
6. Sneezing dislodges materials from nose located in the anterior throat and extends from the
base of the tongue to the trachea
Pharynx consists of cartilages
a common passageway for the respiratory and digestive
systems Thyroid cartilage
the largest piece of cartilage
Nasopharynx
takes in air Epiglottis
piece of cartilage
Oropharynx flap that prevents swallowed materials from
extends from vulva to epiglottis entering larynx
Precious Faith Rodriguez
CHAPTER 15: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Vocal folds/cords
source of voice production Pleural Membranes and Cavities
air moves past them, they vibrate, and sound is
produced
force of air determines loudness
tension determines pitch
Laryngitis
inflammation of vocal folds
caused by overuse, dry air, infection
Trachea
consists of 16 to 20 C-shaped pieces of cartilage
contains cilia pseudostratified columnar epi
smoking kills cilia
coughing dislodges materials from trachea
divides into right and left primary bronchi (lungs)
Bronchi
divide from trachea Pleura
connect to lungs double-layered membrane around lungs
lined with cilia
contain C-shaped pieces of cartilage Parietal pleura
membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
Lungs
Visceral pleura
Membrane that covers lung’s surface
Pleural Cavity
space around each lung
Ventilation (breathing)
a process of moving air in and out of the lungs
uses the diaphragm, which is a skeletal muscle that separates the
thoracic and abdominal cavities
Phases of Ventilation
Inspiration
breath in
uses the diaphragm and the external intercoastal muscle
Expiration
breathe out
uses the diaphragm