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    Engineering Hydrology Solution Manual 3rd Edition K Subramanya PDF

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    Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya Chapter - 1 Qx Lx 24 x 60 x 6 2.5/ 100) x 200 x 10" Q= (3 x 10/8640 7.87 mis 1.2 Period = At= 1 year Input volume = 140 x 10° 120/100 = 168 Mm? Runoft = Output volume =(2 x 3)+( 3x 61+ (5x 3)5 19 x (365/12) x 24 x GO x 6 102.492/168.0 = O61 02.492 = 65.508 Mm* 1 m'¥s. month 102.492 Mm" (i) Runoff coefficient = Abstraction = 168.0 (ii) Due to afforestation Runoff = 0.5 x 188 0 = 84.0 Mm* Abstraction = 168.0 - 84.0 = 84.0 Mm* Increase in abstraction = 84,0 — 65,058 = 18.492 M month = 30 days Pat Tat ‘Output volume = QAr+(G+E+T)A PA+Tar - (GAr+(G+E+T)A]=change in storage = 4S =? x 3438 Mm* 100" 10° Total input volume = 17.5438 Mm* 4 1 1378.10" F+EATPA=(2549.5 440) x SAU c , c ) 100 10° = 1.60 Mm* 137510" 1 Gar =[PA+ TA] AS-(G+E+T)A As = 0.75 (031 Mm* 7,3438+40,1031-1,60 = 16.047 Mm* 16.047 x 10" Constant rate af withdrawal = @=— °°" _ 6 ot ms 30424460460 La 7Ar-@ar=as=s,—-s TAr = 14.2 «3 x 60 x 60 = 153.360 m* DAL = 10.6 x 3 x 60 x 60 = 114,480 mr Sx S)= 38,880 m* Sha.m= 193,880 m’ = 19.338 ham ial” “Additonal resource material supped with the book Engineering itd Ecition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pvt. Lig, This rasaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya “copy Hy ty) P= EAP /SA.= annual average precipitation 7 ¥ 1030) + (3.0 x 830) + (8.2 * 900) + (17.0 x 1300) - 900) 17.0 +1309) _ 1195 (10,7 +3.0+8.2+17.0) 105mm (ii) Annual average evaporation E = EA, E, /A, = {10.7 530) + (3.0438) +(8.2 430) +(17.0%600) _ 539 4 mam (10.7 + 3.0+8.2 +17.0) (ii) Runoff coe fivients of sub-areas For the ent Area_| Runoff coefficient 1030 - 530)'1030 = 0.485 830 ~ 438)/830 = 0.472 B ti D tire eatehmer From Table 1.1 (Text book): (i) Atmospheric moisture 1, = 12,900 (458,000 + 119,000) = 0.022 years 2 days: (i) Global groundwater 1, = 10,530,000/220 = 4787 years Gi) Global ocean water 1, = 1,338,000,000/47,000 = 28468 years “Addiional resaurce material supplied with the book Engineering logy, Third Edition writen by Er. K. Subsamanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Lid, This resource material is for Instructor's use nly.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya Chapter - 2 21 For the given data o, , = 22.545, P = 130.43 and C, = 17.286 fe (17.286) From Eq.(2.3) N=(&+) =[ 12286 Le \ 50 J ‘Minimum number of additional stations = 12-7 = 5 = 1195 say 12 92 , 68, 102) 102 76 113} 12.86 em. A-double mass curve plot of EP, vs EPay is prepared (Fig. P 2.3), The calculations are shown in Table p-2.3. Itis seen from Fig, P -2.3 that there is a change in regime im the year 1985, The correction ratio is the ratio of the two slopes = Mu, = 0.9496/1.1796 = 0.805. The adjusted values of station A are shown in Col. 6 of Table p-2.3. Table p-2.3 Double Mass Curve z 1 2 4 3 6 7 Adjusted Finalised values of Year | Pay Pa EPA falues of P,(at Post A 1955 regime) vast [155 1950 |__181 i343 [147 2525 | 135 135 i94[ eri | __158 158 te2[ Peet | 130 130 “Copyrighted Waterial” “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Thiid Edition writen by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pvt. Lig, This rasaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya BEG EG 5 Cumulative P x 5 goss |__ 143 143 Fig.p-23 Problem 23 1500 Cumulative Prrape 2008 3800 CoLG [for values before 1955} = (Values of Col, 4) x 0.805 Col.7 = Finalized values of F,, for all years corresponding to the current (post 1953) regime. The values have been rounded off to the nearest cm. ‘The mean annual precipitation of station A = 3165/22 = 143.9 em 24 Table p-2.4 ‘Cumulative | Rainfall ‘Time | incremental | Rainfall intensity (rsin)_| epi fem) | dem) {emi 0 0 178 175 3.50 60 225 4.00 4.50 “Copyrighted Waterial” “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Thi Edition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Ltd. This rasource material is for Instructor's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya Chapter - 1 Qx Lx 24 x 60 x 6 2.5/ 100) x 200 x 10" Q= (3 x 10/8640 7.87 mis 1.2 Period = At= 1 year Input volume = 140 x 10° 120/100 = 168 Mm? Runoft = Output volume =(2 x 3)+( 3x 61+ (5x 3)5 19 x (365/12) x 24 x GO x 6 102.492/168.0 = O61 02.492 = 65.508 Mm* 1 m'¥s. month 102.492 Mm" (i) Runoff coefficient = Abstraction = 168.0 (ii) Due to afforestation Runoff = 0.5 x 188 0 = 84.0 Mm* Abstraction = 168.0 - 84.0 = 84.0 Mm* Increase in abstraction = 84,0 — 65,058 = 18.492 M month = 30 days Pat Tat ‘Output volume = QAr+(G+E+T)A PA+Tar - (GAr+(G+E+T)A]=change in storage = 4S =? x 3438 Mm* 100" 10° Total input volume = 17.5438 Mm* 4 1 1378.10" F+EATPA=(2549.5 440) x SAU c , c ) 100 10° = 1.60 Mm* 137510" 1 Gar =[PA+ TA] AS-(G+E+T)A As = 0.75 (031 Mm* 7,3438+40,1031-1,60 = 16.047 Mm* 16.047 x 10" Constant rate af withdrawal = @=— °°" _ 6 ot ms 30424460460 La 7Ar-@ar=as=s,—-s TAr = 14.2 «3 x 60 x 60 = 153.360 m* DAL = 10.6 x 3 x 60 x 60 = 114,480 mr Sx S)= 38,880 m* Sha.m= 193,880 m’ = 19.338 ham ial” “Additonal resource material supped with the book Engineering itd Ecition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pvt. Lig, This rasaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya “copy Hy ty) P= EAP /SA.= annual average precipitation 7 ¥ 1030) + (3.0 x 830) + (8.2 * 900) + (17.0 x 1300) - 900) 17.0 +1309) _ 1195 (10,7 +3.0+8.2+17.0) 105mm (ii) Annual average evaporation E = EA, E, /A, = {10.7 530) + (3.0438) +(8.2 430) +(17.0%600) _ 539 4 mam (10.7 + 3.0+8.2 +17.0) (ii) Runoff coe fivients of sub-areas For the ent Area_| Runoff coefficient 1030 - 530)'1030 = 0.485 830 ~ 438)/830 = 0.472 B ti D tire eatehmer From Table 1.1 (Text book): (i) Atmospheric moisture 1, = 12,900 (458,000 + 119,000) = 0.022 years 2 days: (i) Global groundwater 1, = 10,530,000/220 = 4787 years Gi) Global ocean water 1, = 1,338,000,000/47,000 = 28468 years “Addiional resaurce material supplied with the book Engineering logy, Third Edition writen by Er. K. Subsamanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Lid, This resource material is for Instructor's use nly.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya Chapter - 2 21 For the given data o, , = 22.545, P = 130.43 and C, = 17.286 fe (17.286) From Eq.(2.3) N=(&+) =[ 12286 Le \ 50 J ‘Minimum number of additional stations = 12-7 = 5 = 1195 say 12 92 , 68, 102) 102 76 113} 12.86 em. A-double mass curve plot of EP, vs EPay is prepared (Fig. P 2.3), The calculations are shown in Table p-2.3. Itis seen from Fig, P -2.3 that there is a change in regime im the year 1985, The correction ratio is the ratio of the two slopes = Mu, = 0.9496/1.1796 = 0.805. The adjusted values of station A are shown in Col. 6 of Table p-2.3. Table p-2.3 Double Mass Curve z 1 2 4 3 6 7 Adjusted Finalised values of Year | Pay Pa EPA falues of P,(at Post A 1955 regime) vast [155 1950 |__181 i343 [147 2525 | 135 135 i94[ eri | __158 158 te2[ Peet | 130 130 “Copyrighted Waterial” “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Thiid Edition writen by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pvt. Lig, This rasaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya BEG EG 5 Cumulative P x 5 goss |__ 143 143 Fig.p-23 Problem 23 1500 Cumulative Prrape 2008 3800 CoLG [for values before 1955} = (Values of Col, 4) x 0.805 Col.7 = Finalized values of F,, for all years corresponding to the current (post 1953) regime. The values have been rounded off to the nearest cm. ‘The mean annual precipitation of station A = 3165/22 = 143.9 em 24 Table p-2.4 ‘Cumulative | Rainfall ‘Time | incremental | Rainfall intensity (rsin)_| epi fem) | dem) {emi 0 0 178 175 3.50 60 225 4.00 4.50 “Copyrighted Waterial” “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Thi Edition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Ltd. This rasource material is for Instructor's use only.” Solution Manual to Eng Rainfall Intensity jeering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya Fig. p-2.4(a) Hyetograph of Storm 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 (omih) 30 60 «90 «120 «150180210 Time (min) Fig. p-2.4{b} Mass curve of rain g 5 a S e 5 w ‘Cumulative Rainfall Depth fem) 2 & 0 50 100 «150200250 Time (enin) ‘Average intensity = 19.25 x 60/210 = 8.5 emvh “Copyrighted Waterial” “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Thi Edition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pvt. Lig, This rasaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya s ra? W o4 25 x = ——_ 4 1000 998 x 9.81 4000 «0.1 P= =0,0013 Tx 10998981 = 0.03606 m = 36.06 mm 2.60 Average rainfall = 546.7 mm Incipient drought condition = 75% of Normal rainfall = 0.75 x 546.7 = 410.0 mm. ‘Years 1964, 1971, 1972, 1976 and 1980 were drought years. ‘Annual Rainfall at Station A ‘Annual Rainfall (em) veer Fig.p-26 Rainfall at Station A 27 P= con PTS yg HPF), «a9 OOH, 600 2 2 z (6+3) G+, PUTS 4S | = ( M600)[ 1242 + 1344 + 900 + 787.54 170] I “Additional resource material supped with the book Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition written by Or. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Lid, This resource material is for Instructor's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya = T4lom 2.8 ‘The catchment is drawn to scale.(Pig. P -2.8) and using the given data. Isohyetals of value 130, 110, 90 and 70 cm are drawn and inter-isohyetal area determined. pp, = L9-5 150) + (36% LD) + (25 120) + (21 x 10D) + (9 >< 80)] “ [9.5+36+25+21+9] = 135 em Fig, P+ 2,8 Catchment with Isohyetals 2.9 (a {Computation in Table ~2.9a)} Schematic Thiessen polygons and isohyelals are shown in Fig, P—2.9(a) and (b) respectively. “Copyrighted Waterial” “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition writlen by Or. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya My Fig. P - 2.9(a) Thiessen Polygons Fig. P-2.9¢a) ‘Table p-2.%ay Thiessen area (Ai) Pa 5 S34 Bt 313 16 131 oF 422 128 1396 105 1071 50 660 48 72 46 S38 83 930 Som= 583 Ea6187 29 (bi fed Material” "Additional resnurce material supplied wih the book Engineering ogy, Thitd Edition written by Br. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” “copy Hy Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya iy Fig, P- 2.9(b)_Isohyetals Table p-2.9(b) Tater ‘Average Isohyetal | precipitation | PaAy area {Ai} (Pb 8 14.0) na 7 13.5 770 85 125 | 1063 290 11.5 3335 308 10.5 324 90 95 $55, oo 85 S10 22 75 165 22 60 132 Sum= 942 E=10176 Poy= 10176/942 = 10.80.em (©) Arithmetic mean = (10.2 + 12+ 13.24 140+ 10.9+11.7+63\7 = 107 em 2.10 Station | _P x ¥ Pw A 102 2 1 20.40 B 120 2 2 15.00) Cc 126 3 1 12.60) D 108 15. 1 3.25 | 0.308 33.23 “Copy “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition writlen by Gr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Lid, This resource material is for Instructor's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya E BI 45 15 0.044 582 0.777 87.05 2a ig from the stonm central area the area between (wo successive isohyets is ied by the average value of the bounding isohyets to get incremental me af rainfall. The calculations are shown in Table p-2.11, ‘The average depth is calculated by dividing the accumulated volume by the area enclosed by the outer isohyetal. The average depth is plotted against the area in Fig, P -2.11. ‘Table p-2.11_ Area ~ Average depth data Total Net incre. | Total _| Average Isohyetal | , ae | imere- — mental | volume of | depth of (enim) (ki?) mental (mm) volume rain . rainfall area ¢1000° | (1000m") | (mm m’) 2 543 S43 21.5* 116745, 1674.5 215 2 | IMs | 802, 205 | M10 | 281153 | 209 19 2030 685 19.5 133575, 41473.0 204 18 | 2643) 515185 510005 | 200 17 2955 410 V5 S8175.5, 1s | 3280 | 325) 16.5 635380 15 S| 255) 155 674905 i4_| ano | _175_| 145 70028.0 13 | 3880] 170) 13.5 723240 2 [391s 35) 12s 721605 #2 This value is assumed. (i) By interpolation in Fig, P-2.11 the average depth of precip area of 2400 km* is 20.1 mm_ “Copyrighted Material” “Accttoral resaurce material supplied with the Doak Enginoering Hydrology, Thid Edtion wrilen by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Lid, This resource material is for Instructor's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya Depth - Area curve & & i 20.0 & 5 ‘Average Depth of raintall (mm) o 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 ‘Area (ke?) Fig. P-211 Area ~ Average Depth Relationship (ii) By assuming the storm centre w have an area of 25 km? the depth at the storm centre is 22.0 mim. “Copyrighted Waterial” “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Thitd Edition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Indis) Pvt.Ltd. This rasource material is for Instruator's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya 2.12 Table p-2.12(a) shows the calculations for constructing the hyclograph of the storm, Time — | Accumulated | Incremental | Intensity (nin) rainfall (mm) amount — of | (mm/h) rainfall (mm) 0 a 10 19 19 ia 20 40 22. 132 30 a8 T 42 40 68 20 120) 50) o 33 138 ‘0 134 33 198) 0 152 28 168 80 160, 8 48. 30) 166 6 36, ‘The hyclograph is shown in Fig.p-2.12(a) Hyetagraph af Storm of Problems 2.12 ‘Time (mine) Fig. P -2.12 (a) Hyetograph af the Storm 2.12(bi Various durations At = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 minutes are chosen, For each durations the depth af rainfall in the storm at this interval is calculated, (Table p-2.12(b-i)).For each duration the maximurti value is noted (shown by Bold type} and assembled to calculate the corresponding maximum intensity, [ Table p- “Copyrighted Material” “Adctional resource material supped with the book Engineering Hydrology, Thitd Edition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) PVA. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetars use only." jeering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya 2.12{h-ii)). The plot of Maximum intensity in mméh vs Duration in minutes is shown in Fig. P-2.12(bi, Table p-2.1%b-1) Calculation of Maximum Depth Time since Start ‘At=20 bi=40 At-70 (rnin) ‘in nin in 1 | 20 a | 20 2 | «8 1 40 | | 68 | 50 4g 50 Te ano 60 56 | 76 | 83 | 108 | waa 70 er | ea | ina | iit | aga | 152 a0 36] 69 7 se 7 na | iis | ia | 160 20 14) 42) 7 | 96 | sta) 125 | ta? | 166 ‘Table p-2.12 (b-ii) Maximum Intensity - Duration Data Duration (miny | 10 | 20 | 3a | 4a | 50 | oo | mm | a0 | 0 ‘Max. Depth ‘im aa | et | se | tog | 112 | 193 | ts2 | ten | 166 Wax. Intensity amin 198.0 | 183.0 | 168.0 | 188.0 | 1344 | 133.0 | 1302 | 120.0 | 1107 fed Material” "Additional resnurce material supplied wih the book Engineering Third Edition wrtlen by Cr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Eng a & 5 ‘Max. Intensity (mmihour} Max. Intensity = Duration 2 9 40 Duration (min) 0 m 0100 Fig. P -2.12(b) Max. Intensity - Duration curve of the Storm jeering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya 2.13 Various durations At = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 minutes are chosen, For each durations the depth af rainfall in the storm at this interval is ealculated, (Fig. P -2.134i)).For each duration the maximum value is noted (shawn by Bold type} and assembled in Table p-2.131ii} to provide data for maximum depth ~ duration curve, The maximum depth ~ duration curve is shown in Fig, P -2.13, ‘Table p-2.1Mi) Time Sor sao |ateao | ate | aso rere | atte | sto (in ren erin | rnin | in min | in| min 10 T zo [7 | is | so | ia | 17) 25 “0 |.s | 1s | 22 | a0 50 6) 2) aa | 46 so | 3 | 25) 30 | 40 | a? | 55 7 | s |) 30 | a5 | 4s | 52 | eo “Copyrighted Material” “Additonal resnurce material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Thitd Edition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya so | 4 o jis | a4 | 99 | 49 | 56 | 66 ao | 3 7) 2 |e | a | 2 | 82 | | oF Table p-2.13 (ii) | Maximum Depth ~ Duration Data Duration tmin) | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 50 | so 70 | 80 | 90 Max. Depth ‘owen we | 25 | 31 | ao a7 | 55 60 | 64 | BF ‘Max Ceptn - Duration Curve 20 70 “0 50 0 Maximum Oepth is) 0 ‘Duration trains) Fig, P -2.13 Maximum Depth — Duration Curve 2.14 Calculations ae shown in Table p-2.14fa). Rainfall intensity is calculated for for the storm at 10 min, intervals and the hyetograph is shown in Fig. P -2.14, ‘Table p-2.14.a) 1° “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Third Edition wrtlen by Cr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya Rainfall ately curt gna time | Raintat |x0 [20 [ao faa foo [ao |r foo foo | tm min) | ferry min__| min nin ri min | min. in| min min Tyo ofc | as ves zo | oa | az | ss bee » 145 62 | i24 | 45 452 40 a 125 | 207 | 24.9 a 75.0 $0 27g 0.9 | 134 | 21.6 | 258 | 279 a4 co | ‘ss | 31 | 's | tos | 207 | soa | sa oe so | ss | at | ze | ot | 208 | 250 | a3 | sss 128 co) 36.2 at 32 a3 92) 207 | 259 | 344 | 362 66 wo | at los lie | «+ [91 | w [aes | aor | aes lor 26 Error! Nota valid link. Fig.p-2.14 — Hyetograph of the storm at 10 mi ime interval Maximum depth corresponding to various durations is picked up from the Table p- 21d(a) and collated in Table p-2.14(b). Corresponding to cach duration the maximum imensity is calculated. ‘The variations of the Maximum intensity with Duration and of Maximum depth with Duration are shown in Fig. P-2.14(b). Maximum imensity | 780) 621] 498) 408) a71| a0] a01| 272) 247 |(eunin) Duration (Min) Maximum Depth | 125] 207] 249| 27| ao9| 93| 351| a2) a7 (rum) to] 20} ao) 40) s0| 60/ zo] ao] 90 “Copyrighted Waterial” “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Thitd Edition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Eng jeering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya Y= -28.616L n(x) + 130.12 FP =0.9932 sl a Rees B86 Maximum Intensiy (mm/h) Maximum Depth (mm) 8 y= 4526 AY 50.9734 ed 0 20 40 6a 80 400 Duration (min) Fig. P-2.14 (b) Variation of Maximum Depth with Duration and of Maximum Intensity with Duration. 2.15 ‘The data are arranged in descending order and the recurrence imervals of various events are calculated in Table p-2.15. Table p-2.15 amy | Rainfall |TaiNetyim |, Rainfall | T=(Net}im fem) | (fears) (om) | (Yearsy ni 122.80 | 6.00 14 85.10 7.86 2 | iia.00 | 13.00 15 84.00 479 3 | ios. [867 16 82.50 1.6 4 | 1ne.20 | 6.50 17 81.00 1.53) 5 gogo | 6.20 18 77.30 1.44 6 94.50 19 76.00 a7 7 94.50 | 3.71 20 74.40 1.30 a se70 | 3.25 21 71.30 4.34 2 gi.00 | 2.63 22 63.40 4.18 wo | s070 | 260 23 68.60 4.19) 1 | -arso | 236 24 88.80 1.08 va [aro [217 25 28.00 3.04 13 | a5.30 | 2.00 Fig. P -2.15 shows the plot of T in logarithmic scale and P on arithmetic seale. By extrapolation of the curve Ts» = 132.80 em and Tyso= 143.0 cm. 1° “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Thitd Edition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Rainfall (mm) i 10 i00 T (Years) Fig, P-2.15 Frequency of Rainfall magnitude 2.16 The data are arranged in descending order and the recurrence intervals of various events are calculated in Table p-2.16, The exceedance probability p= l/T (in percent}is also calculated for each event, ‘Table p-2.16 Exceedance 7 | Exceedance Rainfall | T=|Nlet}im | probatiltyin | | Raina | iy yin | Probabilty 9 tom) | (Years) | percent. (p= tem) | years)” | Percent B= [rottNet) 100 [oviNat}jxt90 1120 [27.00 476 itso 2 | 115 | 1050 952 12 | 90 175 Sta 3 403 7.00 14.29 43 69 4.62 61.90 4 106 5.25 19.05 ia 8a 3.50 66.67 5 12 420 23.61 45 84 6 104 3.50 28.57 16 84 1.31 TeA9 7 | 95 7 [a0 1.28 20.95 8 | 35 288 38.10 13 | 76 117 2571 3 32 43 70 4.14 20.48 10 | 92 2.10 47.62 20_| 6a 1.05 35.24 Fig, P -2,16 is a plot of Rainfall P in the arithmetic scale and the recurrence interval mic seale, From this plot (a) at T= L3 years, Pis= 118.0 em and (b) at (e) By observation af the probability p in the table, it seen that Atp= 66.67% Rainfall = 88 em 1° “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering Third Edition wrtlen by Cr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya Atp= 76.19% Rainfall dependable rainfall, ie, the rainfi 84 em, Hence by linear interpolation, 75% corresponding to p=75% is 84.5 em. 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 ap 1 10 100 T (Years) Rainfall (cm) Fig. P-216 Frequency of Rainf 2.17 The calculations are shown in Table p-2.17 ‘Table p-2.17__ Calculation of 3-year Moving Mean ayer S-year Annual | Moving Annual | Moving Rainfall | Mean Rainfall | Mean Year | tem jem) | Year (em (em) 1950 | 113.0 1983 | 888 | 79.1 iept_| saa | saa | ieee | p25 | 608 is2_| 760 | 859 | 1365 | oor | 1.0 153 | 75 | a54 | 1s66 | 998 | 83 vasa | sa? | 338 | ise7 | 74a | B09 155 | 713 | 804 | 1968 | 886 | 69.9 195s | 73 | 779 | 1989 | 65.0 | 74.9 ves? [esi | 95.1 | taro | ero | ere vss | 1228 | 924 | 1971 | 1088 | 100.0 159 | 634 | s11 | 1s72 | 1022 | 987 yoo | 10 | s16 | tera | aro | sia ier | oa | sz | tere | 64.0 rss2 | 953 | 603 Fig. P -2.17 isa plot of the above 3-year and S-year moving means. There appears to be no specific recognizable trend, 5-year moving mean smoothens the dala much more than the 3-year moving mean fed Material” "Additional resnurce material supplied wih the book Engineering Third Edition wrtlen by Cr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya a 1200 E —*2-yr Moving Mean 3 —=-5:yr Moving Mean 3 _ 1000 2 2 5 2 3" 800 é i 3 60.0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 Year Fig. P-2.17 3-year & S-year Moving Means 218 4a) p= M50 = 0.02 Piw= aX o02\a9sy'= 0467 th) te) mie L- (1-002) 219 01 fa) 1-001)" = 0.605 (b) p= 0.01 2.20 Number of events =4+2+5 = 11 intotal Years of record = 36 + 25 + 48.= 109 The event is equaled ta or exceeded 11 times in 109 years of record, Hence T=(100 + 1yil = 10 years. 2 tax tb) x= 140cm “Copyrighted Material” “Additional resnurce material supplied with the boos Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition written by Or. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Lid, This resource material is for Instructor's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya fe). < 60 em, p= 67] = 0.0845 Wd Material” “Additional resnurce material supped with the book Engineering itd Ecition written by Dr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Eng 32 33 Ba jeering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya Chapter - 3 At 30" the latent heat of vaporization 7 T = 2502 — (2.87 x 30) = 2430 Kg, P density of water at 30° (from Tables} = 996 ke/m* vaporation rate = Rnve L 300 996 % (2430 x 1000) 1.2395 107 L000 5 8644 mmiday = 10.7 mmiday 2395 107 mls By water balance for the pan Pan evaporation = 195 + 45 — 15 — 190 = 38 mm. Lake evaporation =0.7 x 35 = 24.5 mm Area = 50 km? = 50 x 10° m? Before reservoir: Normal runoff = (120/100) 0.4 30 10° = 24 Mm? Alter reservoir: Input in ta the reservoir = 1.20 x $0 = 60 Mm* Loss from the reservoir = 07 x 2.4% 50 = 84 Mm* Net annual supply = - 24 Mm’ (decrease) Net overall change per year = 24 — (-24) = 48 Mm'less water Meyer's formula: £, = K,te, —e, at ‘Take K,.=0.5 and obtain e,, from Table 3.3 ( of Text book. Qe Ry where Rs relative humidity. Also w= 1,15) Thus E, = 0.511 Rove and the calculations are shown in Table p-3.4. Table p-3.4 No.ot | & Uy E Moninty Mont gays | rm) | | gam) ckmin) | (mmiday) | E¥*poraton gan | 31 | toe7 | oss | 40) 456 107 33.1 Feb | 20 | 1349 | os2 | 5.0| .20 1.88 47.0 Mar | 31 | 1828 | 071 | 6.0) 6.20 3.68 114.0 apr] 30 | 267s) 04a | s0) 6.20 ‘0.85 "280.4 May [31 | 3367) 04: | 78) 967| 15.94 494.0 dun | 30 | 38.75 | os2 | 10.0) 12.40 16.51 455.2 Jul} 3 32.82 | 0.78 a0] 9.92 5.85. 181.3 ‘ug | 31 | 2900 | 08s | 55| 6.2 2.90 89.7 Sep | 30 | 2834 | 082 | 50) 6.20 3.54 100.2 oo | a1 | ze1i1 | os | 40) +96 3.62 112.2 Now | 30 | tea? | 077 a6) 4.86 241 722 “addivonal résaurce material suppsed with the book Engineering Third Edition wrtlen by Cr. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Lid, This resource material is for Instructor's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya Ldec | a1 | t17e | o7s | 40) 496 2.08 | 645 Total = 2098.7 2008.2/12 = 174.9 mmfmonih Mean monthly evaporatis ‘3.5(a) By Penman's formula From Table 3.3 (of Text Book) A = 2.18, ¢, = 38.75 mm of Hg From Table 3.4 (of Text Book) #, = 16.36 mm of water/day From Table 3.5 (af Text Book) N= 13. 94 hrs, néN' = 0.646 From given data: e, = 38.75 x 0.52 = 20.15 mm of He 129 cos 28" = 0.256; b= 0.5250 = 2.01 x10" mmiday ; = 0.05 and aT," = 17.7385. 050.256 + 0.52 « 0.646) = 17,7385(0,56-~ 0.092 20,15) (0,10 + 0.9 0.646) = 7.39 mm of water per day From Eg.(3.18) £, = 0.35(+ estas 75~20.15) = 16.275 From Eq, (3.13) r=0.49 (2.18 7.39) + (16.275 x 0.49) PET = lake evaporation = = 9.02. mmiday 218+ 049 Evaporation in June = 9.02 » 30 = 270.6 mm = 27.1 em 35(b) By Thornthwaite equation (Eq. 3.17h From Table 3.8 (of Text Book) La = 1.168 ; By Data 7 =33.5°C Heat Index i | Heat Index | Heat Index i iy = 4.008 i= 15837 | y= 13.922 ie= 17811 w= 10.618 ir= 15.529 [y= 7.487 is= 14316 fy = 4.600 1151986 - 1.3245 + 2.34876 + 0.49239 = 3,036 By Eq, (3.17) By = 1.6 « 1.168 x (12293500 2 32.28 em 131.009 36 Inflow 0x 60 60 se 24 x 30 = 25,92 Men? ‘Out flow 5.x 60 x 60 x 24 x 30 = 38.88 Mm Rainfall volume = (10/100) x 20 x (1000)" = 2.00 Mm’ Seepage 1.87100) x 20 x (1000)? = 0.36 Mrn* ‘Change in volume =(25.92 + 2,00 — 38,88 - 0,36) =~ 11.32 Mm* Ma “Additional resource material supplied with the book Engineering bird Edition written by Br. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Lid. This resource material is for Instructor's use only.” Solution Manual to Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Or. K. Subramanya Actual change =~ 16,00 Mm* Hence evaporation = 16.00 = 11.32 =4.68 Mm? = — 68.19" 100 20 10° =23.4em BI Unit | Month | TF PATyIOO OS [June (49.5 2.1483 1 [duly 149.2 1 [Aug 148.6 42574 1 [Sept 48.1 3.9751 05 [Oct [47.6 19778 16.7541 Take K = 1.10, By Blaney —Criddle formula (Eq. 3.16) y= 2.54 x 1,10 16.7541 = 46.81 em 3.8 Thomthwaite formula (Eq.3.17); Month | i | 7 | 4 | Ertem) Jan [9.75 [22.5 [0.99 [8.02 Feb [11.09 [2450.91 [9.63 March | 12.85 [27.0 | 1.03_[ 14.80 April_| 13.56 | 28.0 | 1.035 | 16.88 May [12.85 [27.0 [1.09 [15.66 June | 11.44 [25.0 | 107 | 12.07 July [10.41 [23.5 [1.10 [10.21 Aus 10.75 | 24.0 | 1.075 | 10.67 Sept [10,75 [24.0 [1.02 [10.12 Get [11.09 [24.5] 1.015 | 10.75 Nov | 10.08 | 23.0 [0.96 | 8.33 Bee [975 [225 [0.98 | 7.94 13437 376 - 1.39206 + 2.4079 + 0.49239 = 3.1458 (This value is used in Eg. $17 to calculate Ey in Col, 5 of the above Table) 134.88 em = Annual PET “copy “Addiional resaurce material supplied with the book Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition writlen by Or. K, Subramanya & published by McGraw-Hill Education (Inia) Pv. Lig, This resaurce materials for Insiruetar's use only.” Solution Manual to Eng jeering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya Mean monthly PET = 134.88/12 = 11.25 em 3.9 Here E,=6.0 mm and MASW (I-p) MASW = (1-0.2)c120 = 96.0 and E, = 0.65 6.0 = Day 1 AASW = 120 mm > (Lp) MASW Hence potential condition exists and E, = E, = 3.9 mm/day This rate will continue Lill a depletion af (120-96) = 24 mm takes place in the soil. This will take 24/3.9 = 6.15 days. Thus on Day? the actual evapo- transpiration E, = Ey = 3.9 mm and Day 7 also will have E, = E, = 3.9 mm/day Day 8: At the beginning of Day 8, AASW= (120-3.9x7) = 92.7 mm Since ASW

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