Determining a SAR ADC’s

Linear Range when using

Operational Amplifiers
TIPL 4101
TI Precision Labs – ADCs

Created by Art Kay & Dale Li

Presented by Peggy Liska

1
Single Ended Input: ADC Input Range Considerations
PARAMETER ADS7042 TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT
ANALOG INPUT
Full-scale input voltage span 0 AVDD
AINP to GND 0 AVDD+0.1
Absolute Input voltage range V
AINM to GND -0.1 +0.1

Absolute Maximum Ratings

ADS7042 MIN MAX UNIT A b s o lu t e
AVDD to GND -0.3 3.9 V -0 .3 < M a x A D C < 3 .6 V 3 .3 V 1 .8 V
3 .3 V In p u t R a n g e
DVDD to GND -0.3 3.9 V AVD D D VD D
AINP to GND -0.3 AVDD + 0.3 V - + R 1 25? V re f
-0.3 +0.3 A IN _ P
AINM to GND V +
O PA 320
A D S7042

+
C1
1 .5 n F F u ll
0 .0 < S c a le < 3 .3 V
R ange

AVDD+0.3 = 3.3V + 0.3V = 3.6V A IN _ M

AG N D D G N D

2
 Single Ended Input: OPA320 Linear Range
PARAMETER OPA320 TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT
INPUT VOLTAGE
Common-mode voltage range Vcm (V-) - 0.1 (V+)+0.1 V
OUTPUT
RL = 10kΩ 10 20
Voltage swing from both rails VO mV
RL = 2kΩ 25 35
OPEN-LOOP GAIN
0.1 < Vo < (V+)-0.1V, RL = 10kΩ 114 132
Open-loop gain AOL dB
0.2 < Vo < (V+)-0.2V, RL = 2kΩ 108 123

Absolute
Amplifier Input Range -0.1V < Vcm < 3.4V 3.3V -0.3 < Max ADC < 3.6V
Input Range
Amplifier Output Range 0.02 < VO < 3.28V -+ R1 25?
AIN_P
+
Amplifier Linear Range 0.1 < VO < 3.2V OPA320 Full

+
C1
0.0 < Scale < 3.3V
1.5nF
Worst Case Range 0.1 < VO < 3.2V Range
Amp
Worst
0.1 < < 3.2V
Case AIN_M
Range

3
Single Ended Input: Extending the Op Amp Range
Low Noise Negative Bias
Absolute
Generator 3.5V -0.3 < Max ADC < 3.6V
• Regulated Output Voltage −0.232 V
• Output Voltage Tolerance 5% Input Range
• Output Voltage Ripple 4 mVPP
• Maximum Output Current 26 mA
-+ R1 25Ω
AIN_P
5uF +
OPA320 Full

+
C1
0.0 < Scale < 3.3V
CF+ CF+ -0.2V 1.5nF
5V Vdd -0.232V Range
Vout

SD LM7705 22uF Amp

Cres -0.1 < Worst < 3.4V
Case AIN_M
22uF Vss Vss
Range

(V-)+0.1 (V+) -0.1V

4
 Single Ended Input: OPA625
PARAMETER OPA320 TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT
INPUT VOLTAGE
Common-mode voltage range Vcm (V-) (V+) - 1.15 V
OUTPUT
RL = 10kΩ 20 35
Voltage swing from both rails VO mV
RL = 600Ω 60 80
OPEN-LOOP GAIN
0.15 < Vo < (V+) - 0.15V, RL = 10kΩ 110 132
Open-loop gain AOL dB
0.2 < Vo < (V+) - 0.2V, RL = 600Ω 106 128

Absolute
Amplifier input range 0.0V < Vcm < 2.15V 3.3V -0.3 < Max ADC < 3.6V
Input Range
Amplifier output range 0.035 < VO < 3.265V -+ R1 25?
AIN_P
+
Amplifier Linear Range 0.15 < VO < 3.15V OPA625 Full

+
C1
0.0 < Scale < 3.3V
1.5nF
Worst Case Range 0.15 < VO < 2.15V Range
Amp
Worst
0.15 < < 2.15V
Case AIN_M
Range

5
 Inverting amplifier: Eliminate Common mode issue
PARAMETER OPA625 TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT
INPUT VOLTAGE
Common-mode voltage range Vcm (V-) (V+) - 1.15 V
OUTPUT
RL = 10kΩ 20 35
Voltage swing from both rails VO mV
RL = 600Ω 60 80
OPEN-LOOP GAIN
0.15 < Vo < (V+) - 0.15V, RL = 10kΩ 110 132
Open-loop gain AOL dB
0.2 < Vo < (V+) - 0.2V, RL = 600Ω 106 128

R1 10kΩ Rf 10kΩ Absolute 3.3V 1.8V

Amplifier input range No Vcm limit -0.3 < Max ADC < 3.6V

+
3.3V Input Range AVDD DVDD
-+ Vref
Amplifier output range 0.035 < VO < 3.265V R1 25Ω
AIN_P
+
Amplifier Linear Range 0.15 < VO < 3.15V OPA625
C1 ADS7042
1.5nF Full
0.0 < Scale < 3.3V
Worst Case Range 0.15 < VO < 3.15V Range

AIN_M
Vcm is constant
AGND DGND

6
Input Crossover Distortion in Rail-to-Rail Inputs
PARAMETER OPA316 TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE

VCM Common mode voltage range TA = -40C to 85C -0.2 (V+)+0.1 V

CMRR Common mode Rejection Vs = 5V, 76 90 dB

-0.1V<Vcm< 3.6V
Vs = 5V, 65 80 dB
-0.1V<Vcm<5.2V

Input vs. Output

6
Crossover
Output with Crossover distortion in
5.0
5 5.5V output signal
distortion
4.0
4 -+ R1 25Ω
Voltage (V)

AIN_P
Input ideal +
3.0
3 OPA316

+
sinusoidal wave C1
2.0 1.5nF
2

1.0
1
Linear
0.0 input AIN_M
0
0.0
0 1.0
1 2.0
2 3.0
3 4.0
4 5.0
5 6.0
6 7.0
7
signal
Time (µs)

7
 Input Cross-Over distortion vs Zero Cross-Over
PARAMETER: MIN TYP MAX UNIT PARAMETER: MIN TYP MAX UNIT
OPA350 – Has Crossover OPA320 – Zero Cross-Over
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE

VCM Common mode voltage range (V-)-0.1 (V+)+0.1 V VCM Common mode voltage range (V-)-0.1 (V+)+0.1 V

CMRR Common mode Rejection 74 90 dB CMRR Common mode Rejection 100 114 dB
-0.1V<Vcm<5.6V -0.1V<Vcm<5.6V

Regulated
+VS Charge Pump +VS
500
Vout = Vcc+1.8V
VIN-

Input Offset Voltage (µ V)

250 No Crossover VIN-
distortion
PMOS Q1 Q2
0 PMOS With
Q1 Q2
Crossover
Q3 Q4 distortion
VIN+ -250

NMOS VIN+
-500 NMOS
-750
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
-VS
Common Mode Voltage (V)
-VS

8
Optimize bypass for internal charge pump op amps

Regulated Short direct connections from

+VS
Charge Pump supply to decoupling
Vout = Vcc+1.8V
VIN-

C2 C1 V+
Q1 Q2
V- +-
10uF 0.1uF Rf
VIN+

R1
-VS

9
THD vs. Input Crossover Distortion
Crossover at
Crossover at 3.8V
3.8V
5.2V Crossover at 3.8V
4.00V
3.75V
VMAX = 2.50V
4.75V Vout
Voutto
Vout to
to 4.00V
3.75V
VMAX = 2.50V
4.75V
-+ ADS8860
ADS8860
ADS8860
VPP = 2V
+
OPA316

+
2.00V
1.75V
VMIN = 0.50V
2.75V Vin 2.00V
1.75V
VMIN = 0.50V
2.75V

Not zero input crossover

THD vs. Vmax

120
Vmax
VmaxVmax
Vmax ==4.00V
==2.5V 4.00V
3.75V Note that SNR
110 THD=99.7dB
THD=
THD=108.5dB71.2dB
THD=104.0dB
SNR
SNR ==85.1dB
83.8dB remained constant
100 SNR
SNR ==85.2dB
85.1dB
as THD degraded.
THD (dB)

90
80
70
60
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Max Input Signal Level (V)

10
Finding standard resistors for unusual gains

http://www.ti.com/tool/analog-engineer-calc

11
Thanks for your time!
Please try the quiz.

12
Quiz: Determining a SAR ADC’s
Linear Range when using
Operational Amplifiers
TIPL 4101
TI Precision Labs – ADCs
Created by Art Kay

1
 Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA 5V

-+ R1 25Ω
1. What is the worst case output range for the +
AIN_P
OPA376

+
amplifier below. C1 1nF

AIN_M

PARAMETER OPA376 TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT

INPUT VOLTAGE
Common-mode voltage range Vcm (V-) - 0.1 (V+)+0.1 V
OUTPUT
RL = 10kΩ 10 20
Voltage swing from both rails VO mV
RL = 2kΩ 20 30
OPEN-LOOP GAIN
50mV < Vo < (V+)-50mV, RL = 10kΩ 120 134
Open-loop gain AOL dB
0.1 < Vo < (V+)-0.1V, RL = 2kΩ 120 126

2
 Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA 5V

-+ R1 25Ω
2. What is the worst case output range for the +
AIN_P
OPA338
amplifier below.

+
C1 1nF

AIN_M

PARAMETER OPA338 TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT

INPUT VOLTAGE
Common-mode voltage range Vcm (V-) - 0.2 (V+)-1.2 V
OUTPUT
RL = 25kΩ 40 125
Voltage swing from both rails VO mV
RL = 5kΩ 150 500
OPEN-LOOP GAIN
125mV < Vo < (V+)-125mV, RL = 25kΩ 100 120
Open-loop gain AOL dB
500mV < Vo < (V+)-500mV, RL = 5kΩ 100 114

3
 Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA
R1 10kΩ Rf 10kΩ

3. What is the worst case output range

+
5.0V
-+ R1 25Ω
for the amplifier below. +
AIN_P
OPA338
C1
1.5nF

AIN_M

PARAMETER OPA338 TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT

INPUT VOLTAGE
Common-mode voltage range Vcm (V-) - 0.2 (V+)-1.2 V
OUTPUT
RL = 25kΩ 40 125
Voltage swing from both rails VO mV
RL = 5kΩ 150 500
OPEN-LOOP GAIN
125mV < Vo < (V+)-125mV, RL = 25kΩ 100 120
Open-loop gain AOL dB
500mV < Vo < (V+)-500mV, RL = 5kΩ 100 114

4
Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA
4. The amplifier shown below ______.
a. Would have poor power supply rejection.
b. Would show crossover distortion if the input
signal is greater than 15Vpk.
c. Would not show crossover distortion.
d. Would have a low input impedance.

+18V

-+
+
OPA192
+

Vin -18V

Figure 13: Offset Voltage vs. Common-Mode Voltage

5
Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA
5. The amplifier shown below ______.
a. Would have poor power supply rejection.
b. Would show crossover distortion if the input
signal is greater than 15Vpk.
c. Would not show crossover distortion.

R1 10kΩ Rf 10kΩ
+

+18V
-+
+
OPA192
-18V Figure 13: Offset Voltage vs. Common-Mode Voltage

6
Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA
6. Which of the following applies to an inverting amplifier topology.
a. Gain error is determined by resistor tolerance.
b. The input impedance is relatively low (10kΩ in this case).
c. The circuit will not have crossover distortion issues.
d. Common mode rejection would be eliminated
e. The output will be loaded by the feedback network (10kΩ in this case).
f. All the statements apply to the inverting topology.
R1 10kΩ Rf 10kΩ
g. None of the statements apply to the inverting topology.

+
+18V
-+
+
OPA192
-18V

7
Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA
7. Select 0.1% and 1% standard value resistors for the circuit below
to set the gain to -0.188.

R1 Rf

+
+18V
-+
+
OPA192
-18V

8
Solutions

9
 Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA 5V

1. What is the worst case output range -+ R1 25Ω

AIN_P
+
for the amplifier below. OPA376

+
C1 1nF
Amplifier input range -0.1V < Vcm < 5.1V
Amplifier output range 0.02 < VO < 4.98V
Amplifier Linear Range 0.05 < VO < 4.95V AIN_M

Worst Case Range 0.05 < VO < 4.95V

PARAMETER OPA376 TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT

INPUT VOLTAGE
Common-mode voltage range Vcm (V-) - 0.1 (V+)+0.1 V
OUTPUT
RL = 10kΩ 10 20
Voltage swing from both rails VO mV
RL = 2kΩ 20 30
OPEN-LOOP GAIN
50mV < Vo < (V+)-50mV, RL = 10kΩ 120 134
Open-loop gain AOL dB
0.1 < Vo < (V+)-0.1V, RL = 2kΩ 120 126

10
 Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA 5V
2. What is the worst case output range for the -+ R1 25Ω
amplifier below. +
AIN_P
OPA338

+
C1 1nF
Amplifier input range -0.2V < Vcm < 3.8V
Amplifier output range 0.02 < VO < 4.875V
Amplifier Linear Range 0.125 < VO < 4.875V AIN_M

Worst Case Range 0.125 < VO < 3.8V

PARAMETER OPA338 TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT

INPUT VOLTAGE
Common-mode voltage range Vcm (V-) - 0.2 (V+)-1.2 V
OUTPUT
RL = 25kΩ 40 125
Voltage swing from both rails VO mV
RL = 5kΩ 150 500
OPEN-LOOP GAIN
125mV < Vo < (V+)-125mV, RL = 25kΩ 100 120
Open-loop gain AOL dB
500mV < Vo < (V+)-500mV, RL = 5kΩ 100 114

11
 Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA
3. What is the worst case output range R1 10kΩ Rf 10kΩ

+
5.0V
for the amplifier below. -+ R1 25Ω
AIN_P
+
Amplifier input range No limit, Vcm = 0V OPA338
C1
1.5nF
Amplifier output range 0.02 < VO < 4.875V
Amplifier Linear Range 0.125 < VO < 4.875V
AIN_M
Worst Case Range 0.125 < VO < 4.875V

PARAMETER OPA338 TEST CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT

INPUT VOLTAGE
Common-mode voltage range Vcm (V-) - 0.2 (V+)-1.2 V
OUTPUT
RL = 25kΩ 40 125
Voltage swing from both rails VO mV
RL = 5kΩ 150 500
OPEN-LOOP GAIN
125mV < Vo < (V+)-125mV, RL = 25kΩ 100 120
Open-loop gain AOL dB
500mV < Vo < (V+)-500mV, RL = 5kΩ 100 114

12
Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA
4. The amplifier shown below ______.
a. Would have poor power supply rejection.
b. Would show crossover distortion if the input
signal is greater than 15Vpk.
c. Would not show crossover distortion.
d. Would have a low input impedance.

+18V

-+
+
OPA192
+

Vin -18V

Figure 13: Offset Voltage vs. Common-Mode Voltage

13
Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA
5. The amplifier shown below ______.
a. Would have poor power supply rejection.
b. Would show crossover distortion if the input
signal is greater than 15Vpk.
c. Would not show crossover distortion.

R1 10kΩ Rf 10kΩ
+

+18V
-+
+
OPA192
-18V Figure 13: Offset Voltage vs. Common-Mode Voltage

14
Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA
6. Which of the following applies to an inverting amplifier topology.
a. Gain error is determined by resistor tolerance.
b. The input impedance is relatively low (10kΩ in this case).
c. The circuit will not have crossover distortion issues.
d. Would have a low input impedance.
e. The output will be loaded by the feedback network (10kΩ in this case).
f. All the statements apply to the inverting topology.
R1 10kΩ Rf 10kΩ
g. None of the statements apply to the inverting topology.

+
+18V
-+
+
OPA192
-18V

15
Quiz: Linear Range ADC + OPA
7. Select 0.1% and 1% standard value resistors for the circuit below to set
the gain to -0.188. Use the “Analog Engineer’s calculator”.
For 0.1%: Rf = 2.67kΩ, R1 = 14.2k Ω (or another power of 10 multiple).
For 1.0%: Rf = 2.21kΩ, R1 = 11.8k Ω (or another power of 10 multiple).

R1 Rf

+
+18V
-+
+
OPA192
-18V

16