Combustion Calculations

Input

Fuel Mixture Ulitmate Analysis

Fuel 1 Fuel 2 Fuel 3 Fuel 4 Dry Basis

Indian Mustard New
MSW Mixture MSW
Coal Stalk Briquette
Contribution (% mass) 100 0 0 0 100 0
Composition % by Wt % by Wt % by Wt % by Wt % by Wt % by Wt
Carbon 19.0 33.19 25.81 42.25 19.00 35.1
Hydrogen 2.5 6.07 4.1 6.09 2.54 4.7
Sulphur 0.1 0.15 0.01 0.07 0.11 0.2
Oxygen 8.7 31.41 27.95 40.37 8.72 16.1
Nitrogen 0.8 0.3 0.14 0.35 0.76 1.4
Moisture 45.8 22.22 27 8.49 45.80 84.6
Ash 23.1 6.67 15 2.38 23.07 42.6
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 184.7

Relative Humidity RH % 60.0

Ambient Temp ta Deg C 30
Assumed Flue Gas Exhaust Temp tf Deg C 250
Altitude h m 200
Excess Air Provided e % 100
CO measured in flue gas CO Vol % Vol % 0.5

Adiabatic Gas Temp (Assumed) Deg C 866

Calculations
Excess air factor 7.13 n 2.00
Psychrometric Chart Working
Air Temp Deg R 546
Altitude ft 656
p atmospheric psia 14.35
Pws at air temp psia 0.6
Pw at air temp psia 0.4
C8 -10440
C9 -11.29
C10 -0.03
C11 1.29E-05
C12 -2.48E-09
C13 6.55
W water to air mass ratio Xm kg/kg air 0.01663

Dry Air composition Wet Air composition (With Excess Air)

 Gas Molar Mass Density Volume Mass Mass Volume
kg/kmol kg/Nm3 % kg % dry air kg kg/kg fuel % wet air Nm3
CO2 44.010 1.977 0.0412 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00
H2O 18.015 0.833 0.02 0.09 1.64 0.01
O2 31.999 1.429 20.946 0.30 23.15 0.30 1.24 22.77 0.33
Ar 39.948 1.784 0.929 0.02 1.28 0.02 0.07 1.26 0.02
N2 28.013 1.250 78.084 0.98 75.51 0.98 4.06 74.27 0.93
Total 100.000 1.29 100.00 1.31 5.47 100.00 1.29

Dry Air Density 1.293 kg/Nm3

Wet Air Density 1.291 kg/Nm3

Combustion Calculations for Wet Air

Combustion Product
Element Molar Mass fraction in fuel O2 required Gas Molar Mass
kg/kmol kg/kg fuel kmol/kg fuel kmol/kmol kmol/kg fuel kg/kmol kmol/kmol kmols/kg fuel
Carbon 12.010 0.190 0.0158 1 0.01582 CO2 44.01 1 0.01582
Hydrogen 2.016 0.025 0.0126 0.5 0.00631 H2O 18.02 1 0.01262
Sulphur 32.070 0.001 0.0000 1 0.00003 SO2 64.07 1 0.00003
Oxygen 31.999 0.087 0.00272 -1 -0.00272 O2 32.00
Argon 39.948 Ar 39.95
Nitrogen 28.013 0.008 0.0003 N2 28.01 0.00027
Moisture 18.015 0.458 0.0254
Total 0.0194 Total 0.0288

Oxygen Required kg/kg fuel 0.62

Combustion Air Reqd (Wet) Stoichiometric Atm kg/kg fuel 2.73 As per book this symbol is fo
Atv Nm3/kg fuel
With Excess Air kg/kg fuel 5.47
Density kg/Nm3 1.29
Flue gas generated Gm kg/kg fuel 6.23
Gv Nm3/kg fuel 5.01
Density rg0 kg/Nm3 1.24

Gross Calorific Value 6.7 Hg kJ/kg 8537

kcal/kg 2039

Net Calorific Value (By Dulong's equation) 6.1 Hn kJ/kg 6780

kcal/kg 1620
Efficiency Calculations by Indirect Method

1. Heat Loss due to dry flue gas

Mass of dry flue gas m kg/kg fuel 5.46

Specific Heat of flue g Cp kcal/kg C 0.29
Temp of flue gas Tf Deg C 250
Ambient Temp Ta Deg C 30
Fuel GCV GCV kcal/kg 2039
Dry Flue Gas Loss L1 % 16.8

2. Heat loss due to hydrogen in fuel

Hydrogen in Fuel H2 kg/kg fuel 0.025

Enthalpy of sup stea hs kcal/kg 711.2
Enthalpy of water hw kcal/kg 30.06
Hydrogen Loss L2 % 7.65

3. Fuel Moisture Loss

Moisture in Fuel M kg/kg fuel 0.458

Fuel Moisture Loss L3 % 15.30

4. Air Moisture Loss

Actual wet air AAS kg/kg fuel 5.47

Humidity factor 0.01663
Enthalpy of water vapour in Air kcal/kg 610.5
Fuel Moisture Loss L4 % 0.45

5. Heat Loss due to CO formation

CO in flue gas Vol % 0.5
Carbon in fuel kg/kg fuel 0.190049
CO2 in flue gas Vol % 7.06
Fuel Moisture Loss L55 % 3.54

6 Surface Heat Loss

 Output

Wet Combustion Air Required kg/kg fuel 5.47

Density kg/Nm3 1.29
Molar Mass (Mol Wt) kg/kMol 29.14 Fuel 1 Fuel 2 Fuel 3 Fuel 4
Indian
Indo Coal Coal BEE Coal Diesel Oil
Flue Gas Generated kg/kg fuel 6.23 0 0 100 0
Density kg/Nm3 1.24 % by Wt % by Wt % by Wt % by Wt
Molar Mass (Mol Wt) kg/kMol 27.73 55.88 33.19 41.65 86.7
3.71 6.07 2.0413 11.5
Flue Gas Composition Mass % Vol % 0.55 0.15 0 0.25
CO2 11.23 7.06 5.4 31.41 14.48
H2O 12.43 18.56 1.5 0.3 1.6
SO2 0.03 0.01 25 22.22 31.6 1
O2 9.98 8.69 8 6.67 8.63 0.5
Ar 1.11 0.77
N2 65.23 64.90 MSW Specifications

GCV kcal/kg 2039

NCV kcal/kg 1620

Ash Generated kg/kg 0.23

Adiabatic Gas Temp Calculated Deg C 866

With Excess Air)

 Volume Molar Vol
% Nm3/Kmol
0.09 22.2569 0.0
1.05 21.629 0.2
25.20 22.3914 8.1
1.74 22.3937 0.7
71.91 22.4049 20.1
100.00 29.1

Combustion Product (With Excess Air)

Molar Vol Molar Mass
kg/kg fuel Nm3/kg fuel Mass % Volume % Nm3/Kmol kg/kmol
0.70 0.35 11.23 7.06 22.257 3.1
0.77 0.93 12.43 18.56 21.629 3.3
0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 21.943 0.0
0.62 0.44 9.98 8.69 22.391 2.8
0.07 0.04 1.11 0.77 22.394 0.3
4.07 3.25 65.23 64.90 22.405 18.2

6.23 5.01 100.0 100.0 27.7

Dry Air required

As per book this symbol is for dry air. Stoic 2.69 kg/kg fuel

With Xs 5.38 kg/kg fuel

Flue Gas Property Calculations

Input

Flue Gas Composition

Volume
% m3 Assumed
CO2 7.06 exhaust
H2O 18.56 Temp
N2 64.90 Properties at Temp Deg C 0 250
O2 8.69 Density r kg/Nm3 1.244 0.649
SO2 0.01 Th. Cond k W/m K 0.023 0.041
Ar 0.77 Viscosity m Pa S 1.55E-05 2.58E-05
Total 100.00 Sp Heat Cp kJ/kg K 1.138 1.196
Mean Sp H Cpm kJ/kg K 1.138 1.164

Mol mass of flue gas kg/kmol 27.79

Properties at Temp Deg C 0 250 866 150 200 250 300

Density of flue gas kg/Nm3 1.244 0.65 0.30 0.80 0.72 0.65 0.59
Thermal Conductivity W/m K 0.0229 0.0415 0.0828 0.0342 0.0378 0.0415 0.0451
Viscosity Pa S 1.55E-05 2.58E-05 4.39E-05 2.20E-05 2.40E-05 2.58E-05 2.76E-05
Specific Heat CapacitykJ/Nm3 K 1.4160 1.4876 1.7192 1.4544 1.4685 1.4876 1.5068
kJ/kg K 1.138 1.196 1.382 1.169 1.181 1.196 1.211
kcal/kg K 0.272 0.286 0.330 0.279 0.282 0.286 0.289
Avg Sp Heat Capacity kJ/Nm3 K 1.4160 1.4478 1.5619 1.4336 1.4407 1.4478 1.4549
kJ/kg K 1.138 1.164 1.256 1.153 1.158 1.164 1.170
kcal/kg K 0.272 0.278 0.300 0.275 0.277 0.278 0.279
 xi M ri z V ni niMi ri.xi
Volume Molar Mass Density Compr factorMolar Vol Concentration
% m3 kg/kmol kg/Nm3 m3/kmol kmol % kmol kg/Nm3
Temp
CO2 7.06 44.01 1.977 0.993 22.26 1.57 7.06 310.9 14.0
H2O 18.56 18.02 0.833 0.965 21.63 4.01 18.05 325.1 15.5
N2 64.90 28.01 1.25 0.9996 22.40 14.54 65.36 1830.8 81.1
O2 8.69 32.00 1.429 0.999 22.39 1.95 8.74 279.8 12.4
SO2 0.01 64.06 2.919 0.979 21.94 0.00 0.01 0.9 0.0
Ar 0.77 39.95 1.784 0.9991 22.39 0.17 0.78 31.0 1.4
Total 100.00 22.25 100.00 2778.56 124.39

Ref : Page 188 of Physical Pr

 Table 3.12 Thermal Conductivity of Pure Gases

Sr No Temp CO2 O2 N2 H2O Ar SO2 Sr No

1 0 0.0145 0.0242 0.0242 0.0159 0.0163 0.0081 1
2 100 0.0223 0.0315 0.0311 0.0248 0.0221 0.0081 2
3 200 0.0301 0.0387 0.0376 0.0328 0.0384 0.0081 3
4 300 0.0379 0.0456 0.0436 0.0434 0.0302 0.0081 4
5 400 0.0456 0.0523 0.0490 0.0548 0.0349 0.0081 5
6 500 0.0543 0.0586 0.0543 0.0692 0.0395 0.0081 6
7 600 0.0605 0.0644 0.0587 0.0802 0.0437 0.0081 7
8 700 0.0672 0.07 0.0628 0.0959 0.0477 0.0081 8
9 800 0.0733 0.0756 0.0666 0.1073 0.0514 0.0081 9
10 900 0.0789 0.0808 0.0704 0.1229 0.0550 0.0081 10
11 1000 0.0835 0.0858 0.0733 0.1372 0.0582 0.0081 11
12 1200 0.0913 0.0951 0.0791 0.1582 0.0647 0.0081 12

Table 3.11 Isobaric Heat Capacity of Pure Gases

Sr No Temp CO2 O2 N2 H2O Ar SO2 Sr No

1 0 1.62 1.31 1.302 1.491 0.926 1.712 1
 2 100 1.821 1.331 1.306 1.516 0.926 1.933 2
3 200 1.972 1.373 1.315 1.553 0.926 2.079 3
4 300 2.114 1.424 1.336 1.599 0.926 2.202 4
5 400 2.219 1.465 1.365 1.654 0.926 2.299 5
6 500 2.303 1.503 1.398 1.708 0.926 2.385 6
7 600 2.374 1.532 1.428 1.758 0.926 2.436 7
8 700 2.428 1.557 1.457 1.817 0.926 2.481 8
9 800 2.483 1.574 1.482 1.876 0.926 2.518 9
10 900 2.52 1.591 1.503 1.93 0.926 2.55 10
11 1000 2.554 1.608 1.524 1.98 0.926 2.581 11
12 1200 2.604 1.633 1.557 2.072 0.926 2.629 12

Table 3.6 Average Isobaric Heat Capacity of Pure Gases

Sr No Temp CO2 O2 N2 H2O Ar SO2 Sr No

1 0 1.62 1.31 1.302 1.491 0.926 1.712 1
2 100 1.721 1.319 1.302 1.503 0.926 1.822 2
3 200 1.809 1.336 1.306 1.52 0.926 1.908 3
4 300 1.884 1.357 1.31 1.541 0.926 1.981 4
5 400 1.955 1.377 1.319 1.562 0.926 2.043 5
6 500 2.018 1.398 1.331 1.587 0.926 2.104 6
7 600 2.068 1.419 1.344 1.612 0.926 2.153 7
8 700 2.119 1.436 1.361 1.637 0.926 2.202 8
9 800 2.16 1.453 1.373 1.662 0.926 2.238 9
10 900 2.198 1.47 1.386 1.687 0.926 2.275 10
11 1000 2.232 1.482 1.398 1.717 0.926 2.312 11
12 1200 2.29 1.503 1.424 1.767 0.926 2.361 12
Output

Assumed
Adiabatic
Temp
866 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
0.298 0.803 0.718 0.649 0.593 0.545 0.505 0.470 0.439 0.413
0.083 0.034 0.038 0.041 0.045 0.049 0.052 0.056 0.060 0.063
4.39E-05 2.20E-05 2.40E-05 2.58E-05 2.76E-05 2.93E-05 3.09E-05 3.25E-05 3.40E-05 3.55E-05
1.382 1.169 1.181 1.196 1.211 1.228 1.245 1.262 1.279 1.294
1.256 1.153 1.158 1.164 1.170 1.177 1.183 1.191 1.199 1.207

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800

0.55 0.50 0.47 0.44 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.32
0.0486 0.0522 0.0560 0.0598 0.0629 0.0659 0.0693 0.0728 0.0757 0.0785
2.93E-05 3.09E-05 3.25E-05 3.40E-05 3.55E-05 3.70E-05 3.83E-05 3.97E-05 4.10E-05 4.23E-05
1.5276 1.5485 1.5697 1.5910 1.6099 1.6288 1.6475 1.6661 1.6831 1.7001
1.228 1.245 1.262 1.279 1.294 1.309 1.324 1.339 1.353 1.367
0.293 0.297 0.301 0.306 0.309 0.313 0.316 0.320 0.323 0.327
1.4635 1.4721 1.4819 1.4916 1.5012 1.5108 1.5217 1.5325 1.5413 1.5500
1.177 1.183 1.191 1.199 1.207 1.215 1.223 1.232 1.239 1.246
0.281 0.283 0.285 0.286 0.288 0.290 0.292 0.294 0.296 0.298
 m0i Cs mti miniMi½ niMi½ mti miniMi½ ni M i ½ mti miniMi½
m x106 @ Temp t @ Temp t
Pa S Deg C Deg C Deg C
0 250 866
13.8 266 13.80 646.8 46.9 24.99 1171.2 46.9 45.10 2113.5
8.66 673 8.66 663.3 76.6 18.16 1390.6 76.6 38.51 2949.4
16.63 112 16.63 5752.5 345.9 26.73 9245.9 345.9 43.60 15081.6
19.19 131 19.19 949.2 49.5 31.43 1554.4 49.5 52.00 2572.3
11.63 416 11.63 1.4 0.1 22.62 2.6 0.1 43.89 5.1
20.93 164 20.93 102.6 4.9 35.29 173.0 4.9 59.80 293.2
8115.7 523.9 13537.8 523.9 23015.1

Ref : Page 188 of Physical Properties of Natural Gases

 li Component Thermal conductivity at temperatures interpola
Temp 0 250 866 150 200 250
CO2 0.0145 0.0340 0.0770 0.0262 0.0301 0.0340
H2O 0.0159 0.0381 0.1176 0.0288 0.0328 0.0381
N2 0.0242 0.0406 0.0691 0.0344 0.0376 0.0406
O2 0.0242 0.0422 0.0790 0.0351 0.0387 0.0422
SO2 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081
Ar 0.0163 0.0343 0.0538 0.0303 0.0384 0.0343

lixi
CO2 0.0010 0.0024 0.0054 0.0019 0.0021 0.0024
H2O 0.0030 0.0071 0.0218 0.0053 0.0061 0.0071
N2 0.0157 0.0263 0.0449 0.0223 0.0244 0.0263
O2 0.0021 0.0037 0.0069 0.0030 0.0034 0.0037
SO2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Ar 0.0001 0.0003 0.0004 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003
Total 0.0219 0.0398 0.0794 0.0328 0.0363 0.0398

li -W/m K 0.0229 0.0415 0.0828 0.0342 0.0378 0.0415

Cpi Component Isobaric Heat Capacity at temperatures interpol

Temp 0 250 866 150 200 250
CO2 1.6200 2.0430 2.5074 1.8965 1.9720 2.0430
 H2O 1.4910 1.5760 1.9116 1.5345 1.5530 1.5760
N2 1.3020 1.3255 1.4959 1.3105 1.3150 1.3255
O2 1.3100 1.3985 1.5852 1.3520 1.3730 1.3985
SO2 1.7120 2.1405 2.5391 2.0060 2.0790 2.1405
Ar 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260

lixi
CO2 0.1144 0.1443 0.1771 0.1339 0.1393 0.1443
H2O 0.2768 0.2925 0.3549 0.2848 0.2883 0.2925
N2 0.8450 0.8603 0.9708 0.8505 0.8534 0.8603
O2 0.1138 0.1215 0.1377 0.1175 0.1193 0.1215
SO2 0.0003 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
Ar 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071
Total 1.3574 1.4261 1.6480 1.3942 1.4077 1.4261

Cpi kJ/m3K 1.4160 1.4876 1.7192 1.4544 1.4685 1.4876

Cpm Component Average Isobaric Heat Capacity at temperatures

Temp 0 250 866 150 200 250
CO2 1.62000 1.84650 2.18508 1.76500 1.80900 1.84650
H2O 1.4910 1.5305 1.6785 1.5115 1.5200 1.5305
N2 1.3020 1.3080 1.3816 1.3040 1.3060 1.3080
O2 1.3100 1.3465 1.4642 1.3275 1.3360 1.3465
SO2 1.7120 1.9445 2.2624 1.8650 1.9080 1.9445
Ar 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260

lixi
CO2 0.1144 0.1304 0.1543 0.1247 0.1278 0.1304
H2O 0.2768 0.2841 0.3116 0.2806 0.2822 0.2841
N2 0.8450 0.8489 0.8967 0.8463 0.8476 0.8489
O2 0.1138 0.1170 0.1272 0.1153 0.1161 0.1170
SO2 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
Ar 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071
Total 1.3574 1.3878 1.4972 1.3743 1.3810 1.3878

Cpi kJ/m3K 1.4160 1.4478 1.5619 1.4336 1.4407 1.4478

 600 650 700 750 800 850
0.389 0.368 0.349 0.332 0.317 0.303
0.066 0.069 0.073 0.076 0.079 0.082
3.70E-05 3.83E-05 3.97E-05 4.10E-05 4.23E-05 4.35E-05
1.309 1.324 1.339 1.353 1.367 1.378
1.215 1.223 1.232 1.239 1.246 1.253

850

0.30
0.0818
4.35E-05
1.7146
1.378
0.329
1.5590
1.253
0.299
 ni M i ½ mti miniMi½ ni M i ½ mti m i ni M i ½ n iM i ½ mti mi n i M i ½ ni M i ½
@ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t
Deg C Deg C Deg C
150 200 250
46.9 20.82 975.6 46.9 22.95 1075.5 46.9 24.99 1171.2 46.9
76.6 14.41 1103.9 76.6 16.30 1248.3 76.6 18.16 1390.6 76.6
345.9 23.08 7982.7 345.9 24.95 8632.1 345.9 26.73 9245.9 345.9
49.5 26.99 1334.8 49.5 29.27 1447.6 49.5 31.43 1554.4 49.5
0.1 18.42 2.1 0.1 20.55 2.4 0.1 22.62 2.6 0.1
4.9 30.05 147.3 4.9 32.74 160.5 4.9 35.29 173.0 4.9
523.9 11546.5 523.9 12566.5 523.9 13537.8 523.9
ity at temperatures interpolated from table
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
0.0379 0.0418 0.0456 0.0500 0.0543 0.0574 0.0605 0.0639 0.0672 0.0703
0.0434 0.0491 0.0548 0.0620 0.0692 0.0747 0.0802 0.0881 0.0959 0.1016
0.0436 0.0463 0.0490 0.0517 0.0543 0.0565 0.0587 0.0608 0.0628 0.0647
0.0456 0.0490 0.0523 0.0555 0.0586 0.0615 0.0644 0.0672 0.0700 0.0728
0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081
0.0302 0.0326 0.0349 0.0372 0.0395 0.0416 0.0437 0.0457 0.0477 0.0496

0.0027 0.0029 0.0032 0.0035 0.0038 0.0041 0.0043 0.0045 0.0047 0.0050
0.0081 0.0091 0.0102 0.0115 0.0128 0.0139 0.0149 0.0163 0.0178 0.0189
0.0283 0.0300 0.0318 0.0335 0.0352 0.0367 0.0381 0.0394 0.0408 0.0420
0.0040 0.0043 0.0045 0.0048 0.0051 0.0053 0.0056 0.0058 0.0061 0.0063
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004
0.0432 0.0466 0.0500 0.0537 0.0573 0.0603 0.0632 0.0665 0.0698 0.0725

0.0451 0.0486 0.0522 0.0560 0.0598 0.0629 0.0659 0.0693 0.0728 0.0757

city at temperatures interpolated from table

300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
2.1140 2.1665 2.2190 2.2610 2.3030 2.3385 2.3740 2.4010 2.4280 2.4555
 1.5990 1.6265 1.6540 1.6810 1.7080 1.7330 1.7580 1.7875 1.8170 1.8465
1.3360 1.3505 1.3650 1.3815 1.3980 1.4130 1.4280 1.4425 1.4570 1.4695
1.4240 1.4445 1.4650 1.4840 1.5030 1.5175 1.5320 1.5445 1.5570 1.5655
2.2020 2.2505 2.2990 2.3420 2.3850 2.4105 2.4360 2.4585 2.4810 2.4995
0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260

0.1493 0.1530 0.1567 0.1597 0.1626 0.1652 0.1677 0.1696 0.1715 0.1734
0.2968 0.3019 0.3070 0.3120 0.3171 0.3217 0.3263 0.3318 0.3373 0.3428
0.8671 0.8765 0.8859 0.8966 0.9073 0.9170 0.9268 0.9362 0.9456 0.9537
0.1237 0.1255 0.1273 0.1289 0.1306 0.1318 0.1331 0.1342 0.1353 0.1360
0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004
0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071
1.4444 1.4644 1.4844 1.5047 1.5251 1.5432 1.5614 1.5793 1.5971 1.6134

1.5068 1.5276 1.5485 1.5697 1.5910 1.6099 1.6288 1.6475 1.6661 1.6831

eat Capacity at temperatures interpolated from table

300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
1.88400 1.91950 1.95500 1.98650 2.01800 2.04300 2.06800 2.09350 2.11900 2.13950
1.5410 1.5515 1.5620 1.5745 1.5870 1.5995 1.6120 1.6245 1.6370 1.6495
1.3100 1.3145 1.3190 1.3250 1.3310 1.3375 1.3440 1.3525 1.3610 1.3670
1.3570 1.3670 1.3770 1.3875 1.3980 1.4085 1.4190 1.4275 1.4360 1.4445
1.9810 2.0120 2.0430 2.0735 2.1040 2.1285 2.1530 2.1775 2.2020 2.2200
0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260

0.1331 0.1356 0.1381 0.1403 0.1425 0.1443 0.1460 0.1478 0.1497 0.1511
0.2861 0.2880 0.2900 0.2923 0.2946 0.2969 0.2992 0.3016 0.3039 0.3062
0.8502 0.8531 0.8560 0.8599 0.8638 0.8680 0.8723 0.8778 0.8833 0.8872
0.1179 0.1188 0.1196 0.1206 0.1215 0.1224 0.1233 0.1240 0.1248 0.1255
0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071
1.3946 1.4029 1.4111 1.4205 1.4299 1.4391 1.4483 1.4587 1.4691 1.4775

1.4549 1.4635 1.4721 1.4819 1.4916 1.5012 1.5108 1.5217 1.5325 1.5413
 mti m i ni M i ½ niMi½ mti mi n i M i ½ ni M i ½ mti miniMi½ niMi½ mti
@ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t
Deg C Deg C Deg C Deg C
300 350 400 450
26.95 1263.1 46.9 28.83 1351.4 46.9 30.65 1436.5 46.9 32.40
19.99 1530.7 76.6 21.78 1668.4 76.6 23.55 1803.6 76.6 25.28
28.41 9828.8 345.9 30.02 10384.8 345.9 31.56 10916.9 345.9 33.04
33.48 1655.9 49.5 35.44 1752.8 49.5 37.31 1845.6 49.5 39.11
24.63 2.9 0.1 26.58 3.1 0.1 28.47 3.3 0.1 30.31
37.73 185.0 4.9 40.05 196.4 4.9 42.28 207.3 4.9 44.43
14466.3 523.9 15356.8 523.9 16213.2 523.9
 800 850
0.0733 0.0761
0.1073 0.1151
0.0666 0.0685
0.0756 0.0782
0.0081 0.0081
0.0514 0.0532

0.0052 0.0054
0.0199 0.0214
0.0432 0.0445
0.0066 0.0068
0.0000 0.0000
0.0004 0.0004
0.0753 0.0784

0.0785 0.0818

800 850
2.4830 2.5015
1.8760 1.9030
1.4820 1.4925
1.5740 1.5825
2.5180 2.5340
0.9260 0.9260

0.1754 0.1767
0.3482 0.3532
0.9618 0.9686
0.1368 0.1375
0.0004 0.0004
0.0071 0.0071
1.6297 1.6436

1.7001 1.7146

800 850
2.16000 2.17900
1.6620 1.6745
1.3730 1.3795
1.4530 1.4615
2.2380 2.2565
0.9260 0.9260

0.1525 0.1539
0.3085 0.3108
0.8911 0.8953
0.1262 0.1270
0.0003 0.0003
0.0071 0.0071
1.4859 1.4945

1.5500 1.5590
 miniMi½ n iM i ½ mti miniMi½ niMi½ mti miniMi½ ni M i ½ mti miniMi½
@ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t
Deg C Deg C Deg C
500 550 600
1518.6 46.9 34.10 1598.0 46.9 35.74 1674.9 46.9 37.33 1749.5
1936.3 76.6 26.98 2066.5 76.6 28.65 2194.3 76.6 30.29 2319.8
11427.8 345.9 34.46 11919.6 345.9 35.83 12394.3 345.9 37.16 12853.3
1934.7 49.5 40.85 2020.5 49.5 42.52 2103.3 49.5 44.14 2183.4
3.5 0.1 32.10 3.7 0.1 33.84 3.9 0.1 35.53 4.1
217.8 4.9 46.49 227.9 4.9 48.49 237.7 4.9 50.42 247.2
17038.7 523.9 17836.4 523.9 18608.5 523.9 19357.3
 ni M i ½ mti miniMi½ ni M i ½ mti m i ni M i ½ n iM i ½ mti mi n i M i ½ ni M i ½
@ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t
Deg C Deg C Deg C
650 700 750
46.9 38.87 1821.9 46.9 40.38 1892.4 46.9 41.84 1961.0 46.9
76.6 31.89 2442.9 76.6 33.47 2563.7 76.6 35.02 2682.3 76.6
345.9 38.44 13298.1 345.9 39.69 13729.8 345.9 40.90 14149.5 345.9
49.5 45.71 2261.0 49.5 47.23 2336.4 49.5 48.71 2409.6 49.5
0.1 37.19 4.3 0.1 38.80 4.5 0.1 40.37 4.7 0.1
4.9 52.29 256.4 4.9 54.11 265.3 4.9 55.87 273.9 4.9
523.9 20084.6 523.9 20792.0 523.9 21481.0 523.9
 mti m i ni M i ½ niMi½ mti mi n i M i ½ ni M i ½ mti miniMi½ niMi½
@ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t
Deg C Deg C Deg C
800 850 0
43.27 2027.8 46.9 44.66 2093.0 46.9 13.80 646.8 46.9
36.54 2798.8 76.6 38.04 2913.2 76.6 8.66 663.3 76.6
42.09 14558.0 345.9 43.24 14956.2 345.9 16.63 5752.5 345.9
50.16 2480.9 49.5 51.56 2550.4 49.5 19.19 949.2 49.5
41.91 4.9 0.1 43.42 5.1 0.1 11.63 1.4 0.1
57.59 282.4 4.9 59.27 290.6 4.9 20.93 102.6 4.9
22152.8 523.9 22808.5 523.9 8115.7 523.9
Wet Air Property Calculations

Input

Wet Air Composition

Volume
% m3
CO2 0.09
H2O 1.05
N2 71.91 Properties at Temp Deg C 0 50
O2 25.20 Density r kg/Nm3 1.301 1.099
SO2 0.00 Th. Cond k W/m K 0.024 0.028
Ar 1.74 Viscosity m Pa S 1.73E-05 1.98E-05
Total 100.00 Sp Heat Cp kJ/kg K 1.002 1.006
Mean Sp H Cpm kJ/kg K 1.002 1.003

Mol mass of Air kg/kmol 29.14

Properties at Temp Deg C 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Density kg/Nm3 1.301 1.10 0.95 0.84 0.75 0.68 0.62

Thermal Conductivity W/m K 0.0240 0.0275 0.0311 0.0345 0.0379 0.0410 0.0440
Viscosity Pa S 1.73E-05 1.98E-05 2.21E-05 2.42E-05 2.62E-05 2.81E-05 2.99E-05
Specific Heat CapacitykJ/Nm3 K 1.3036 1.3080 1.3123 1.3211 1.3299 1.3443 1.3586
kJ/kg K 1.002 1.006 1.009 1.016 1.022 1.033 1.045
kcal/kg K 0.239 0.240 0.241 0.243 0.244 0.247 0.250
Avg Sp Heat Capacity kJ/Nm3 K 1.3036 1.3049 1.3061 1.3099 1.3136 1.3178 1.3221
kJ/kg K 1.002 1.003 1.004 1.007 1.010 1.013 1.016
kcal/kg K 0.239 0.240 0.240 0.241 0.241 0.242 0.243
 xi M ri z V ni niMi ri.xi
Volume Molar Mass Density Compr factorMolar Vol Concentration
% m3 kg/kmol kg/Nm3 m3/kmol kmol % kmol kg/Nm3
Temp
CO2 0.09 44.01 1.977 0.993 22.26 0.02 0.09 4.2 0.2
H2O 1.05 18.02 0.833 0.965 21.63 0.23 1.02 18.4 0.9
N2 71.91 28.01 1.25 0.9996 22.40 16.11 71.95 2015.5 89.9
O2 25.20 32.00 1.429 0.999 22.39 5.64 25.20 806.3 36.0
SO2 0.00 64.06 2.919 0.979 21.94 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0
Ar 1.74 39.95 1.784 0.9991 22.39 0.39 1.74 69.6 3.1
Total 100.00 22.39 100.00 2913.87 130.07

Ref : Page 188 of Physical Pr

 Table 3.12 Thermal Conductivity of Pure Gases

Sr No Temp CO2 O2 N2 H2O Ar SO2 Sr No

1 0 0.0145 0.0242 0.0242 0.0159 0.0163 0.0081 1
2 100 0.0223 0.0315 0.0311 0.0248 0.0221 0.0081 2
3 200 0.0301 0.0387 0.0376 0.0328 0.0384 0.0081 3
4 300 0.0379 0.0456 0.0436 0.0434 0.0302 0.0081 4
5 400 0.0456 0.0523 0.0490 0.0548 0.0349 0.0081 5
6 500 0.0543 0.0586 0.0543 0.0692 0.0395 0.0081 6
7 600 0.0605 0.0644 0.0587 0.0802 0.0437 0.0081 7
8 700 0.0672 0.07 0.0628 0.0959 0.0477 0.0081 8
9 800 0.0733 0.0756 0.0666 0.1073 0.0514 0.0081 9
10 900 0.0789 0.0808 0.0704 0.1229 0.0550 0.0081 10
11 1000 0.0835 0.0858 0.0733 0.1372 0.0582 0.0081 11
12 1200 0.0913 0.0951 0.0791 0.1582 0.0647 0.0081 12

Table 3.11 Isobaric Heat Capacity of Pure Gases

Sr No Temp CO2 O2 N2 H2O Ar SO2 Sr No

1 0 1.62 1.31 1.302 1.491 0.926 1.712 1
 2 100 1.821 1.331 1.306 1.516 0.926 1.933 2
3 200 1.972 1.373 1.315 1.553 0.926 2.079 3
4 300 2.114 1.424 1.336 1.599 0.926 2.202 4
5 400 2.219 1.465 1.365 1.654 0.926 2.299 5
6 500 2.303 1.503 1.398 1.708 0.926 2.385 6
7 600 2.374 1.532 1.428 1.758 0.926 2.436 7
8 700 2.428 1.557 1.457 1.817 0.926 2.481 8
9 800 2.483 1.574 1.482 1.876 0.926 2.518 9
10 900 2.52 1.591 1.503 1.93 0.926 2.55 10
11 1000 2.554 1.608 1.524 1.98 0.926 2.581 11
12 1200 2.604 1.633 1.557 2.072 0.926 2.629 12

Table 3.6 Average Isobaric Heat Capacity of Pure Gases

Sr No Temp CO2 O2 N2 H2O Ar SO2 Sr No

1 0 1.62 1.31 1.302 1.491 0.926 1.712 1
2 100 1.721 1.319 1.302 1.503 0.926 1.822 2
3 200 1.809 1.336 1.306 1.52 0.926 1.908 3
4 300 1.884 1.357 1.31 1.541 0.926 1.981 4
5 400 1.955 1.377 1.319 1.562 0.926 2.043 5
6 500 2.018 1.398 1.331 1.587 0.926 2.104 6
7 600 2.068 1.419 1.344 1.612 0.926 2.153 7
8 700 2.119 1.436 1.361 1.637 0.926 2.202 8
9 800 2.16 1.453 1.373 1.662 0.926 2.238 9
10 900 2.198 1.47 1.386 1.687 0.926 2.275 10
11 1000 2.232 1.482 1.398 1.717 0.926 2.312 11
12 1200 2.29 1.503 1.424 1.767 0.926 2.361 12
Output

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
0.952 0.840 0.751 0.679 0.620 0.570 0.528 0.491 0.460 0.432
0.031 0.035 0.038 0.041 0.044 0.047 0.050 0.053 0.055 0.058
2.21E-05 2.42E-05 2.62E-05 2.81E-05 2.99E-05 3.16E-05 3.32E-05 3.48E-05 3.63E-05 3.78E-05
1.009 1.016 1.022 1.033 1.045 1.057 1.069 1.082 1.095 1.107
1.004 1.007 1.010 1.013 1.016 1.021 1.026 1.031 1.037 1.042

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800

0.57 0.53 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.33
0.0469 0.0498 0.0526 0.0554 0.0579 0.0603 0.0626 0.0649 0.0671 0.0692
3.16E-05 3.32E-05 3.48E-05 3.63E-05 3.78E-05 3.92E-05 4.06E-05 4.19E-05 4.32E-05 4.45E-05
1.3746 1.3905 1.4076 1.4246 1.4394 1.4542 1.4681 1.4821 1.4936 1.5051
1.057 1.069 1.082 1.095 1.107 1.118 1.129 1.139 1.148 1.157
0.252 0.255 0.259 0.262 0.264 0.267 0.270 0.272 0.274 0.276
1.3280 1.3339 1.3410 1.3482 1.3557 1.3632 1.3716 1.3801 1.3867 1.3933
1.021 1.026 1.031 1.037 1.042 1.048 1.055 1.061 1.066 1.071
0.244 0.245 0.246 0.248 0.249 0.250 0.252 0.253 0.255 0.256
 m0i Cs mti miniMi½ niMi½ mti miniMi½ ni M i ½ mti miniMi½
m x106 @ Temp t @ Temp t
Pa S Deg C Deg C Deg C
0 50 100
13.8 266 13.80 8.6 0.6 16.25 10.2 0.6 18.59 11.6
8.66 673 8.66 37.5 4.3 10.58 45.8 4.3 12.51 54.1
16.63 112 16.63 6332.8 380.8 18.94 7212.5 380.8 21.08 8027.3
19.19 131 19.19 2735.2 142.5 21.97 3132.2 142.5 24.56 3501.1
11.63 416 11.63 0.0 0.0 13.95 0.0 0.0 16.22 0.0
20.93 164 20.93 230.4 11.0 24.17 266.0 11.0 27.20 299.4
9344.5 539.3 10666.7 539.3 11893.5

Ref : Page 188 of Physical Properties of Natural Gases

 li Component Thermal conductivity at temperatures interpola
Temp 0 50 100 150 200 250
CO2 0.0145 0.0184 0.0223 0.0262 0.0301 0.0340
H2O 0.0159 0.0204 0.0248 0.0288 0.0328 0.0381
N2 0.0242 0.0277 0.0311 0.0344 0.0376 0.0406
O2 0.0242 0.0279 0.0315 0.0351 0.0387 0.0422
SO2 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081
Ar 0.0163 0.0192 0.0221 0.0303 0.0384 0.0343

lixi
CO2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0004
N2 0.0174 0.0199 0.0224 0.0247 0.0270 0.0292
O2 0.0061 0.0070 0.0079 0.0088 0.0098 0.0106
SO2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Ar 0.0003 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0007 0.0006
Total 0.0240 0.0275 0.0310 0.0344 0.0378 0.0408

li -W/m K 0.0240 0.0275 0.0311 0.0345 0.0379 0.0410

Cpi Component Isobaric Heat Capacity at temperatures interpol

Temp 0 50 100 150 200 250
CO2 1.6200 1.7205 1.8210 1.8965 1.9720 2.0430
 H2O 1.4910 1.5035 1.5160 1.5345 1.5530 1.5760
N2 1.3020 1.3040 1.3060 1.3105 1.3150 1.3255
O2 1.3100 1.3205 1.3310 1.3520 1.3730 1.3985
SO2 1.7120 1.8225 1.9330 2.0060 2.0790 2.1405
Ar 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260

lixi
CO2 0.0015 0.0016 0.0017 0.0018 0.0019 0.0019
H2O 0.0157 0.0159 0.0160 0.0162 0.0164 0.0166
N2 0.9363 0.9377 0.9391 0.9424 0.9456 0.9532
O2 0.3301 0.3328 0.3354 0.3407 0.3460 0.3524
SO2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Ar 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161
Total 1.2998 1.3041 1.3084 1.3172 1.3260 1.3403

Cpi kJ/m3K 1.3036 1.3080 1.3123 1.3211 1.3299 1.3443

Cpm Component Average Isobaric Heat Capacity at temperatures

Temp 0 50 100 150 200 250
CO2 1.62000 1.67050 1.72100 1.76500 1.80900 1.84650
H2O 1.4910 1.4970 1.5030 1.5115 1.5200 1.5305
N2 1.3020 1.3020 1.3020 1.3040 1.3060 1.3080
O2 1.3100 1.3145 1.3190 1.3275 1.3360 1.3465
SO2 1.7120 1.7670 1.8220 1.8650 1.9080 1.9445
Ar 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260

lixi
CO2 0.0015 0.0016 0.0016 0.0017 0.0017 0.0018
H2O 0.0157 0.0158 0.0159 0.0159 0.0160 0.0161
N2 0.9363 0.9363 0.9363 0.9377 0.9391 0.9406
O2 0.3301 0.3312 0.3324 0.3345 0.3367 0.3393
SO2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Ar 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161
Total 1.2998 1.3010 1.3023 1.3060 1.3097 1.3139

Cpi kJ/m3K 1.3036 1.3049 1.3061 1.3099 1.3136 1.3178

 600 650 700 750 800 850
0.407 0.385 0.365 0.347 0.331 0.316
0.060 0.063 0.065 0.067 0.069 0.071
3.92E-05 4.06E-05 4.19E-05 4.32E-05 4.45E-05 4.57E-05
1.118 1.129 1.139 1.148 1.157 1.165
1.048 1.055 1.061 1.066 1.071 1.077

850

0.32
0.0714
4.57E-05
1.5151
1.165
0.278
1.4003
1.077
0.257
 ni M i ½ mti miniMi½ ni M i ½ mti m i ni M i ½ n iM i ½ mti mi n i M i ½ ni M i ½
@ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t
Deg C Deg C Deg C
150 200 250
0.6 20.82 13.0 0.6 22.95 14.4 0.6 24.99 15.6 0.6
4.3 14.41 62.3 4.3 16.30 70.5 4.3 18.16 78.5 4.3
380.8 23.08 8787.9 380.8 24.95 9502.8 380.8 26.73 10178.5 380.8
142.5 26.99 3846.4 142.5 29.27 4171.5 142.5 31.43 4479.2 142.5
0.0 18.42 0.0 0.0 20.55 0.0 0.0 22.62 0.0 0.0
11.0 30.05 330.7 11.0 32.74 360.4 11.0 35.29 388.5 11.0
539.3 13040.4 539.3 14119.5 539.3 15140.3 539.3
ity at temperatures interpolated from table
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
0.0379 0.0418 0.0456 0.0500 0.0543 0.0574 0.0605 0.0639 0.0672 0.0703
0.0434 0.0491 0.0548 0.0620 0.0692 0.0747 0.0802 0.0881 0.0959 0.1016
0.0436 0.0463 0.0490 0.0517 0.0543 0.0565 0.0587 0.0608 0.0628 0.0647
0.0456 0.0490 0.0523 0.0555 0.0586 0.0615 0.0644 0.0672 0.0700 0.0728
0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081
0.0302 0.0326 0.0349 0.0372 0.0395 0.0416 0.0437 0.0457 0.0477 0.0496

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
0.0005 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0010 0.0011
0.0314 0.0333 0.0352 0.0371 0.0390 0.0406 0.0422 0.0437 0.0452 0.0465
0.0115 0.0123 0.0132 0.0140 0.0148 0.0155 0.0162 0.0169 0.0176 0.0183
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009
0.0439 0.0468 0.0496 0.0525 0.0553 0.0577 0.0601 0.0624 0.0647 0.0669

0.0440 0.0469 0.0498 0.0526 0.0554 0.0579 0.0603 0.0626 0.0649 0.0671

city at temperatures interpolated from table

300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
2.1140 2.1665 2.2190 2.2610 2.3030 2.3385 2.3740 2.4010 2.4280 2.4555
 1.5990 1.6265 1.6540 1.6810 1.7080 1.7330 1.7580 1.7875 1.8170 1.8465
1.3360 1.3505 1.3650 1.3815 1.3980 1.4130 1.4280 1.4425 1.4570 1.4695
1.4240 1.4445 1.4650 1.4840 1.5030 1.5175 1.5320 1.5445 1.5570 1.5655
2.2020 2.2505 2.2990 2.3420 2.3850 2.4105 2.4360 2.4585 2.4810 2.4995
0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260

0.0020 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0022 0.0022 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023
0.0169 0.0172 0.0174 0.0177 0.0180 0.0183 0.0185 0.0189 0.0192 0.0195
0.9607 0.9711 0.9816 0.9934 1.0053 1.0161 1.0269 1.0373 1.0477 1.0567
0.3588 0.3640 0.3692 0.3740 0.3787 0.3824 0.3861 0.3892 0.3923 0.3945
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161
1.3545 1.3705 1.3864 1.4034 1.4204 1.4351 1.4498 1.4638 1.4777 1.4891

1.3586 1.3746 1.3905 1.4076 1.4246 1.4394 1.4542 1.4681 1.4821 1.4936

eat Capacity at temperatures interpolated from table

300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
1.88400 1.91950 1.95500 1.98650 2.01800 2.04300 2.06800 2.09350 2.11900 2.13950
1.5410 1.5515 1.5620 1.5745 1.5870 1.5995 1.6120 1.6245 1.6370 1.6495
1.3100 1.3145 1.3190 1.3250 1.3310 1.3375 1.3440 1.3525 1.3610 1.3670
1.3570 1.3670 1.3770 1.3875 1.3980 1.4085 1.4190 1.4275 1.4360 1.4445
1.9810 2.0120 2.0430 2.0735 2.1040 2.1285 2.1530 2.1775 2.2020 2.2200
0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260 0.9260

0.0018 0.0018 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020
0.0163 0.0164 0.0165 0.0166 0.0167 0.0169 0.0170 0.0171 0.0173 0.0174
0.9420 0.9453 0.9485 0.9528 0.9571 0.9618 0.9665 0.9726 0.9787 0.9830
0.3420 0.3445 0.3470 0.3496 0.3523 0.3549 0.3576 0.3597 0.3619 0.3640
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161 0.0161
1.3181 1.3240 1.3299 1.3371 1.3442 1.3517 1.3591 1.3675 1.3760 1.3826

1.3221 1.3280 1.3339 1.3410 1.3482 1.3557 1.3632 1.3716 1.3801 1.3867
 mti m i ni M i ½ niMi½ mti mi n i M i ½ ni M i ½ mti miniMi½ niMi½ mti
@ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t
Deg C Deg C Deg C Deg C
300 350 400 450
26.95 16.9 0.6 28.83 18.0 0.6 30.65 19.2 0.6 32.40
19.99 86.4 4.3 21.78 94.2 4.3 23.55 101.8 4.3 25.28
28.41 10820.3 380.8 30.02 11432.3 380.8 31.56 12018.1 380.8 33.04
33.48 4771.7 142.5 35.44 5050.9 142.5 37.31 5318.2 142.5 39.11
24.63 0.0 0.0 26.58 0.0 0.0 28.47 0.0 0.0 30.31
37.73 415.3 11.0 40.05 440.9 11.0 42.28 465.4 11.0 44.43
16110.5 539.3 17036.3 539.3 17922.8 539.3
 800 850
0.0733 0.0761
0.1073 0.1151
0.0666 0.0685
0.0756 0.0782
0.0081 0.0081
0.0514 0.0532

0.0001 0.0001
0.0011 0.0012
0.0479 0.0493
0.0191 0.0197
0.0000 0.0000
0.0009 0.0009
0.0690 0.0712

0.0692 0.0714

800 850
2.4830 2.5015
1.8760 1.9030
1.4820 1.4925
1.5740 1.5825
2.5180 2.5340
0.9260 0.9260

0.0024 0.0024
0.0198 0.0201
1.0657 1.0732
0.3966 0.3988
0.0000 0.0000
0.0161 0.0161
1.5006 1.5106

1.5051 1.5151

800 850
2.16000 2.17900
1.6620 1.6745
1.3730 1.3795
1.4530 1.4615
2.2380 2.2565
0.9260 0.9260

0.0020 0.0021
0.0175 0.0177
0.9873 0.9920
0.3661 0.3683
0.0000 0.0000
0.0161 0.0161
1.3892 1.3961

1.3933 1.4003
 miniMi½ n iM i ½ mti miniMi½ niMi½ mti miniMi½ ni M i ½ mti miniMi½
@ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t
Deg C Deg C Deg C
500 550 600
20.3 0.6 34.10 21.3 0.6 35.74 22.4 0.6 37.33 23.4
109.3 4.3 26.98 116.7 4.3 28.65 123.9 4.3 30.29 131.0
12580.5 380.8 34.46 13122.0 380.8 35.83 13644.5 380.8 37.16 14149.9
5575.0 142.5 40.85 5822.3 142.5 42.52 6060.9 142.5 44.14 6291.8
0.0 0.0 32.10 0.0 0.0 33.84 0.0 0.0 35.53 0.0
489.0 11.0 46.49 511.8 11.0 48.49 533.7 11.0 50.42 555.0
18774.2 539.3 19594.1 539.3 20385.4 539.3 21150.9
 ni M i ½ mti miniMi½ ni M i ½ mti m i ni M i ½ n iM i ½ mti mi n i M i ½ ni M i ½
@ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t
Deg C Deg C Deg C
650 700 750
0.6 38.87 24.3 0.6 40.38 25.3 0.6 41.84 26.2 0.6
4.3 31.89 137.9 4.3 33.47 144.8 4.3 35.02 151.5 4.3
380.8 38.44 14639.5 380.8 39.69 15114.7 380.8 40.90 15576.7 380.8
142.5 45.71 6515.4 142.5 47.23 6732.5 142.5 48.71 6943.6 142.5
0.0 37.19 0.0 0.0 38.80 0.0 0.0 40.37 0.0 0.0
11.0 52.29 575.6 11.0 54.11 595.6 11.0 55.87 615.0 11.0
539.3 21892.8 539.3 22612.9 539.3 23313.0 539.3
 mti m i ni M i ½ niMi½ mti mi n i M i ½ ni M i ½ mti miniMi½ niMi½
@ Temp t @ Temp t @ Temp t
Deg C Deg C Deg C
800 850 0
43.27 27.1 0.6 44.66 27.9 0.6 13.80 8.6 0.6
36.54 158.0 4.3 38.04 164.5 4.3 8.66 37.5 4.3
42.09 16026.5 380.8 43.24 16464.9 380.8 16.63 6332.8 380.8
50.16 7149.0 142.5 51.56 7349.3 142.5 19.19 2735.2 142.5
41.91 0.0 0.0 43.42 0.0 0.0 11.63 0.0 0.0
57.59 634.0 11.0 59.27 652.4 11.0 20.93 230.4 11.0
23994.6 539.3 24659.0 539.3 9344.5 539.3
Garbage Incinerator Design

Parameter Unit Value

Capacity kg/h 1000

Grate Loading Norm lb/h ft2 60
kg/h m2 293
Grate Area required m2 3.41
Garbage GCV kJ/kg 8537
kcal/kg 2039
Width Loading Limit (Norm) kcal/h m 3400000
Width Required m2 0.600
Provided Width ft 3
Provided length ft 12
Grate width mm 914.4
Grate Length mm 3657.6
Ambient Temp 30
Furnace Size
Length mm 4200
Width mm 1500
Ash in waste % 23.1
Stoichiometric Air required kg/kg waste 2.73
Excess air % 100
Air requirement kg/kg waste 5.47
kg/h 5465
Flue Gas generated kg/kg waste 6.23
kg/h 6234
Ash generated kg/h 231
Adiabatic Furnace Temp Deg C 866
Flue Gas Density kg/m3 0.298
Furnace cross sect Area m2 6.3
Flue Gas Velocity in furnace m/s 0.92
Residence time Required Sec 2
Furnace Ht Required m 2000

Garbage Composition for design

 Stoichiometric GCV
kg/kg kJ/kg
Paper 5.16 14085
Rubber 14.32 33712
Plastic 14.9 22197
Wood 5.74 17476
Leather 7.05 16580
Textile 7.76 19050
Garbage 3.29 9000
Total 58.22 132100
kg/kg wast
% of fuel
% of flue gas

According to the European Waste Incineration Directive, incinera

that the flue gases reach a temperature of at least 850 °C (1,56
proper breakdown of toxic organic substances.
In order to comply with this at all times, it is required to install ba
which are fired into the boiler in case the heating value of the wa
 Secondary
Secondary chamber
Burner + 1500 x 4200 1500
Dilution Fan

Waste Grate Size Ash

1500 Feed 915 x 3660 Out
3 ft x 12 ft
500

350 thk refractory walls

4200

Plan view of incinerator arrangement

Refractory Arch
 2000
Waste
hopper

Ash
Out

Reciprocating
Grate

Front view of incinerator arrangement

 Ash Moisture Dry Gas Total Gas

0.35 7.92 98.6 106.52

0.05 1.13 14.09 15.22
5
% of flue gas 7.4

Incineration Directive, incineration plants must be designed to ensure

erature of at least 850 °C (1,560 °F) for 2 seconds in order to ensure
substances.
mes, it is required to install backup auxiliary burners (often fueled by oil),
se the heating value of the waste becomes too low to reach this temperature alone.