SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT NOUNS

1. Noun + al/en/ic/y/ly/ful/less/ish = Adjective

Examples:—National + al = National
Sentence:- We shall respect our National Flag.
Wood + en = Wooden
Sentence:-We just bought a wooden table for our Living room.
Heaven + ly =Heavenly
Beauty +ful = Beautiful
Islam + ic = Islamic
Care +less = Careless
Air + y = Airy
Child + ish =Childish

2. Noun + en/ify/ize = Verb.

Examples:—Strength + en= strengthen
Sentence:-
Class + ify = Classify
Central +ize = Centralize

3. After
One of / The number of / A number of / A lotof / Plenty of / Most of / Each of / Either of /Neither
of
there has to be Plural Countable Noun
Examples:—
One of the boywas ill.
One of the boys was ill.
A lot of boy were playing.
A lot of boys were playing.
Either of the boy is intelligent.
Either of the boys is intelligent.

4. Proper, Abstract, Material Nouns cannot be plural

Examples:—
Proper – Ram is a polite boy
Rams are polite boys/ Rams is a polite boy
Abstract- Heightof all the boys is almost equal.
Heights of all the boys is almost equal.
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 ENGLISH - GRAMMAR 2
Material – Look at the level of the water in the lake.
Look at the level of the watersin the lake.

5. Words ending with

s, x, ch, sh, z, ssand sounded the same
the noun can be converted to plural form by adding just ―es‖
Examples:—
Bus – Buses
Tax – Taxes
Watch – Watches
Bush– Bushes
Topaz - Topazes
Class–Classes

Examples:—
Monarch – Monarchs
Hierarch – Hierarchs
Stomach – Stomachs

6. A consonant is followed by that ―y‖and the word ending with ―y‖

Examples:—
Army– Armies
Lady– Ladies
Baby– Babies
City– Cities
Fly– Flies
Story– Stories
Noun ending with ―y‖ and a vowel is followed by ―y‖.
Examples:—
Boy– Boys
Day– Days
Toy– Toys

7. Noun ending with ―o‖,make it plural by adding ―es‖at the end

Examples:—
Mango– Mangoes
Potato– Potatoes

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 ENGLISH - GRAMMAR 3
Hero– Heroes
Mosquito -Mosquitoes
Exceptions:-
Photo– Photos
Kilo– Kilos
Piano– Pianos etc.

But in case a consonant is followed by ―oo‖,―io‖, ―eo‖, ―yo‖just add ―s‖at the end
Example:—
Bamboo– Bamboos
Cuckoo– Cuckoos
Studio– Studios
Radio– Radios
Embryo – Embryosetc.

Noun ending with―f ‖ or―fe‖ will be replaced by ―ves‖ for Plural form
Example:—
Knife– Knives
Wife– Wives
Half– Halves
Leaf– Leaves
Thief– Thieves
Calf– Calves
Exceptions:-
Chief– Chiefs
Dwarf– Dwarfs
Proof – Proofs
Safe – Safes
Belief – Beliefs
Grief– Griefs
Staff – Staffsetc

8. Some nouns change the vowels in them to reflect plural form

Example:-
Foot – Feet
Goose– Geese
Man – Men

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 ENGLISH - GRAMMAR 4
Woman – Women
Louse – Lice
Mouse – Mice
Tooth – Teeth
Dormouse – Dormice

9. These 3 Nouns changes into plural form by adding ―en‖

Example :-
Ox – Oxen
Child – Children
Brother –Brethren

10. The main word of the compound noun is formed plural

Example:-
Step- son – Step-sons
Chief-minister - Chief-ministers
Court-martial - Courts-martial
Maid-servant - Maid-servants
Governor-general - Governors-general
Boy-friend - Boy-friends
Pick-pocket - Pick-pockets

But if preposition occurs then the word lies before preposition is made plural
Example:-
Commander-in-chief - Commanders-in-chief
Father-in-law - Fathers-in-law
Passer-by - Passers-by
Looker-on - Lookers-on
Hanger-on - Hangers-on

11. Nouns in which both the words are changed to plural form
Man-servant - Men-servants
Lord-justice - Lords-justices
But

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 ENGLISH - GRAMMAR 5
Post-man - Post-men
Milk-man - Milk-men

12. By default plural forms

Agendum - Agenda
Pendulum - Pendula
Axis – Axes
Bandit - Banditti/Bandits
Bacterium - Bacteria
Criterion - Criteria
Formula - Formulae/Formulas
Medium - Media
Series - Series
Index - Indices
Maximum - Maxima
Phenomenon - Phenomena
Stratum - Stratums/Strata
Radius – Radii
Datum – Data
Genius - Genii/Genuses
Basis – Bases

13. The meaning of the plural form changes by adding ―s‖ with some Material Nouns
Example:—
Sand - Sands
Iron - Irons
Copper - Coppers
Land - Lands
Wood - Woods
Colour - Colours
Air - Airs
Good - Goods
Work - Works
Water - Waters
Way - Ways
People – Peoples

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 ENGLISH - GRAMMAR 6
Force - Force
Sentences:-
A ball loses its force when it comes to the ground.
The Forces are sent to the border.
We should do our work.
The Works of Shakespeare are good.

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