Tony Garnier: Industrial City (Une Cite Industrielle 1917)

A French architect and city planner. He was most active in his

hometown of Lyon. On the other hand, he studied on sociological and
architectural problems. His basic idea included the separation of
spaces by function through zoning into several categories. Tony
Garnier first produced plan for the ideal industrial town in 1904. In
industrial city of Tony Garnier, he determine general standards of city
and with these standards, he developed some designs that
supplied people materially and morally needs. Born: 13 August 1869, Lyon,
France
Garnier ‘s proposal was an Died: 19 January 1948, Roquefort-
la-Bédoule, France
industrial city for approx
35.000 inhabitants situated on
an area in southeast France on a plateau with high land and a
lake to the north, a valley and river to the south. He envisaged a
town of segregated uses with a residential area, a train station
quarter and an industrial zone. Garnier tries to take into account
all aspects of the city including governmental, residential,
manufacturing and agricultural practices. The various function of
the city were clearly related, but separated from each from by location and patterns. The city of labor
divided into Four main Functions: Work, housing, health and leisure. The public area at the heart of the
city was grouped into three sections: Administrative services and assembly halls, museum collections
and sport facilities.
Region of station is centre of the city and it includes all public trade facilities together. A railway passes between
the factory and the city, which is on a plateau, and further up are the medical facilities.

The residential area is made up of rectangular blocks running

east-west which gives the city its characteristic elongated form.
This is the location of the houses and the houses was situated into
the large green areas to benefit from sun and fresh air. The
residential districts are the first attempt towards passive solar
architecture. Garnier had energy efficiently in mind as the city
was to be powered by a hydroelectric station with a dam which
was located in the mountains along with the hospital.

Another significant region was the hospital area. Medical

practice of that time was almost totally without the tools and treatments not in common use, but it had
become apparent that sunshine and pure air were helpful in overcoming many diseases. There was a
movement toward breaking down big hospitals into units called pavilions, thus giving patients close
relationship to these amenities and making them feel more relaxed than if they were in a huge
crowded environment.

Tony Garnier was the one of the pioneers of the modern architecture in terms of material. The
materials used are concrete for the foundations and walls, and reinforced concrete for floors
and ceilings. All important buildings are constructed of reinforced concrete.
Another innovation that reflect on the city plan is equality between people. When asked why his
city contained no law courts, police stations, jail or church, he is said to have replied that the
new society governed by socialist law. All of them brings about socialism theory. Tony Garnier
was the socialist person. Charles Fourier who French philosopher and an influential
early socialist thinker later associated with “utopian socialism” and Henri de Saint-Simon who
French political and economic theorist and businessperson. They were supporters of the socialism
theory in that terms.

Tony’s industrial city is one of the most

comprehensive idea plans of all time.
Garnier’s industrial city was never
built, but he contributed to the
further planners such as Le Corbusier.
Corbusier was the first well- known
architect to discuss about Garnier’s
works. After the industrial city project,
Garnier designed many projects that
built in Lyon.

SUMMARY:

Tony Garnier was a French architect and a city planner. He first produced a plan for
the ideal industrial town in 1904. His basic idea included the separation of spaces by
function through zoning into several categories. The industrial city that he proposed shall
have approximately 35,000 inhabitants situated on an area in southeast France on a plateau
with high land and a lake to the north, a valley and river to the south. The various function of
the city were clearly related, but separated from each from by location and patterns. The
city of labor divided into Four main Functions: Work, housing, health and leisure. The public
area at the heart of the city was grouped into three sections: Administrative services and
assembly halls, museum collections and sport facilities. He envisioned a town where the
residential area, train station, industrial zone and hospital area are segregated according to
their uses.
Tony Garnier was the one of the pioneers of the modern architecture in terms of
material. His concept of the industrial city is one of the most comprehensive idea plans of all
time.
 PLAN 3
(Tth 2:30 PM– 4:00 PM)

Tony Garnier: Industrial City

JEMVI BECARO
BS-ARCH4D

AR. RIALINO ALISBO MSARCH, FUAD

INSTRUCTOR