Statistics and Probability

Yong Hwa M. Jeong

Grade 11 STEM-B
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Test of Hypothesis

What I Know Pg.1

Pre-test
A.
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. A
B.
1.consumption of sugary drinks every day leads to obesity is an example of a
simple hypothesis.

2. If I brush my teeth every day, then I will not develop cavities.

3. If I eat more vegetables, then I will lose weight faster.

4.All lilies have the same number of petals is an example of a null hypothesis.

5.If a person gets 7 hours of sleep, then he will feel less fatigue than if he
sleeps less.

6. If I add fertilizer to my garden, then my plants will grow faster.

7. If 50 mL of water are added to my plants each day and they grow, then
adding 100 mL of water each day will make them grow even more.

8. If I replace the battery in my car, then my car will get better gas mileage.

9. If I take my vitamins every day, then I will not feel tired.

Lesson 1.1

What is it Pg.3-4

Activity 1.

A.

1. 4. H0

2. H0 5. H0

3. 6.
B.

1. B

2. A
3. B
4. D
5. A
C.
1. H0:µ= 14 6. H0:µ = <5
2. H0:µ = 40% 7. H0:µ = <0.5
3. H0:µ = 15% 8. H0:µ = 45%
4. H0:µ = 35% 9. H0:µ = 55%
5. H0:µ = 8% 10. H0:µ = 70%

Lesson 1.2
What is it? Pg.6-7
Activity 2.
A.
1. H1 4.

2. 5.

3. H1 6. H1

B.

1. H1:µ ≠ 14 6. H1:µ ≠ 5
2. H1:µ < 40% 7. H1:µ >0.5
3. H1:µ >15% 8. H1:µ≠ 45%
4. H1:µ ≠ 35% 9. H1:µ < 55%
5. H1:µ ≠ 8% 10. H1:µ > 70%
Lesson 1.3

What is it? Pg.9

Activity 3

A.

1. a/2 =0.025

2. a =0.10

3. a =0.01

4. a =0.07

5. a/2 =0.025

Lesson 1.4

What is it? Pg.12

Activity 4.

A.

1. between

2. left

3. two

4. between

5. two

B.

1. between

2. right side

3. right side

4. left side

5. between
Lesson 1.5

What is it? Pg.14

Activity 5.

A.

1. B

2. D

3. C

4. A

5. D

B.

1.) type I error: we conclude that the average number of years to finish basic
education is 14, when it really is 14 years.
type II error: we conclude that the average number of years to finish basic
education is 14, when in fact it really is not 14 years.
2.) type I error: we conclude that at least 40% of private school students
transferred to public schools during the COVID 19 pandemic, when it really is
40%.
type II error: we conclude that at least 40% of private school students
transferred to public schools during the COVID 19 pandemic, when in fact it
really is not 40%.
3.) type I error: we conclude that the mean expenses of a family during COVID
19 pandemic increased at most by 15%, when it really is 15%.
type II error: we conclude that the mean expenses of a family during COVID
19 pandemic increased at most by 15%, when in fact it really is not 14%.
4.) type I error: we conclude that thirty-five percent of senior high school
students enrolled to a track/strand because of peer pressure, when it really is
thirty-five percent.
type II error: we conclude that thirty-five percent of senior high school
students enrolled to a track/strand because of peer pressure, when in fact it
really is not thirty-five percent.
5.) type I error: we conclude that during the COVID 19 pandemic, 8% of COVID
19 cases in the country were confirmed death case, when it really is 8%.
type II error: we conclude that during the COVID 19 pandemic, 8% of
COVID 19 cases in the country were confirmed death case, when in fact it
really is not 8%.
Assessment Pg.15

1. H1: µ ≤ 6. µ

2. H1: µ ≥ 7. X2=1.75

3. H1: µ ≠ 0.05 8. Null hypothesis rejected

4. Population Parameters 9. Null hypothesis accepted

5. Value 10. =1-β and a=0.05

Lesson 2

What I know Pg.17

A.

1. Null hypothesis 6. Population variance

2. Critical region 7. Type II error

3. Alpha 8. Type I error

4. Two tailed test 9. Divided by 2

5. Population 10. Test 90%

Lesson 2.1

What is it? Pg.20

Activity 6.

1.) H0: µ=3000 The average monthly income of a jeepney diver is greater than
php 3000

H1: µ≠3000 The average monthly income of a jeepney diver is greater than
php 3000.

2.) H0: µ=90 The average score for grade 11 students is equal to 90.

H1: µ≠90 The average score for grade 11 students is equal to 90.

3.) H0: µ=95 The average score of a kinder students is equal to 95.

H1: µ≠95 The average score of a kinder students is equal to 95.

Lesson 2.2

What is it? Pg.22

Activity 7.

1.) H0: µ=65 the average hours of a person exercises in a day during quarantine
period is 65 minutes.

H1: µ≠65 the average hours of a person exercises in a day during quarantine
period is 65 minutes.

2.) H0: µ=33 The average mean marrying age of teacher is 30 years old.

H1: µ≠33 The average mean marrying age of teacher is 30 years old.

3.) H0: µ=5 The average number of times a family went to buy necessities in a
week is 5 times a week.

H1: µ≠5 The average number of times a family went to buy necessities in a
week is 5 times a week.

Assessment Pg.23

A.

1. Sample standard deviation

2. Population standard deviation

3. Symmetric distribution

4. Measure of variability

5. the degrees of freedom is 29

B.

The researcher test if there are no differences in the sensory

characteristic of the different formulation of mushroom ice cream.

H0: There are no significant differences in the sensory Characteristic of the

different formulations of mushroom ice cream.

H1: There are significant differences in the sensory Characteristic of the

different formulations of mushroom ice cream.

The researcher determines if there was a significant difference

between the mean average grades of the male and female students of
junior high school in First Fruit Christian Academy.

H0: There is no significant difference between the mean average grades of the
male and female students of junior high school in First Fruit Christian
Academy.

H1: There is significant difference between the mean average grades of the male
and female students of junior high school in First Fruit Christian Academy.
Lesson 3.

What I Know Pg.25

1. Critical value 6. Z-test

2. Critical region 7. T-test

3. One tailed test 8. Chi-Square test

4. Two tailed test 9. Anova test

5. test statistic 10. Normal curve

Lesson 3.1

What is it? Pg.27

Activity 8.
x−µ 3500−3000
1. ( )(√ n ¿ = ( )(√ 30 ¿ z=9.13
σ 300
90−85
2.( )(√ 11¿ z=3.32
5
95−90
3.( )(√ 50 ¿ z=3.54
10

Lesson 3.2

What is it? Pg.28

Activity 9.
x−µ 65−80
1.( )(√ n ¿= ( ¿(√ 29 ¿ t=-8.1
s 10
33−30
2. ( ¿(√ 15 ¿ t=2.324
5
5−4
3. ( ¿(√ 20 ¿ t=2.24
2

Lesson 3.3

What is it? Pg.29

Activity 10.
σ s 4%
1. σ x = ≈ = =6.325%
√ n √ n √ 40
x−µ 90 %−95 %
( )( =( )(√ 40 ¿ z=-5%
σx √ n ¿ 6.325%
 50
2. =5.774
√ 75
600−500
( )(√ 75 ¿ z=150
5.774

Lesson 4.1

What is it? Pg.33

Activity 11.

1.) z=2.6

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

2. z=2.8

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

3. z=2.6

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Lesson 4.2

What is it? Pg.36

Activity 12.

1. z=2.34

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

2. z=1.645

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

3. z=1.96

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Lesson 4.3

What is it? Pg.38

Activity 13.

1. z=1.96

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

2. z=2.34

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Assessment Pg.38

A.

1. Sample standard deviation

2. Population standard deviation

3. Symmetric distribution

4. Measure of variability

5. n-1

B.

1.) H0: µ=85 The average lip tint has a mean organic content of 85%.

H1: µ≠85 The average lip tint has a mean organic content of 85%.
x−µ 85 %−90 %
( )(√ n ¿= ( ¿(√ 60 ¿ t=-7.75
s 5%

2.) H0: µ=65 The average mean alcohol content of ethyl alcohol is 65%.

H1: µ≠65 The average mean alcohol content of ethyl alcohol is 65%.
x−µ 65 %−70 %
( )(√ n ¿= ( ¿(√ 80 ¿ t=-22.361
s 2%

Lesson 5.

What I know

1. Reject H0 6. Right side of the critical region

2. Accept H0 7. There is enough evidence to reject

H0.

3. Lies within the critical region 8. There is no enough evidence to reject

H0.

4. Lies side of the critical region 9. Lies within one of the critical
regions

5. Lies within the critical region 10. Lies between the two critical
regions
Lesson 5.1

Assessment Pg.44

1.) Given: x̅=85%, µ090%, n=60, and a=1% =0.01

Hypothesis: H0: µ=85% and H1: µ≠85%

Significance level: a=0.01

x−µ 85 %−90 %
Test statistic: t=( )(√ n ¿= ( ¿(√ 60 ¿ t=-7.75
s 5%

Critical region: Since ≠ is used in H 1, t<-t a ort >t a will be used. Now using
2 2

the t-distribution table, the value of - t a is -t a =-t0.005 =-2.861 and t0.005 =2.861.
2 2

The critical region is illustrated below.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Decision: Since -7.75 > -2.34 is FALSE, H1

is rejected. From the illustration above, -7.75 lies within the critical region

Conclusion: There is no sufficient evidence to conclude that the average lip

tint has a mean organic content of 85%.

2.) Given: x̅=5, µ04, n=20, and a=5% =0.05

Hypothesis: H0: µ=5% and H1: µ≠5%

Significance level: a=0.05

x−µ 5−4
Test statistic: t=( )(√ n ¿= ( ¿(√ 20 ¿ t=2.24
s 2

Critical region: Since ≠ is used in H 1, t<-t a ort >t a will be used. Now using
2 2

the t-distribution table, the value of -t a is -t a =-t0.025 =-1.69 and t0.025 =1.69. The
2 2

critical region is illustrated below.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
 Decision: Since 2.24 > -1.69 is TRUE and 2.24 > 1.69 is also TRUE, H0 is
rejected. From the illustration above, 2.24 lies within the critical region (shaded
part).

Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the average

number of times family went to buy necessities in a week is 5 times a week.

Lesson 6

What I Know Pg.47

1. True

2. False, proportion is obtained when a frequency of desired events is divided

by the sum of events.

3. False, in order for the result of CLT to hold, the sample must be sufficiently
large (n>30).

4. True

5. True

6. True

7. True

8. False, When H0 is rejected it means that a significant difference does exist.

9. True

10. True

Assessment Pg.51-52

1. A 6. A

2. C 7. B

3. A 8. C

4. B 9. A

5. D 10. B
 Statistics and Probability
Yong Hwa M. Jeong
Grade 11 STEM-B
Quarter 4 – Module 2: Correlation Analysis

Lesson 1
What I Know Pg.2-3
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. C

Activity 1.
House Length of Height
-hold Arm Span (cm)
member/ (Cm)
Neighbors
1 171 176
2 167 169
3 161 165
4 158 161
5 148 152
6 140 143
7
200 130 134
8
180 113 117
9
160 91 95
10
140
62 65
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
This illustration a perfect positive relationship. When computed, the coefficient
of correlation is equal to 1.
Activity 2.
Number of Average
times grade in
Student submitted first
late semester
outputs (%)
1 12 90%
2 10 89%
3 9 91%
4 8 87%
5 8 93%
6 8 92%
7 4 95%
8 2 92%
9 2 96%
10 0 96%
98%

96%

94%

92%

90%

88%

86%

84%

82%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

This illustrates a low negative relationship. When the points are evenly
distributed all over the scatter diagram, that will indicate that there is no
relationship.
Activity 3.
Number of Wight
Studen Facebook (kg)
t Friends
1 4,856 51
2 4,623 49
3 4,529 60
4 4,385 41
5 4,967 57
6 3,468 43
7 3,189 45
8 1,894 56
9 1,597 47
10 320 58

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

This
illustrates a low negative relationship. When the points are evenly distributed
all over the scatter diagram, that will indicate that there is no relationship.
Assessment Pg.10-11
A.
1. Positive
2. No correlation
3. Negative
4. Negative
5. Positive
B.
1. Strong positive correlation
2. Strong positive correlation
3. Weak negative correlation
4. Strong positive correlation
5. Strong negative correlation
C.
1. B
2. C
3. E
4. A
D.
1.
 Y-Values
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22

2.

Y-Values
20

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Lesson 2.

What I know Pg.12-13

What I Know

A.

Graph A =1

Graph B = -1

Graph C = 0

Graph D = -0.72

B.

Graph A = 0.96

Graph B = -0.90

Graph C = 0.72

Graph D = -0.42

C.

1. r = -0.97; strong negative correlation

2. r = 0.90; strong positive correlation

Activity 1.

Child x y X2 Y2 xy
 1 7 12 49 144 42
2 6 8 36 64 48
3 8 12 64 144 40
4 5 10 25 100 30
5 6 11 36 121 54
6 9 13 81 169 288
N=6 ∑x=32 ∑y=53 ∑x2=291 ∑y2=742 ∑xy=502

6 ( 502 )−(32)(53)
r= 2
√[6 ( 291 )−( 32 ) ¿ ]¿ ¿¿
r=1.21

Perfect positive correlation.

Activity 2.

Student x y X2 Y2 xy
1 55 66 3025 4356 5115
2 93 89 8649 7921 8277
3 89 94 7921 8836 5340
4 60 52 3600 2704 5400
5 90 84 8100 7056 34830
N=5 ∑x=387 ∑y=385 ∑x =31295 ∑y =30873 ∑xy=58962
2 2

5 (58962 ) −(387)(385)
r= 2
√[5 ( 31295 )−( 387 ) ¿ ]¿ ¿ ¿
r=22.72

Perfect positive correlation.

Assessment Pg.18-20

A.

1. a

2. b

3. a

4. b

5. B
B.

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. A

C.

1. r =1; perfect positive correlation

2. r =-1; perfect negative correlation

3. r =0; no correlation

D.

1. r =0.86; There is a strong positive correlation between age of grave stone and
diameter of lichen.

2. r =0.99; There is a strong positive correlation between the number of days

and the number of bacteria.

Statistics and Probability

Yong Hwa M. Jeong
Grade 11 STEM-B
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Regression Analysis

What I know Pg.1-2

1. C
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. C
No. of days Score in 50
Student absent (x) points math xy X2
quiz (y)
A 1 47 47 1
B 2 40 80 4
C 3 35 105 9
D 4 27 108 16
E 5 15 75 25
N=5 ∑x=15 ∑y=164 ∑xy=415 ∑x2=55
Solving for the y-intercept 𝑎, we get
 ( 164 ) ( 55 )−(15)( 415)
a=
5 ( 55 )−(15)2
a= 55.9

Solving for the slope 𝑏, we also get

5 ( 415 )−(15) ( 164 )
b=
5 ( 55 ) −(15)2
b=-7.7

The equation of the regression line y'= a + bx is y' = 55.9+-7.7, where the slope
is -7.7 and the y-intercept is 55.9. The y-intercept is the value you get when
𝑥=0. That is, it is the value at some point where the line intersects the y-axis.

What I have Learned Pg.5

1. Find out if a relationship between the variables exists and test its
significance

2. A relationship between the variables exist and the relationship is significant

3. Conducting regression analysis would be pointless.

4. It tells the average change in the value of y in every unit of change in the
value of x.

Assessment Pg.6

1. B

2. D

3. C

4. C

5. C

Lesson 2.

What I know Pg.8

1. D

2. B

3. D

4. B

5. C

What I Have Learned Pg.12

1. Never use a least-squares regression line to make predictions outside the
scope of the model because we can't be sure the linear relation continues to
exist. That means that if the residual is positive, then the observed value must
be greater than the predicted value.

2. -I collected these data for a study with 92 middle school girls.

-I’ve calculated the BMI using the height and weight measurements.

What I Can Do Pg.12

1.)

Braking
Vehicle MPH Distance xy X2
(ft)
1 20 20 400 400
2 30 45 1350 900
3 40 81 3240 1600
4 50 133 6650 2500
5 60 205 12300 3600
6 80 411 32880 6400
N=6 ∑x=280 ∑y=895 ∑xy=56820 ∑x =15400
2

Solving for the y-intercept 𝑎, we get

( 895 ) (15400 )−(280)(56820)
a=
6 (15400 )−(280)2
a= -151.9

Solving for the slope 𝑏, we also get

6 ( 56820 )−( 280) ( 15400 )
b=
6 ( 15400 )−(280)2
b= -283.65
2.) The equation of the regression line y'= a + bx is y' = -151.0+-283.65, where
the slope is -283.65 and the y-intercept is -151.9. The y-intercept is the value
you get when 𝑥=0. That is, it is the value at some point where the line
intersects the y-axis.

3.) Braking distance of 45 mph is 45*3.25 =146.25-45 =101.25.

4.) Braking distance of 100 mph is 100*6 =600-100 =500.

5.) It’s not illegal if we proceed on prediction, because prediction within the
range of values in the data set used for model-fitting is known informally as
interpolation. Prediction outside this range of the data is known as
extrapolation.

Assessment Pg.13

1. D

2. D

3. D

4. C

5. C