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Tuuh Rqy Orlyk: I×Pe% Ikb%
Tuuh Rqy Orlyk: I×Pe% Ikb%
Tuuh Rqy Orlyk: I×Pe% Ikb%
in
i×pe% ikB%
tuuh rqY;oRlyk
çLrqrks¿;a ikB% egf"kZons O;klfojfprL; ,sfrgkfldxzUFkL; egkHkkjrkUrxZrL; ¶ouioZ¸
bR;r% x`ghr%A b;a dFkk los"Z kq çkf.k"kq len`f‘Hkkouka çcks/;frA vL;k% vHkhfIlr%
vFkks¿Z fLr ;n~ lekts fo|ekuku~ nqcy
Z ku~ çkf.ku% çR;fi ekrq% okRlY;a çd"ks.Z kSo HkofrA
df'pr~ Ñ"kd% cyhonkZH;ka {ks=kd"kZ.ka oqQoZUuklhr~A r;ks% cyhonZ;ks% ,d% 'kjhjs.k nqcy Z %
tosu xUrqe'kDr'pklhr~A vr% Ñ"kd% ra nqcy Z a o`"kHka rksnusu uq|eku% vorZrA l% Í"kHk%
gyew<o~ k xUrqe'kDr% {ks=ks iikrA ozQq ¼% Ñ"khoy%
reqRFkkif;rqa cgqokje~ ;RuedjksrA~ rFkkfi o`"k%
uksfRFkr%A
HkwekS ifrrs Loiq=ka n`"V~ok loZ/us uw ka ekrq%
lqjHks% us=kkH;keJwf.k vkfojklu~A lqjHksfjekeoLFkka
n`"V~Okk lqjkf/i% rkei`PNr~&¶vf; 'kqHks! fdesoa
jksfnf"k\ mP;rke~¸ bfrA lk p
fofuikrks u o% df'pn~ n`';rs f=kn'kkf/i!A
vga rq iq=ka 'kkspkfe] rsu jksfnfe dkSf'kd!AA
¶Hkks oklo! iq=kL; nSU;a n`"V~ok vga jksfnfeA l% nhu bfr tkuUufi Ñ"kd% ra cgq/k
ihM;frA l% ÑPNª.s k Hkkjeq}gfrA brjfeo /qja oks<qa l% u 'kDuksfrA ,rr~ Hkoku~ i';fr
u\¸ bfr izR;okspr~A
¶Hknz!s uwue~A lglzkf/osQ"kq iq=ks"kq lRLofi ro vfLeUuso ,rkn`'ka okRlY;a dFke~\¸
bfr bUnz.s k i`"Vk lqjfHk% izR;okspr~ &
2019-2020
www.ncertpdf.in
fofp=k% lk{kh 41
'kCnkFkkZ%
cyhonkZH;ke~ & o`"kHkkH;ke~ & nks cSyksa ls & By two bullocks
{ks=kd"kZ.ke~ & {ks=kL; d"kZ.ke~ & [ksr dh tqrkbZ & Plough the field
tosu & rhozxR;k & rhozxfr ls & With speed
rksnusu & d"Viznkusu & d"V nsus ls & By torturing
uq|eku% & cysu uh;eku% & /osQyk tkrk gqvk] & Being pulled
gk¡dk tkrk gqvk
gyew<~ok & gye~ mRFkkI; & gy mBkdj] gy <ksdj& Carrying the
plough
iikr & HkwekS virr~ & fxj x;k & Fell down
Ñ"khoy% & Ñ"kd% & fdlku & Farmer
mRFkkif;rqe~ & mifj usrqe~ & mBkus osQ fy, & To uplift
2019-2020
www.ncertpdf.in
2019-2020
www.ncertpdf.in
fofp=k% lk{kh 43
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mÙkja fy[krµ
(d) o`"kHk% nhu% bfr tkuUufi d% ra uqn~;eku% vklhr~\
([k) o`"kHk% oqQ=k iikr\
(x) nqcZys lqrs dL;k% vf/dk o`Qik Hkofr\
(?k) d;ks% ,d% 'kjhjs.k nqcZy% vklhr~\
(Ä) p.Mokrsu es?kjoS'p lg d% letk;r\
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[krµ
(d) Ñ"kd% foaQ djksfr Le\
([k) ekrk lqjfHk% fdeFkZe~ vJwf.k eq×pfr Le\
(x) lqjfHk% bUnzL; iz'uL; fdeqÙkja nnkfr\
2019-2020
www.ncertpdf.in
2019-2020
www.ncertpdf.in
fofp=k% lk{kh 45
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
egkHkkjr esa vusd ,sls izlax gSa tks vkt osQ ;qx esa Hkh mikns; gSaA egkHkkjr osQ ouioZ ls yh
xbZ ;g dFkk u osQoy euq";ksa vfirq lHkh tho&tUrqvksa osQ izfr len`f"V ij cy nsrh gSA lekt
esa nqcy
Z yksxksa vFkok thoksa osQ izfr Hkh ek¡ dh eerk izxk<+ gksrh gS] ;g bl ikB dk vfHkizrs gSA
izLrqr ikB~;ka'k egkHkkjr ls mn~/`r gS] ftlesa eq[;r% O;kl }kjk /`rjk"Vª dks ,d dFkk osQ
ekè;e ls ;g lans'k nsus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd rqe firk gks vkSj ,d firk gksus osQ
2019-2020
www.ncertpdf.in
ukrs vius iq=kksa osQ lkFk&lkFk vius Hkrhtksa osQ fgr dk [k;ky j[kuk Hkh mfpr gSA bl izlax
esa xk; osQ ekr`Ro dh ppkZ djrs gq, xksekrk lqjfHk vkSj bUnz osQ laokn osQ ekè;e ls ;g
crk;k x;k gS fd ekrk osQ fy, lHkh lUrku cjkcj gksrh gSaA mlosQ ân; esa lcosQ fy,
leku Lusg gksrk gSA bl dFkk dk vk/kj egkHkkjr] ouioZ] n'ke vè;k;] 'yksd la[;k 8
ls 'yksd la[;k 16 rd gSA egkHkkjr osQ fo"k; esa ,d 'yksd izfl¼ gS]
/esZ vFksZ p dkes p eks{ks p Hkjr"kZHkA
;fngkfLr rnU;=k ;UusgkfLr u rr~ Dofpr~AA
vFkkZr~& /eZ] vFkZ] dke vkSj eks{k bu iqjQ"kkFkZ&prq"V; osQ ckjs esa tks ckrsa ;gk¡ gSa os rks
vU;=k fey ldrh gSa] ij tks oqQN ;gk¡ ugha gS] og vU;=k dgha Hkh miyC/ ugha gSA
mijksDr ikB esa ekuoh; ewY;ksa dh ijkdk"Bk fn[kkbZ xbZ gSA ;|fi ekrk osQ ân; esa
viuh lHkh lUrfr;ksa osQ izfr leku izse gskrk gS] ij tks detksj lUrku gksrh gS mlosQ izfr
mlosQ eu esa vfr'k; izse gksrk gSA
ekr`egÙofo"k;d 'yksdµ
ukfLr ekr`lek Nk;k] ukfLr ekr`lek xfr%A
ukfLr ekr`lea =kk.ka] ukfLr ekr`lek fiz;kAA
& osnO;kl
mikè;k;kUn'kkpk;Z vkpk;sZH;% 'kra firkA
lglza rq fir`u~ ekrk] xkSjos.kkfrfjP;rsAA & euqLe`fr
2019-2020
www.ncertpdf.in
fofp=k% lk{kh 47
2019-2020