Acceptance Criteria For Weld of All Code and Standard Prepared by Sadam

Sadam hussain, D.M.E, AWS – CWI, ASNT LEVEL II. Email Id: sadam1991m@gmail.
com
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Acceptance criteria for weld of all code and standard
ASME SECTION IX, WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATIONS ARTICLE II (QW-

200.2)
PQR – Procedure qualification record and to ensure mechanical properties.
Essential variable of PQR:
It will affect the mechanical properties of the weldment and shall be require
requalification of the WPS. (P.number, F.number, A.number, Thickness, Position)
Non- Essential variable PQR:
It will not affect the mechanical properties of the weldment and shall not be require
requalification of the WPS. (Joint design, Current fluctuation, diameter, with or
without backing)
Essential variable of WQT (QW-350, QW-351) from page no.73:
1 It will affect the welder ability of the weldment and shall be require requalification of
welder qualification test. (P.number, F.number, Thickness, diameter, Position, with
or without backing)
Non-Essential variable of WQT:
It will not affect the welder ability and shall not be require requalification of the welder
qualification test. (A.number, Current fluctuation, joint design)
RETEST AND RENIVAL OF QUALIFICATION, (QW-320)
Expiration and renewal of qualification for Welder id, (QW-322):
Valid of welder id for 6 month only as per standard.
When WQT test welding inspector should not allow to grinding to welder at the center of
the weld whereas we will allow to grinding in root pass, corner of the weld and starting
point.
Who failed in welder qualification test and we can do WQT again after proper training.
If welder is working at same place and no need to require requalification.
Sadam hussain, D.M.E, AWS – CWI, ASNT LEVEL II. Email Id: sadam1991m@gmail.com
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If anyone welder has passed in visual inspection and his test specimen will send to
radiographic test after if we get his radiographic test report then to be submit their all
report to client.
If welder pass in RT test and mechanical test and client will be approve for his welder to
start the welding.
We can prepare welder qualification test from ASME SEC IX, AWS D1.1, API 1104,
AWS D1.2
Weld deposit thickness of PQR:
Maximum 2t for example see below
Root = 2mm
Hot pass, Fill up, Cap = 8mm
Total 10mm x 2t = 20mm.
We can prepare several WPS from this PQR and we can prepare within this thickness
range.
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ARTICLE I WELDING GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (ASME SEC IX)
All acceptance criteria including in this subject such as mechanical test acceptance
criteria and weld from page number (15 to 26).
Visual inspection of welder qualification test in ASME SEC IX (QW-194):
Performance test coupon shall show no cracks and complete joint penetration with
complete fusion of weld metal and base metal.
Visual inspection of Liquid penetrant test in ASME SEC IX (QW-195, QW-195.1,

QW-195.2, QW-195.2.1, QW-195.2.2):
Visual inspection of Radiographic test in ASME SEC IX (QW-190, QW-191.1, QW-

191.1.2.2):
Visual inspection of Ultrasonic test in ASME SEC IX (QW-191.1,QW-191.2.1):
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BASE METAL GROUPINGS (QW-420):
Base Metal Welding Brazing

Steel and Steel Alloys P.No.1 through to P.No.15F P.No.101 through to
P.No.103
Aluminum and Aluminum- P.No.21 through to P.No.26 P.No.104 and P.No.105
base Alloys
Copper and Copper-Base P.No.31 through to P.No.35 P.No.107 and P.No.108
Alloys
Nickel and Nickel-base P.No.41 through to P.No.49 P.No.110 through to
Alloys P.No.112
Titanium and Titanium- P.No.51 through to P.No.53 P.No.115
base Alloys
Zirconium and Zirconium- P.No.61 and P.No.62 P.No.117
base Alloys
Alternate Base Materials for Welder qualification from Page No.161 in ASME
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SECTION IX, (QW-423), (QW-423.1)
Base Metal for Welder Qualification Qualified Production Base Metal

P.No.1 through to P.No.15F, P.No.34, or P.No.1 through to P.No.15F, P.No.34, or
P.No.41 through to P.No.49 P.No.41 through to P.No.49
P.No.21 through to P.No.26 P.No.21 through to P.No.26
P.No.51 through to P.No.53, or P.No.61 or P.No.51 through to P.No.53 and P.No.61
P.No.62 and P.No.62
Any unassigned metal to the same The unassigned metal to itself
unassigned metal
Any unassigned metal to any P. No metal The unassigned metal to any metal
assigned to the same P. No as the
qualified metal
Any unassigned metal to any other The unassigned metal to the second
unassigned metal unassigned metal
BASE METALS USED FOR PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION (QW-424), (QW-424.1)
If we study this and we will get Base Metal Qualification for Procedure Qualification.
ALTERNATE F-NUMBER FOR WELDER PREFORMANCE QUALIFICATION (QW-

433)
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The following tables identify filler wire or electrode that the welder used during
qualification test as Qualified With electrode or filler metals that the welder is qualified to
use production welding as Qualified For See Table QW-432 for the F-Number
assignments.
Qualifi F.No. F.No. F.No. F.No. F.No. F.No. F.No. F.No. F.No. F.No.
ed 1 with 1 2 with 2 3 with 3 4 with 4 5 with 5
with → backi witho backi witho backi witho backi witho backi witho
Qualifi ng ut ng ut ng ut ng ut ng ut
ed for backi backi backi backi backi
↓ ng ng ng ng ng
F.No.1
with
backin X X X X X X X X X X
g
F.No.1
with X
backin
g
F.No.2
with
4 backin X X X X X X
g
F.No.2
withou
t X
backin
g
F.No.3
with X X X X
backin
g
F.No.3
withou X
t
backin
g
F.No.4
with X X
backin
g
F.No.4
withou X
t
4
5
backin
g
F.No.5
with X X
backin
g
F.No.5
with X
backin
g
Qualified with Qualified for
Any F-No. 6 All F-No.6 ((Note1))
Any F-No. 21 through F-No. 26 All F-No. 21 through F-No. 26
Any F.No.31, F.No.32,F.No.33,F.No.35, Only the same F-number as was used

F.No.36, F.No.37 during the qualification test
F.No.34, any F-No. 41 through F-No. 46 F-No.34, and all F-No. 41 through F-No.
5 46
Any F-No. 51 through F-No. 55 All F-No. 51 through F-No. 55
Any F-No. 61 All F-No.61
Any F-No. 71 through F-No. 72 Only the same F-number as was used
during the qualification test
Note
(1) Deposited weld metal made using a bare rod not covered by an SFA
specification which conform to an analysis listed in Table QW-442 shall be
considered to be classified as F-No.6.
B31.3 of Process Piping Acceptance criteria
341.3 Examination Requirements
341.3.1 General about this detail from page no. (77 to 78)
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(a) For P-Nos. 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 5C and 15E materials examination shall be performed after
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complete of the heat treatment. However, examinations need not be repeated on welds
or portion of welds that are subjected to additional heat treatments and have not been
repaired by welding.
(b) For a branch connection the examination of and any necessary repairs to the
pressure-containing weld shall be completed before welding any reinforcing pad or
saddle is added.
341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria
Acceptance criteria shall be as stated in engineering design and shall at least meet the
applicable requirements stated below. (a) wleds
(1) For radiographic and visual See Table 341.3.2

(2) For Magnetic particle, See Para 344.3.2
(3) For Liquid penetrant, See Para 344.4.2
(4) For Ultrasonic, See Para 344.6.2
(b) Castings
6 Acceptance criteria for Castings are specified in para. 302.3.3
Examination-Normal Fluid Service (341.4.1 from page number 78 to 83)
At least 5% of fabrication for weld's each welder and welding operators shall be
represented.
100% of fabrication for longitudinal weld's except those in components in accordance

with a listed specification. See Para. 341.5.1 for examination longitudinal welds required
to have a joint factor, E j of 0.90
Random examination of the assembly threated, bolted and other joints to satisfy the
examiner that they conform to the applicable requirements of Para. 335. When
pneumatic testing is to be performed all threated, bolted and other mechanical joints
shall be examined.
Random examination during erection of piping, including checking of alignment,

supports, and cold spring.
Examination-Category D Fluid Service (341.4.2 from page no. 83)
For visual examination, See Para 344.4.2
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Acceptance criteria are as stated in para 341.3.2, for Category D Fluid Service, unless
otherwise specified.
Examination-Severe Cyclic Conditions (341.4.2 from page no. 83)
Acceptance criteria are as stated in para 341.3.2, for Category D Fluid Service, unless
otherwise specified.
All circumferential butt and milter groove weld and all fabricated branch connection weld
comparable to those shown in fig 328.5.4E shall be examined by 100% radiography in
accordance with para 344.5, 100% Ultrasonic examination in accordance with para
344.6. Socket weld and branch connection weld that are not radiographed shall be
examined by magnetic particle and liquid penetrant methods in accordance with
para.344.3 or 344.4.
In-processes examination in accordance with para 344.7,
Examination - Elevated Temperature Fluid service (341.4.4 from page no. 83)
Fabrication for Longitudinal and spiral welds P-No.4, P-No.5 Materials shall be
examined by 100% radiography test in accordance with para 344.5 by 100% Ultrasonic
7 test in accordance with para. 344.6.
Socket weld and branch connection weld in P-No.4, P-No.5 materials that are not
radiographed or ultrasonically examined shall be examined by magnetic particle and
liquid penetrant methods in accordance with para.344.3 or 344.4.
Spot Radiography (341.5.1 from page.No. 84)
Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal butt weld for maximum allowance of

reinforcement:
For weld thickness Maximum height of reinforcement
< 6mm (1/4 in) < 1.5mm (1/16 in)
> 6mm (1/4 in) to 13mm (1/2 in) < 3mm (1/8 in)
> 13mm (1/2 in) to 25mm (1/2 in) < 4mm (5/32 in)
> 25mm (1 in) < 5mm (5/16 in)
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Normal category M fluid service:

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Types of weld
Girth, milter groove & branch of defect imperfection (note 2)
Crack (A) (VT, RT, MT, UT (√)) – Not permitted
Lack of fusion (A) (VT, RT (√)) – Not permitted
Incomplete penetration (B), (VT, RT (√))
Depth of incomplete penetration - <1mm (1/32in) and < 0.2 Tw
Cumulative length of incomplete penetration - < 38mm (1.5in) in any 150mm (6in)
weld length or 25% of the weld length whichever is less.
Internal porosity (E) (RT (√))
Size and distribution of internal porosity – For Tw < 6mm (1/4in), limit is same as D
For Tw > 6mm (1/4in), limit is 1.5 X D

8 Internal slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication (G) (RT (√))
Individual length – < 2 Tw
Individual width – < 3mm (1/8 in.) and < Tw/2
Cumulative length – 4Tw in any 150 mm (6 in), weld length
Undercutting (H) (VT, RT (√))
Depth of undercut - < 1mm (1/32 in.) and < Tw/4
Surface porosity or exposed slag inclusion (note 5) (A) (VT (√)) – Not permitted
Surface finish (N/A) (VT (√)) – Not applicable
Concave root surface (suck up) (K) (VT, RT (√))
Depth of root surface concavity – Total joint thickness, incl. weld rein., > Tw
Weld reinforcement or internal protrusion (L) (VT (√)) – mentioned

above this value
Longitudinal groove weld of defect imperfection (note 3)
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Crack (A) (VT, RT, MT, UT (√))

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– Not permitted
Incomplete penetration (A) (VT, RT (√)) – Not permitted
Internal porosity (E) (RT (√))
Size and distribution of internal porosity – For Tw < 6mm (1/4in), limit is same as D
For Tw > 6mm (1/4in), limit is 1.5 X D
Internal slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication (G) (RT (√))
Individual length – < 2 Tw
Individual width – < 3mm (1/8 in.) and < Tw/2
Cumulative length – 4Tw in any 150 mm (6 in), weld length
Undercutting (A) (VT, RT (√)) – Not permitted
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Surface finish (VT (√)) – Not applicable
Concave root surface (K) (suck up) (VT, RT (√))

above this value
Fillet of defect imperfection (note 4)
Incomplete penetration (VT, RT (√)) – Not applicable
Internal porosity (RT (√)) – Not applicable
Internal slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication (RT (√)) – Not
applicable
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10
Surface finish (VT (√)) – Not applicable
Concave root surface (suck up) (VT, RT (√)) – Not applicable

above this value
Severe Cyclic Conditions
Types of weld
(1) Girth, Milter Groove &Branch Connection – Pipe Groove

(2) Longitudinal Groove – Plate Groove
(3) Fillet – Pipe and Plate
(4) Branch Connection – In pipe.
10 Girth, milter groove & branch of defect imperfection (note 2)
Internal porosity (D) (RT (√)) – See BPV

code, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 4 (Table.No.4-1 and 4-3 acceptance
criteria page number 393 of 2015 Edition) isolated indication separated from an
adjacent indication by 1in. to see figure).
Internal slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication (F) (RT (√))
Individual length – < Tw/3
Individual width – < 2.5 mm (3/32 in.) and < Tw/3
Cumulative length – <Tw in any 12 Tw, weld length
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Surface finish (J) (VT (√))

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Surface roughness - < 500 min. Ra in accordance with ASME B46.1

above this value
Internal porosity (D) (RT (√)) – See BPV

code, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 4
Internal slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication (F) (RT (√))
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Individual length – < Tw/3
Individual width – < 2.5 mm (3/32 in.) and < Tw/3
Cumulative length – <Tw in any 12 Tw, weld length
Surface finish (J) (VT (√))

above this value
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Crack (A) (VT, RT, MT, UT (√))

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– Not permitted
Incomplete penetration (N/A) (VT, RT (√)) – Not applicable
Internal porosity (N/A) (RT (√)) – Not applicable
applicable
Surface finish (J) (V (√))
Concave root surface (suck up) (N/A) (VT, RT (√)) – Not applicable

above this value
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Category D fluid Services
Types of weld
Girth, milter groove of defect imperfection
Lack of fusion (C) (VT, RT (√))
Depth of lack of fusion and incomplete penetration – < 0.2 Tw
Cumulative length of lack of fusion and incomplete penetration (Note 7) – < 38mm (1.5
in) in any 150mm (6 in) weld length or 25% of the weld length whichever is less.
Incomplete penetration (C) (VT, RT (√))
Depth of lack of fusion and incomplete penetration – < 0.2 Tw
Cumulative length of lack of fusion and incomplete penetration (Note 7) – < 38mm (1.5
in) in any 150mm (6 in) weld length or 25% of the weld length whichever is less.
12
Internal slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication (RT(√)) –

13
Not
applicable
Undercutting (I) (VT, RT (√))
Depth of undercut - < 1.5mm (1/16 in) and < (Tw/4 or 1 mm (1/32 in.))
Weld reinforcement or internal protrusion (M) (VT (√))
(Height of reinforcement or internal protrusion (Note 8) – (limit is twice the value
As described in L. Note (9) does not apply. ) Applicable for L above)

13 Crack (A) (VT, RT, MT, UT (√)) – Not permitted
applicable
13

14
Lack of fusion (N/A) (VT, RT (√)) – Not applicable
Incomplete penetration (N/A) (VT, RT (√)) – Not applicable
applicable

14 Concave root surface (N/A) (suck up) (VT, RT (√)) – Not applicable
Branch Connection of defect imperfection (note 2)
Incomplete penetration (B) (VT, RT (√))
Depth of incomplete penetration - <1mm (1/32in) and < 0.2 Tw
Cumulative length of incomplete penetration - < 38mm (1.5in) in any 150mm (6in)
weld length.
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Internal slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication (RT (√)) –

15
Not
applicable
GENERAL NOTES:
15 (a) Weld imperfections are evaluated by one or more of the types of examination
methods given, as specified in paras. 341.4.1, 341.4.2, 341.4.3, and M341.4, or
by the engineering design.
(b) N/A indicates the code does not establish acceptance criteria or does not require
evaluation of this kind of imperfection for this type of weld.
(c) Check (√) indicates examination method generally used for evaluating this kid of
weld imperfection.
(d) Ellipsis (…) indicates examination method not generally used for evaluating this
kind of weld imperfection.
Table 341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Welds and Examination Methods for Evaluating
Weld Imperfections (cont'd)
Notes:
(1) Criteria given are for required examination. More stringent criteria may be
specified in the engineering design. See also paras. 341.5 and 341.5.3.
(2) Branch connection weld includes pressure containing welds in branches and
fabricated laps.
(3) Longitudinal groove weld includes straight and spiral seam. Criteria are not
intended to apply to welds made in accordance with a standard listed in table A-1
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or Table 326.1. Alternative leak test requires examination of these welds; see
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Para. 345.9.
(4) Fillet weld includes socket and seal welds, and attachment welds for slip-on
flanges, branch reinforcement, and supports.
(5) These imperfections are evaluated only for welds < 5mm (3/16 in.) in nominal
thickness.
(6) Where two limiting value separated by ʺandʺ the lesser of the values determines
acceptance. Where two sets of values are separated by ʺorʺ the larger value is
acceptable. Tw is the nominal wall thickness of the thinner of two components
joined by a butt weld.
(7) Tightly butted unfused root faces are unacceptable.
(8) For groove welds, height is the lesser of measurements made from the surfaces
of the adjacent components; both reinforcement and internal protrusion are
permitted in a weld, for fillet welds, height is measured from the theoretical throat,
Fig 328.5.2A; internal protrusion does not apply.
(9) For welds in aluminum alloy only, internal protrusion shall not exceed the
following values:
(a) 1.5mm (1/16 in.) for thickness < 2mm (5/64in.).
(b) 2.5mm (3/32 in.) for thickness >2mm and < 6mm (1/4in.).
16 For external reinforcement and for greater thickness, see the tabulation for
symbol L.
Visual acceptance criteria for weld reinforcement of B31.1
Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal butt welds. (in table 127.4.2):
>400⁰ C (175⁰ C to 400⁰ C) (175⁰)
Thickness of base metal in mm (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm)
< 3mm (1/8 in) < (1/16 in) 2.0mm < (3/32 in) 2.5mm < (3/16 in) 5.0mm
> 3mm (1/8 in) to 5mm (3/16 in) < (1/16 in) 2.0mm < (1/8 in) 3.0mm < (3/16 in) 5.0mm
> 5mm (3/16 in) to 13mm (1/2 in) < (1/16 in) 2.0mm < (5/32 in) 4.0mm < (3/16in) 5.0mm
> 13mm (1/2 in) to 25mm (1 in) < (3/32 in) 2.5mm < (3/16 in) 5.0mm < (3/16 in) 5.0mm
> 25mm (1 in) to 50mm (2 in) < (1/8 in) 3.0mm < (1/4 in) 6.0mm < (1/4 in) 6.0mm
> 50mm (2 in) < (5/32 in) 4.0mm the greater of 1/4 in (6mm) or 1/8 times the width
Of the weld in inches. (Millimeters)
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Acceptance Criteria of Visual inspection for weld imperfection in B31.1 - (Article

17
9):
To check acceptance criteria of VT (Para no-136.4.2) in B31.1 in page.no (107)
(A) Acceptance standards. The following indications are unacceptable:
(A.1) Cracks – External surfaces.
(A.2) undercut on the surface that is greater than 1/32in (1.0mm), or encroaches
on the minimum required section thickness.
(A.3) undercut on the surfaces of longitudinal butt welds.
(A.4) weld reinforcement greater than specified in table 127.4.2.
(A.5) lack of fusion on surfaces.
(A.6) incomplete penetration (applies only when inside surface is readily accessible).
(A.7) any other linear indications greater than 3/16 in. (5.0mm) long.
(A.8) surface porosity with rounded indications having dimensions greater than
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3/16 in. (5.0mm) or four or more rounded indications separated by 1/16 in.
(2.0mm) or less edge to edge in any direction. Rounded indications are indications
that are circular or elliptical with their length less than three times their width.
We can find out this type of defect in UT:
Surface crack, surface undercut, weld reinforcement, porosity, slag inclusion, lack of
fusion, on the surface incomplete penetration. (Table 136.4.1)
Acceptance Criteria of Magnetic particle inspection for weld imperfection in B31.1

- (article 7): to check acceptance criteria of MPT (Para no -136.4.3) in B31.1 from
(page.no 107 to109)
(B) Acceptance standards. Indications whose major dimensions are greater than
1/16 in. (2.0mm) shall be considered relevant. The following relevant indication
are unacceptable:
(B.1) any cracks or linear indications.
(B.2) rounded indications with dimensions greater than 3/16 in. (5.0mm).
(B.3) four or more rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16 in. (2.0mm) or
less, edge to edge.
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(B.4) ten or more rounded indications in any 6 in2. (3870mm2) of surface with major
dimension of this area not exceed 6 in. (150mm) with the area taken in the most
unfavorable location relative to the indications being evaluated.
We can find out this type of defect in MPT:
Surface crack, surface undercut, porosity, slag inclusion, lack of fusion, on the surface
incomplete penetration. (Table 136.4.1)
Acceptance Criteria of Liquid penetrant inspection for weld imperfection in B31.1

- (article 6): to check acceptance criteria of LPT (Para no -136.4.4) in B31.1 from
(page.no 109 to110)
(A) Acceptance standards. Indications whose major dimensions are greater than
1/16 in. (2.0mm) shall be considered relevant. The following relevant indication
are unacceptable:
(B.1) any cracks or linear indications.
(B.2) rounded indications with dimensions greater than 3/16 in. (5.0mm).
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(B.3) four or more rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16 in. (2.0mm) or
less, edge to edge.
(B.4) ten or more rounded indications in any 6 in2. (3870mm2) of surface with major
dimension of this area not exceed 6 in. (150mm) with the area taken in the most
unfavorable location relative to the indications being evaluated.
We can find out this type of defect in LPT:
Surface crack, surface undercut, porosity, slag inclusion, lack of fusion, on the surface
incomplete penetration. (Table 136.4.1)
Acceptance Criteria of Radiographic inspection for weld imperfection in B31.1 -

(article 2): to check acceptance criteria of RT (para no -136.4.5) in B31.1 in
(page.no 110)
(A) Acceptance standards welds that are shown by radiography to have any of
the following types of discontinuities are unacceptable:
(A.1) any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.
(A.2) any other elongated indication that has a length greater than.
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(A.2.1) 1/4 in. (6.0mm) for t up to 3/4 in (19.0mm), inclusive.

19
(A.2.2) 1/3 in for t from 3/4 in. (19.0mm) to 2 ¼ in (57.0mm), inclusive.
(A.2.3) ¾ in. (19.0mm) for t over 2 ¼ in. (57.0mm). Where t is the

thickness of the thinner portion of the weld.
NOTE: t referred to in (A.2.1), (A.2.2) and (A2.3) above pertains to the thickness of
the being examined; if a weld joints two members having different thickness at the
weld, t is the thinner of these two thicknesses.
(A.3) any group of indications in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in
a length of 12t, except where the distance between the successive indications
exceeds 6L where L is the longest indication in the group.
(A.4) porosity excess of that shown as acceptable in non-mandatory Appendix

A, A-250 of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
(A.5) root concavity when there is an abrupt change in density, as indicated on the
19 radiograph.
We can find out this type of defect in RT:
Surface crack, internal crack, surface undercut, weld reinforcement, porosity, slag
inclusion, lack of fusion, on the surface incomplete penetration. (Table 136.4.1)
Acceptance Criteria of Ultrasonic inspection for weld imperfection in B31.1 -

(article 2): to check acceptance criteria of UT (Para no -136.4.6) in B31.1 in
(page.no 110)
(B) Acceptance standards welds that are shown by ultrasonic examination to

have discontinuities that produce an indication greater than 20% of the
reference level shall be investigated to extant that ultrasonic examination
personnel can determine their shape, identity, and location so that they may
evaluate each discontinuity for acceptance in accordance with (B.1) and
(B.2) below.
(B.1) discontinuities evaluated as being cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete

penetration are unacceptable regardless of length.
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20
(B.2) other discontinuities are unacceptable if the indication exceeds the
reference level and their length exceeds the following.
(B.2.1) 1/4 in. (6.0mm) for t up to 3/4 in (19.0mm).
(B.2.2) 1/3 in for t from 3/4 in. (19.0mm) to 2 ¼ in (57.0mm).
(B.2.3) ¾ in. (19.0mm) for t over 2 ¼ in. (57.0mm).Where t is the

thickness of the weld being examined. If the weld joints two members having
different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these two thicknesses.
We can find out this type of defect in UT:
Surface Crack, Internal Crack, Slag inclusion, lack of fusion, incomplete

penetration. (Table 136.4.1)
Arc strike:
Arc strikes outside the area intended weld should be avoided on any base
20 metal. It is mentioned (127.4.1).
Fabrication, Assembly and Erection of B31.1 from (page no.81 to 105)

to study for weld joints:
Internal alignment
Internal alignment shall not be exceed or limited to 2mm (1/16 in)

It is mentioned (in table no.127.3).
External alignment shall not be exceed or limited to 3mm (1/8 in)
Girth butt weld
Concavity – 1.0mm (1/32in)

Undercut – 1.0mm (1/32in)
It is mentioned (In table 127.4.2).
Socket weld (page.no.81, para.no.127.3)
20
21
In assembly of the joint before welding, the pipe or the tube shall be inserted
into the socket to the maximum depth and withdrawn approximately (1/16in).
(2.0mm) away from contact between the end of the pipe and the shoulder of
the socket. (See fig. 127.4.4 (B) and (C)). In sleeve type – joints without
internal shoulder, there shall be a distance of approximately (1/16 in).
Between the butting ends of the pipe or tube.
The fit between the socket and pipe shall conform to applicable standards
for socket welding fittings and in no case shall the inside diameter of the
socket or sleeve exceed the outside diameter of the pipe or tube by more
than (0.080 in). (2.0mm).
Welding details for slip-on socket welding flanges; some acceptable

types of flange attachment welds. (in fig 127.4.4) (B)
t n or ¼ in. (6.0mm) whichever is smaller.

t n = nominal pipe wall thickness.
X min = 1.4 X t n thickness of the hub, whichever is smaller. If we use this

21 formula we will get Leg size of weld.
Approximately (1/16 in). 2.0mm before welding. For gap
Pipe to pipe – 1.4 x t n or 2.0mm (1/16 in).
Minimum welding dimensions required for socket welding components

other than flanges (in fig 127.4.4) (C)
t n = nominal pipe wall thickness.
C x (min) = 1.09 X t n or the thickness of the wall thickness. Whichever is

smaller. If we use this formula we will get Leg size of weld.
Approximately (1/16 in). 2.0mm before welding (1/16 in). For gap
Pipe to flange – 1.09 x t or 2.0mm (1/16 in).
Calculation of Fillet weld:
Throat thickness a – 0.707 x base metal thickness (weld width)
21
22
Leg size z – 1.41 x base metal thickness (weld berth)
AWS D1.1 for Structural welding
AWS A5.32 – Specification for shielding gases.
A gas or gas mixer used for shielding shall comply with AWS A5.32, AWS A5.32M.
When mixed at the welding site suitable meters shall be used for proportioning the
gases percentage of the gases shall conform to the requirements of the WPS.
NDT – Non-Destructive Testing Examination.
Each spot test shall cover at least 4 in (100mm) of the weld length.
PT test may be performed in aluminum welding.
Base Material Details (Para 3.1) – (Page No.59)
22 Acceptance Criteria for All Mechanical Testing (from Page No. 127 to 131)
Methods of Testing Acceptance Criteria for WPS Qualification Para 4.9
Acceptance Criteria of Visual Inspection for Groove weld Para 4.9.1 and 4.9.1.1from
Page No.127 to 128
Acceptance Criteria of Visual Inspection for Fillet weld Para 4.9.1 and 4.9.1.21from
Page No.127 to 128
WPS Qualification-Production Welding Position Qualified by Plate and Pipe, Box Tube
Tests Table No.4.1 See (4.4)
WPS Qualification – CJP Groove Welds: Number and Types of Test Specimens and
Range of thickness Qualified for Diameter Qualified - See (4.5) – (Table No.4.2 Page.
No 139 to 141)
PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Qualification See (4.5) – (Table
No.4.8.1 Page. No 142 to 150)
Welder and Welding Operator Qualification-Production Welding Position Qualified by

Plate and Pipe, Box Tube Tests Table No.4.10 See (4.19.1) Page. No. 150)
22
Welder and Welding Operator Qualification – CJP Groove Welds: Number and Types of
23
Test Specimens and Range of thickness Qualified for Diameter Qualified - See
(4.19.2.1) – (Table No.4.11 Page. No 151 to 154)
Welding Personnel performance Essential Variable Changes Requiring Requalification

See 4.23 (Table No.4.12 Page.No.155)
Electrode Classification Groups (Table 4.12 See 4.23 Page.No.155)
Acceptance criteria for weld
Visual Inspection Acceptance Criteria (Table No.6.1-(6.9)-(Page.No.239))
RT Acceptance Criteria Para 6.12 from Page No.222 to 223)
Ultrasonic Acceptance-Rejection Criteria (Statically loaded Non-tubular connections)

Table 6.2 See (6.13.1 and C- 6.26.6)
Ultrasonic Acceptance-Rejection Criteria (Cyclically loaded Non-tubular connections)

Table 6.3 See (6.13.2 and C- 6.26.6)
23
AWS D1.2 for Aluminum welding of 2014 Edition
PQR – Procedure qualification record and to ensure mechanical properties.
Essential variable of PQR (Table 3.1 see 3.14 from Page no.22 to 23):
It will affect the mechanical properties of the weldment and shall be require
requalification of the WPS. (P.number, F.number, A.number, Thickness, Position)
Non- Essential variable PQR:
It will not affect the mechanical properties of the weldment and shall not be require
requalification of the WPS. (Joint design, Current fluctuation, diameter, with or
without backing)
Essential variable of WQT (Table 3.9 see 3.20 from Page no.37):
23
24
It will affect the welder ability of the weldment and shall be require requalification of
welder qualification test. (P.number, F.number, Thickness, diameter, Position, with
or without backing)
Non-Essential variable of WQT:
It will not affect the welder ability and shall not be require requalification of the welder
qualification test. (A.number, Current fluctuation, joint design)
Base Metal Group Designations (Para-No. 3.2.1) (page-No.11)
Group Designation Alloy Classification
M21 1060, 1100, 3003, Alclad 3003, 5005, 5050
M22 3004, Alclad 3004, 5052, 5154, 5254, 5454, 5652
M23 6005, 6005A, 6061, Alclad 6061, 6063, 6082, 6351
M24 2219
24 M25 5083, 5086, 5456
M26 A201.0, 354.0, C355.0, 356.0, A356.0, 357.0, A357.0,

359.0, 443.0, A444.0, 514.0, 535.0
M27 7005
Filler Metal Group Designations (Para-No. 3.2.2) (Page-No.11 to 12)
Group Designation AWS Filler Metal Classification
F21 ER1100, ER1188, R1100, R1188
F22 ER5183, ER5356, ER5554, ER5556, ER5654, R5183,

R5356, R5554, R5556, R5654
F23 ER4010, ER4043, ER4047, ER4145, ER4643, R4010,

R4043, R4047, R4145, R4643
F24 ER4009, R206.0, R357.0, R-A356.0, R-A357.0, R4009, R-

C355.0, R4011
F25 ER2319, R2319
24
25
Acceptance Criteria of Mechanical Test For WPS and WQT (from Page-No.13 to
21)
Visual Examination
Radiographic Examination
Ultrasonic Examination
Mechanical Test Examination for Bend Test, Macro Test, Fillet Break Test
For Welding Procedure Qualification
Essential Variable for WPS (Table-No.3.1, from Page No.22 to 23)
WPS Qualification – type of weld and Position Limitations See ((3.13) – (Table no.3.3
page no 26)
Number and Types of Test Specimens and Range of thickness Qualified for welder and
25
WPS Qualification – CJP Groove Welds See (3.15.4 (1) – (Table no.3.4 page no 27)
WPS Qualification – Fillet Welds See (3.15.4 (3) – (Table no.3.6 page no.31)
For Welder Qualification Test Mentioned Below
Welder Performance Qualification – type of weld and Position Limitations See (3.17.4) -
Table no.3.7 page no 32)
welding operator Qualification (3.19 and 3.19.3) – (Table no.3.8 page no 33)
Welding Personnel performance Essential Variable Changes Requiring Requalification

See 3.20 (Table No.3.9 Page.No.37)
Acceptance Criteria for Weld (from Page-No.79 to 98)
INSPECTION
This Subject for Inspection and Acceptance Criteria
Visual Examination Para (5.14) (Page-No.85) and Table (5.3)-(Page-No.88)
25
Radiographic Examination Para (5.15)-(Page-No.85) and Table (5.5)-(Page-No.89)

26
Ultrasonic Examination Para (5.16)-(Page-No.86)
API 650 TANK
ERECTION – 7 (8, 9,10 should study)
Details of radiograph method:
For the purposes of this paragraph, plate shall be considered of same thickness when the difference
their specified design thickness shall not exceed 3mm (1/8in)
Application:
The requirements of T - 285 in section V Article 2, of the ASME code are to be used only as a guide.
Before any weld repaired, the radiographs shall be submitted to the inspector with any information
requested by the inspector regarding the radiographic technique used.
26
Radiographic Standards:
Welds examined by radiography shall be judged as acceptable or unacceptable by the standards of Paragraph UW-
51(b) in SectionVIII of the ASME Code.
Radiographic inspection is required for shell course plate butt weld, annular plate butt weld and flush
type connection butt weld. Radiographic is not required following; roof plate weld, bottom plate weld,
weld joining the top angle to either the roof or shell, weld joining the shell plate to the bottom plate
weld in nozzle and manway necks made from weld, or appurtenance weld to the tank.
We should be taken radial joint 150mm (6in)
Double v welded should be taken 10% for RT.
Single v welded should be taken 50% for RT.
Group 1-To check RT 10% and we will follow to RT Check as per standard.
Group 4-To check RT 100%.
I have given this for identification and we should follow as per standard.
Maximum Reinforcement Of Weld Surface In Tank:
26
Plate thickness < 13mm (1/2in)

27
- 1.5mm allowed (1/16in) maximum thickness
of reinforcement.
Plate thickness >13mm (1/2in) to 25mm (1in) - 2.5mm allowed (3/32in) maximum thickness
of reinforcement.
Plate thickness >25mm (1in) - 3mm allowed (1/8in) maximum thickness of

reinforcement.
What is Group 4?
Temporary support may be given in tank and this support material may come from group four (4)
whereas this support should be removed after complete welding and then we will check PT test 100%.
Peaking:
Deviation (peaking) at vertical weld joint shall not exceed ½ in. Peaking at vertical joint shall be
determined a horizontal sweep board 900mm (36in) long. The sweep board shall be made to the
nominal radius of the tank.
Peaking-this is need for fit-up inspection and to check Vertical position.
27 Banding:
Deviation (banding) at horizontal weld joint shall not exceed ½ in. Banding at horizontal joint shall be
determined using a straight vertical sweep board 900mm (36in) long.
Banding- this is need for fit-up inspection and to check Horizontal position.
When we check this at that time gap should not come in tank.
Wood scale is available to check this type of fit-up. This scale already has bend in accordance with
curvature. We will turn this scale to check vertical, horizontal fit-up.
Plumpness:
Plumps measurement have to check from top side to down side tank area and 100mm steel rod give to
check for dimension of tank.
PROCESSES OF WELDING IN TANK:
SAW WELDING-Submerged Arc Welding and also Gas metal arc welding, Flux cored arc welding, Electro
gas welding and Electro slag welding. SAW welding is used highly.
Long seam weld- It may come on the bottom plate.
Short seam weld-It may come on the bottom plate.
27
28
Horizontal welding or circumferential welding will come on the plate and how to find Plate thickness,
length and width. Dimension may be mention in this order such as T . W . L and with it heat number also
is available in this plate.
T- Thickness,
W- Width,
L- Length,
Heat Number.
According to plate we should make Butt weld and Annular plate also like that but Bottom plate Should
make weld fillet weld and then Roof plate also fillet weld. Lap joint should come in bottom plate.
What are the joint in tank?
Vertical joint and horizontal in the shell, bottom joints, shell to bottom joints, wind-girder joints, and
roof and top angle joints shall conform to 5.1.5,
Almost this two type of joint may be come.
BUTT JOINT
28
Longitudinal welding – LD is short name.
LAP JOINT
Fillet weld.
Material of Plate:
ASTM A 36 – we have used this plate on the tank.
ASTM A 516 – Visual inspection of this material we can check after complete welding.
ASTM A 514, ASTM A 709 and ASTM A 517 It is high hardness material because already this material
heat treated for times. Visual inspection should be done after 48 hours of complete welding. Delayed
cracking may be come in this material.
Preheat of Group I, II, III, IIIA Within 75mm
T < 32 - 0⁰
32 < t < - 40⁰
T > 40 - 93⁰
28
Preheat of Group IV, IV A, V, VI With in 75mm

29
T < 32 - 0⁰
32 < t < - 40⁰
T > 40 - 93⁰
Limitation of diameter for Low hydrogen electrode in tank
Low hydrogen electrode diameter shall be 3mm maximum allowable in tank as per standard API 650.
Low hydrogen shall be used for all manual metal arc weld in annular ring and shell courses. Including the
attachment of the first shell course to bottom plate or annular plates. As follows;
Where the plate material are12.5 than thickness and made a material from I, III.
For all thickness when the plate are made material from Group IV, IV A, V, VI.
Acceptance Criteria of Tank:
Misalignment in Tank:
29 Misalignment of Shell course plate for Greater than 16mm thickness to allow 3mm (1/8) or 10%
percentage of wall thickness whereas this two accepted in vertical joint.
Misalignment of Shell course plate for less than or equal 16mm thickness to allow 1.5mm (1/16)
Misalignment of Shell course plate for upper plate shall be limited 20% percentage of wall thickness and
when upper plate are less than 8mm shall be limited 1.5mm whereas this two accepted in Horizontal
joint or Circumferential joint. Horizontal butt weld joint when plate 4:1 are limited more than 3mm.
Stud welding procedure is limited maximum diameter 10mm.
Where a concrete ringwall is provided under the shell the top of the ring wall shall be level within
+3mm. in any 9m (30ft) of the circumference of the within +6mm (1/4 in) in total circumference
measured from the average elevation.
Where a concrete ringwall is not provided; the foundation under the shell under the shell shall be level
within +3mm (1/8in). In any 3m (10ft) of the circumference of the within +13mm (1/2 in) in total
circumference measured from the average elevation.
Where a concrete slab foundation is provided a first 0.3m of the foundation measured from the outside
of the tank radially toward the center shall comply with the concrete ringwall requirement. The
reminder of the foundation shall be within +13mm (1/2 in) of the design shape.
Tack weld:
29
Tack weld should be removed thoroughly when during full welding.

30
Double v butt weld:
If we complete one side after back side of weld should be cleaned and then we will start welding other
side.
The reverse side of double v butt weld shall be cleaned thoroughly in a manner and this cleaning may be
done by chipping, grinding, melting out.
Circumferential or vertical joints in tank shell courses constructed of material more than 40mm thick
multipass welding procedure are required, with no pass over 19mm.
The initial weld pass inside the shell shall have removed and non-welds from surface of the weld and
then examined its entire circumference prior to welding first pass outside of the shell (fit-up weld
expected) both visually and by one of the following to be agreed to by purchaser and manufacturer.
30
30

Acceptance Criteria For Weld of All Code and Standard Prepared by Sadam

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Sadam hussain, D.M.E, AWS – CWI, ASNT LEVEL II. Email Id: sadam1991m@gmail.

ASME SECTION IX, WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATIONS ARTICLE II (QW-

PQR – Procedure qualification record and to ensure mechanical properties.

Essential variable of PQR:

Non- Essential variable PQR:

Essential variable of WQT (QW-350, QW-351) from page no.73:

Non-Essential variable of WQT:

RETEST AND RENIVAL OF QUALIFICATION, (QW-320)

Expiration and renewal of qualification for Welder id, (QW-322):

Valid of welder id for 6 month only as per standard.

If welder is working at same place and no need to require requalification.

Weld deposit thickness of PQR:

Maximum 2t for example see below

Hot pass, Fill up, Cap = 8mm

Total 10mm x 2t = 20mm.

ARTICLE I WELDING GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (ASME SEC IX)

Visual inspection of welder qualification test in ASME SEC IX (QW-194):

Visual inspection of Liquid penetrant test in ASME SEC IX (QW-195, QW-195.1,

Visual inspection of Radiographic test in ASME SEC IX (QW-190, QW-191.1, QW-

Visual inspection of Ultrasonic test in ASME SEC IX (QW-191.1,QW-191.2.1):

BASE METAL GROUPINGS (QW-420):

Base Metal Welding Brazing

Base Metal for Welder Qualification Qualified Production Base Metal

BASE METALS USED FOR PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION (QW-424), (QW-424.1)

ALTERNATE F-NUMBER FOR WELDER PREFORMANCE QUALIFICATION (QW-

Qualified with Qualified for

Any F-No. 6 All F-No.6 ((Note1))

Any F-No. 21 through F-No. 26 All F-No. 21 through F-No. 26

Any F.No.31, F.No.32,F.No.33,F.No.35, Only the same F-number as was used

Any F-No. 51 through F-No. 55 All F-No. 51 through F-No. 55

Any F-No. 61 All F-No.61

B31.3 of Process Piping Acceptance criteria

341.3 Examination Requirements

341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria

(1) For radiographic and visual See Table 341.3.2

6 Acceptance criteria for Castings are specified in para. 302.3.3

Examination-Normal Fluid Service (341.4.1 from page number 78 to 83)

100% of fabrication for longitudinal weld's except those in components in accordance

Random examination during erection of piping, including checking of alignment,

Examination-Category D Fluid Service (341.4.2 from page no. 83)

For visual examination, See Para 344.4.2

Examination-Severe Cyclic Conditions (341.4.2 from page no. 83)

In-processes examination in accordance with para 344.7,

Spot Radiography (341.5.1 from page.No. 84)

B31.3 of Process Piping Acceptance criteria

Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal butt weld for maximum allowance of

For weld thickness Maximum height of reinforcement

< 6mm (1/4 in) < 1.5mm (1/16 in)

> 25mm (1 in) < 5mm (5/16 in)

Normal category M fluid service:

Girth, milter groove & branch of defect imperfection (note 2)

Crack (A) (VT, RT, MT, UT (√)) – Not permitted

Lack of fusion (A) (VT, RT (√)) – Not permitted

Incomplete penetration (B), (VT, RT (√))

Depth of incomplete penetration - <1mm (1/32in) and < 0.2 Tw

Internal porosity (E) (RT (√))

For Tw > 6mm (1/4in), limit is 1.5 X D

Individual length – < 2 Tw

Individual width – < 3mm (1/8 in.) and < Tw/2

Cumulative length – 4Tw in any 150 mm (6 in), weld length

Undercutting (H) (VT, RT (√))

Depth of undercut - < 1mm (1/32 in.) and < Tw/4