Deflection of Beams

Macaulay’s Method
Problem – 6A
 24 kN/m

A D
B C
2 2
8
Ra Rd

Analyze above beam ABCD of total span 8 meter having hinged

supports at extreme ends A and D, for slope and deflection.
Beam has UDL of 24 kN/m over the span BC as shown in the
figure above.
Find the slopes at the extreme ends and the maximum
deflection.
 24 kN/m

A D
B C
2 2
8
Ra Rd

𝒘(𝑳 − 𝟐𝒂) 𝒘(𝑳 − 𝟐𝒂)

𝑹𝒂 = = 𝟒𝟖𝒌𝑵 𝑹𝒅 = = 𝟒𝟖𝐤𝐍
𝟐 𝟐

𝒘(𝑳−𝟐𝒂)
Support Reactions 𝑹𝒂 = 𝑹𝒅 = = 𝟒𝟖𝒌𝑵
𝟐
From Similarity.
 24 kN/m

A X D
B C
x 2
𝟒𝟖𝒌𝑵 𝟒𝟖𝐤𝐍

2
8

𝑨𝑩, 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟐, 𝑴(𝒙) = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙

 24 kN/m

A B
D
X C
(x-2)/2 2
𝟒𝟖𝐤𝐍
𝟒𝟖𝒌𝑵 X-2
x
2
8

𝑩𝑪, 2 < 𝑥 < 6, 𝑀 𝑥 = 48 ∗ 𝑥 − 12 ∗ (𝑥 − 2)2

 24 kN/m

A B
D
X

𝟒𝟖𝐤𝐍
𝟒𝟖𝒌𝑵
x
2 2
8

𝑪𝑫, 𝟔 < 𝒙 < 𝟖, 𝑴 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙 − (𝟐𝟒 ∗ 𝟒) ∗ (𝒙 − 𝟒)

 24 kN/m

A X D
2 B C
2
𝟒𝟖𝒌𝑵 𝟒𝟖𝐤𝐍
8

𝑨𝑩, 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟐, 𝑴(𝒙) = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙

𝑩𝑪, 𝟐 < 𝒙 < 𝟔, 𝑴 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 ∗ (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐
𝑪𝑫, 𝟔 < 𝒙 < 𝟖, 𝑴 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙 − (𝟐𝟒 ∗ 𝟒) ∗ (𝒙 − 𝟒)
 24 kN/m 24 kN/m

A D
B C
X
(X-6)/2
𝟒𝟖𝒌𝑵 X-6
(X-2)/2
𝟒𝟖𝐤𝐍

x
2 2
8

Equal and opposite UDL forces are added and subtracted on span CD
𝑨𝑩, 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟐, 𝑴(𝒙) = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙
𝑩𝑪, 𝟐 < 𝒙 < 𝟔, 𝑴 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 ∗ (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐
𝑪𝑫, 𝟔 < 𝒙 < 𝟖, 𝑴 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟔)𝟐
 24 kN/m 24 kN/m

A D

𝟒𝟖𝐤𝐍
𝟒𝟖𝒌𝑵 B C
2 2
8

𝑨𝑩, 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟐, 𝑴(𝒙) = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙

𝑩𝑪, 𝟐 < 𝒙 < 𝟔, 𝑴 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 ∗ (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐
𝑪𝑫, 𝟔 < 𝒙 < 𝟖, 𝑴 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟔)𝟐
Macaulay’s Expression of Bending moment.

A𝑫, 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟖,

𝑴 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 ∗ [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟐 +𝟏𝟐[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟐
AD, 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟖 Macaulay’s expression.
Differential Equation of Elastic Curve.
EIy’’ 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 ∗ [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟐 +𝟏𝟐[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟐
Slope Equation
EIy’ 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪𝟏 − 𝟒 ∗ [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟑 +𝟒[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟑
Equation of Elastic Curve – Deflection equation
EIy 𝒙 = 𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝑪𝟏 ∗ 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 − [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟒 +[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟒
To find constants of integration.
Boundary Conditions are y(0) = y(8) = 0
Equation of Elastic Curve – Deflection equation
EIy 𝒙 = 𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝑪𝟏 ∗ 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 − [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟒 +[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟒
y(0) = 0 implies that 𝑪𝟐 =0
y(8)= 0
EIy 𝟖 = 𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝑪𝟏 ∗ 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 − [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟒 +[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟒 =0
EIy 𝟖 = 𝟖 ∗ 𝟖𝟑 +𝑪𝟏 ∗ 𝟖 − [𝟔]𝟒 +[𝟐]𝟒 =0
𝑪𝟏 = −𝟑𝟓𝟐
AD, 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟖 Macaulay’s expression.
Differential Equation of Elastic Curve.
EIy’’ 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐 ∗ [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟐 +𝟏𝟐[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟐
Slope Equation
EIy’ 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟓𝟐 − 𝟒 ∗ [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟑 +𝟒[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟑
Equation of Elastic Curve – Deflection equation
EIy 𝒙 = 𝟖𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟓𝟐𝒙 − [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟒 +[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟒
To find slope at point A, B, C, D. x=0, 2, 6, 8.
Slope Equation
EIy’ 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟓𝟐 − 𝟒 ∗ [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟑 +𝟒[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟑
EIy’ 𝟎 = −𝟑𝟓𝟐 = −𝟑𝟓𝟐
EIy’ 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟓𝟐 = −𝟐𝟓𝟔
EIy’ 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟓𝟐 − 𝟒 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟓𝟔
EIy’ 𝟖 = 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟓𝟐 − 𝟒 ∗ 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟑 + 𝟒 𝒙 − 𝟔 𝟑 = 𝟑𝟓𝟐
To find Deflection at points B, C and at mid span.
X=2, 6 , 4
Equation of Elastic Curve – Deflection equation
EIy 𝒙 = 𝟖𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟓𝟐𝒙 − [𝒙 − 𝟐]𝟒 +[𝒙 − 𝟔]𝟒
EIy 𝟐 = 𝟖 ∗ 𝟐𝟑 − 𝟑𝟓𝟐 ∗ 𝟐 = −𝟔𝟒𝟎
EIy 𝟒 = 𝟖 ∗ 𝟒𝟑 −𝟑𝟓𝟐 ∗ 𝟒 − 𝟒 − 𝟐 𝟒 = −𝟗𝟏𝟐
EIy 𝟔 = 𝟖 ∗ 𝟔𝟑 −𝟑𝟓𝟐 ∗ 𝟔 − 𝟔 − 𝟐 𝟒 = −𝟔𝟒𝟎
 w kN/m

A D
B C
a a
L
IMU L a w
Last
Ra Digit Rd
m m kN/m

Model 8 2 24
0 8 2 36
1 10 2 12
2 10 2 18
3 6 2 24
4 6 1 24
5 8 1 20
6 12 3 24
7 4 1 40
8 10 2 20
9 12 4 24
IMU L a w Ra Rd Constant
Last C1
Digit

m m kN/m kN/m kN/m

Model 8 2 24 48 48 -352
0 8 2 36 72 72 -528
1 10 2 12 36 36 -396
2 10 2 18 54 54 -594
3 6 2 24 24 24 -104
4 6 1 24 48 48 -184
5 8 1 20 60 60 -390
6 12 3 24 72 72 -1188
7 5 1 40 60 60 -165
8 10 2 20 60 60 -660
9 12 4 24 48 48 -832