4.

0 DISCUSSION

Based on the results of the researcher's exploration of the three interviews, the researcher has
found that there are similarities of experience in the three themes that have resulted from the
researcher's research which are facilitation, upskilling, optimize social media and continuous
improvement. Researchers have found that in the facilitation theme, every participant has had
experience in assisting their subordinate or student in either improving ICT literacy or
adaptation. As for the second theme, upskilling is needed in digital transformation because it
enables them to be more productive and capable of using technology. The social media plays
an important role as it improves communication between leaders and their followers. Lastly,
continuous improvement was also mention several times as to accelerate ICT in digital
leadership transformation changes for the better in required. Question 1 and 2 are basically on
building rapport and educational background, leader position of participants. All three
participant are TVET leaders and also educators, one of them is a professor in UTHM,
another two are lecturer, one of them from UTHM and one from Politechnic.

Question 3 focuses on the ICT literacy at work or institution. Due to the advent of
technological developments in the present, people need to upskill their ICT literacy at work.
The researchers wanted to know what action did the participants take when their staff’s
digital literacy is insufficient. Here's what they have to say about the digital literacy in the
workplace:

Participants 1;

“Understand & apply the technologies myself. Motivate & ensure the staff to explore
& apply the technologies in their work. Encourage self exploration & or send for
training courses.”

Participants 2;

“I upload all important documents for the department in Cloud – when they have
insufficient skills, I ask them to go for training related.”

“ For PnP, I encourage them to attend trainings provided by UTHM to upskill their
ICT literacy.”

Participants 3;

“As we all know, upskilling is not a new situations. My first action would be
exploring options and plays around it mainly to identify what can be used to help
upskilling process. Then it would be briefing / lnowledge transfer and also discussion
/ brainstorming process.”
In overview, it is agree that in order to upskill ICT literacy at work or institution, a leader
must apply and master the new technologies for themrselves. Then, they need to motivate
their staff to apply the technologies and send them for training if needed.

Question 4 focuses on the ICT adaptaion aspect of online management, what medium serves
as a facilitator. In reality, it enables you to communicate while maintaining a social distance.
The researchers wanted to know how participants could handle task management in a digital
environment while working. Here's what they have to say about the usefulness of digital task
management in the workplace:

Participants 1;

“Sharing / forwarding related instructions/documents to respective

groups/individuals. Monitor development using social media/email/calls periodically
according to scheduled deadlines. Appreciate being reminded by all levels in the
management team, peers and across subordinates. The objective is to get all things
done according to the expectation.”

Participants 2;

“In UTHM, we have task management web-based application called workspace, so

we can monitor staffs progress when task is assigned to them.”

Participants 3;

“First of all, ensures that related social media have been created and managed
properly. For example, website, Facebook and etc. Then we provide dedicated
platform for staff to spread information.”

In overview, it is agree that all software tools can be used in accordance with expectations,
according to these three participants. Social media optimization is also factors of adaptation.
It doesn't matter how good you are at using digital software; in the end, the work is finish.
Everything is at your fingertips, as modern folks have always stated.

Question 5 focuses on the ICT acceleration in digital leadership transformation. The

researchers wanted to know how participants could keep pace digital advancement while
leading in institution. Here's what they have to say about their movement digital
improvement management in the workplace:

Participants 1;
 “Ensure everyone in the team to be updated with the current technologies. Be open to
upgrade brainware, software and hardware in the workforce and infrastructure.
Allocate a potion of the annual budget for embracing new technologies.”

Participants 2;

“The use of virtual meetings has facilitated a lot of operation in my department.

Then, communications through Wasap has also helped in speed up the process of
communication, discussions and throwing ideas. Lastly, cloud data is really helpful to
share documents with all.”

Participants 3;

“First identify your environment and find solutions to tackle the problem. Also need
to have adapt fast to current situations. Conveys information/messages to all staff
properly and effectively so that many jobs are implemented properly.”

In overview, it is agree that all software tools can be used in accordance with expectations,
according to these three participants. Social media optimization is also factors of adaptation.
It doesn't matter how good you are at using digital software; in the end, the work is finish.
Everything is at your fingertips, as modern folks have always stated.

Question 6 focus more on the changes of technologies in education or generally we know as

ICT innovation. As we know, in education, new technologies appear on a regular basis.
Educators and students are encouraged to explore, research, and use all of the tools available
to learn something new through innovation in education. The researchers wanted to know
how participants use digital application to improve process and workforce efficiency. Here's
what they have to say about the usefulness of digital task management in the workplace:

Participants 1;

“So many Apps have been and are being developed to facilitate learning and
alleviate learning experience. Classroom (teaching and learning) environment is no
more to provide information, it is to lead students to search information and sharing
their acquired knowledge among themselves and their teachers (educators). Teachers
(educators) roles in the digital world today (IR4.0) are to set the context of
knowledge search and monitor the progress to ensure the overall objectives of education
are achieved. The teachers (educators) themselves are required to be well balanced
(religion/moral values, current society needs etc.) and knowledgeable with the new
technologies and related Apps.”
Participants 2;

“My UTHM apps provided by UTHM has significantly speed up the process of
checking the attendance for individual person, but so far I can’t use it to trace my staff
attendance.”

“Web based application ‘Workspace’ has definitely helped in improving monitoring

process and identifying workforce efficiency.”

Participants 3;

“When PKP started at 2020, the traditional teaching pedagogy methods was forced
to change to cybergogy. So this cybergogy we use various applications where before we
have an online learning system using CIDOS which is developed by the Jabatan
Pendidikan Politeknik dan Kolej Komuniti and we also use various communication
tools on the internet such as Kahoot, Quizizz and many more application for our
teaching sessions that are more interactive to students so that they are more
interested in conducting PdP sessions online, We use various platforms including with
us using now in polytechnics throughout Malaysia using Microsoft Teams and
Microsoft 360, where we can interact with students using online platform efficiently
and effectively. In addition, we can also do other activities for example webinars using
Google Classroom, Google Meet, WebEx and so on.”

In overview, all participant agreed that digital application can help them to improve process
and workforce efficiency. This shows that outside and inside of the classroom, technology
has played and continues to play an important role in delivering education to students.
Therefore, innovation in education technology makes learning more interactive, inclusive,
and impactful.
Question 7 and 8 focuses on the general action and readiness of TVET institution
management level to suit with digital transformation in leadership, where currently it is
inevitable to deal with. In fact, it has been practice for a long period of time. The researchers
wanted to know How participant prepared whether the digital transformation is working
perfectly at your organization and what action they might take to support it. Here's what they
have to say about the action and readiness of digital transformation in the workplace:

Participants 1;

“Constantly refer to the aims and objectives, vision and mission of the organization.
If the outcome of the year either progress or annual report, indicates a failure trend,
complete review and corrective measures must be done.”

“Digital transformation is imperative. There are no alternatives. Most of the younger

staff are already very receptive, well versed and skilled with the digital
transformation. Provide them the opportunities (training and facilities) to upskill,
adapt, apply and develop new techniques.”

Participants 2;

“I could not say perfect working, but we are moving forward in applying digital
transformation in our organization.”

“First is Awareness as leaders should emphasize about this in monthly meeting.

Second is Planning as the use of digital must be planned. Third is Execution whereby
leaders should walk the talk – means that he/she needs to transformed herself first
then making sure that all staff to digitize. Final is Monitoring, when all staff should
be monitored on their transformation, some could be resistant to change, words of
encouragement is a must so that they feel appreciated.”

Participants 3;

“With so many digital transformation implemented, it need a regulator. This is the

part where KPI is usefull. Proper regulator can helps ensuring digital transformation
working perfectly. Also, monitoring the educators by ensuring they would pass all
required criteria.”

“…we have to expect things and plan properly to achive objectives/missions. From
there we can execute our plan accordingly. Proper plans will empower staff thus will
benefit all party involved.”
In overview, continuous improvement is vital in leadership for digital transformation. Both
parties leaders and followers has to work together at the same pace with good communication
from all sides. As has been mention several time upskilling everyone involve in essential so
that all task will run smoothly.

In summary of this discussion, after researcher's examination of the three interviews, the
researcher discovered that the three themes that emerged from the researcher's research,
namely facilitation, upskilling, social media optimization, and continuous development, share
comparable experiences. Every participant in the facilitation topic had prior experience
supporting a subordinate or student in developing ICT literacy or adaption, according to the
researchers. Upskilling is required in digital transformation since it allows employees to be
more productive and capable of utilising technology. Since it promotes communication
between leaders and their followers, social media plays a crucial role. Finally, in order to
expedite ICT in digital leadership transformation changes for the better, continual
improvement was mentioned multiple times.