Gauss Divergence Theorem

𝐅. 𝐧 𝐝𝐬 = 𝛁. 𝐅 𝐝𝐕

𝐄𝐱. 𝟏) 𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐅. 𝐧 𝐝𝐬 , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐅 = 𝟔𝐳𝐢 + 𝟐𝐱 + 𝐲 𝐣 − 𝐱𝐤 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲

𝐱 = 𝟑, 𝐳 = 𝟑, 𝐱 = 𝟎, 𝐲 = 𝟎, 𝐲 = 𝟖 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐳 = 𝟎

Solution: We know by Gauss Divergence Theorem,

F. n ds = ∇. F dV … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (i)

∂ ∂ ∂
Now, 𝛁. 𝐅 = ∂x 6z + ∂y 2x + y + ∂z −x = 1

From (i),
3 8 3
F. n ds = 1 dz dy dx
0 0 0

3 8
3
= z 0 dy dx
0 0

3 8
= 3 dy dx
0 0

3
8
= 3y 0 dx
0

3
= 24 dx
0

3
= 24x 0 = 72

𝐄𝐱. 𝟐) 𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐅. 𝐧 𝐝𝐬 , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐅 = 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 𝐢 − 𝐲 𝟐 𝐣 + 𝟒𝐱𝐳𝐤 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲

𝐲 = 𝟑, 𝐳 = 𝟑, 𝐱 = 𝟎, 𝐱 = 𝟐, 𝐲 = 𝟎, 𝐳 = 𝟎

Solution: We know by Gauss Divergence Theorem,

F. n ds = ∇. F dV … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (i)

∂ ∂ ∂
Now, ∇. F = 2x 2 + −y 2 + 4xz = 4x − 2y + 4x = 8x − 2y
∂x ∂y ∂z
From (i),
2 3 3
F. n ds = 8x − 2y dz dy dx
0 0 0

2 3
3
= 8xz − 2yz 0 dy dx
0 0

2 3
= 24x − 6y dy dx
0 0

2 3
y2
= 24xy − 6 dx
0 2 0

2
= 72x − 27 dx
0

2
x2
= 72 − 27x
2 0

= 144 − 54 = 90

𝐚𝟒
𝐄𝐱. 𝟑) 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭, 𝐅. 𝐧 𝐝𝐬 = , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐅 = 𝟐𝐲𝐱, −𝐳𝐲, 𝐱 𝟐 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝟐

𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐱 = 𝐚, 𝐲 = 𝐚, 𝐳 = 𝐚.

Solution: We know by Gauss Divergence Theorem,

F. n ds = ∇. F dV … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (i)

∂ ∂ ∂ 2
Now, ∇. F = 2yx + −zy + x = 2y − z
∂x ∂y ∂z

From (i),
a a a
F. n ds = 2y − z dz dy dx
0 0 0

a a a
z2
= 2yz − dy dx
0 0 2 0

a a
a2
= 2ay − dy dx
0 0 2

a a
y 2 a2
= 2a − y dx
0 2 2 0
 a
a3
= a3 − dx
0 2
a
a33
= a x− x
2 0

a4 a4
= a4 − =
2 2

𝐄𝐱. 𝟒) 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭, 𝐀. 𝐧 𝐝𝐬 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝛑, 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐀 = 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟑𝐳 , −𝐱𝐳 − 𝐲 , 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐳 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞

𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐭 𝟎, 𝟎, 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬 𝟑.

Solution: We know by Gauss Divergence Theorem,

A. n ds = ∇. A dV … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (i)

∂ ∂ ∂ 2
Now, ∇. A = 2x + 3z + −xz − y + y + 2z = 2 − 1 + 2 = 3
∂x ∂y ∂z

From (i),

A. n ds = 3 dV = 3v … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (ii)

Here, v is the volume of a sphere having centre at 0,0,0 and radius 3.

4 4
∴ v = πr 3 = π(3)3 = 36π
3 3
From (ii),

A. n ds = 3.36π = 108π (proved)

H.W:

4
1) Show that, A. n ds = a + b + c π, where A = ax, by, cz and S is the surface of sphere
3

bounded by x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 .

2) Show that, F. n ds = 30, where F = 2xyi + yz 2 j + xzk and S is the surface of region bounded by

x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, x = 2, y = 1, z = 3

3
3) Show that, F. n ds = , where F = 4xzi − y 2 j + yzk and S is the surface of region bounded by
2

x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, x = 1, y = 1, z = 1