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HX-Mechanical Design Standards
HX-Mechanical Design Standards
Figure 2.1. Types of shells, front end and rear ends (TEMA classifications) [3].
2. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
2.1. Design pressure and temperature
Design pressure of a heat exchanger is the gage pressure at the top of the vessel. This
pressure is used to determine the minimum wall thickness of the various pressure parts.
The IS: 4503 species that the design pressure should at least 5% greater than the
maximum allowable working pressure. Usually a 10% higher value is used. The
maximum allowable working pressure is the gage pressure for a specified operating
temperature that is permitted for the service of the exchanger units. According the IS:
4503, the shell and tube sides pressure should be specified individually. The design
pressure specification is at 250, 120 and 65ºC for carbon steel, stainless steel and non-
ferrous metals respectively. The maximum permissible stresses for various heat
exchanger components should not be exceeded at the allowable pressure.
The design temperature is used to determine the minimum wall thickness of various parts
of the exchanger for a specified design pressure. It is normally 10ºC greater than the
maximum allowable temperature.