FEEDBACK MECHANISM

(GLUCOSE LEVEL REGULATION)

for General Biology 2 GRADE 11
Quarter 4 / Week 6

1
 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide in

understanding feedback mechanism in blood level
regulation.

In this learning kit, the learners will be able to identify

different hormones involved in lowering and raising blood
sugar. The activities included herein are simple and easy to
do. In doing so, learners will be given opportunity to
broaden their knowledge and enhance their
resourcefulness and creativity in performing the activities
provided to them.

2
OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, the learners shall be able to:

K: identify the functions of glucagon and insulin
S: discuss the process of homeostatic control via negative
feedback
A: recognize the importance of understanding
homeostasis of blood sugar level

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Explain how some organisms maintain steady internal

conditions (e.g., glucose levels) that possess various structures
and processes. (STEM_BIO11/12-IV-j-2)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

PRE-TEST

Fill in the blanks. Complete the table by filling in the appropriate word(s) from
the box below. Write your answers in your notebook.

Too high Too Low Glycogen Glucose

Sugar Goes down Goes up

Blood Pancreas Liver Effect on

glucose glucose

Insulin secreted The liver stores excess

into the blood glucose which is
(1) (4) ___________
converted into
___________
(3) ____________

Glucagon is The stored glycogen in

secreted into the liver is converted
(2) (5) ___________
the blood into glucose.
___________

3
II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

DISCUSSION

Blood glucose regulation involves maintaining blood glucose levels at

constant levels in the face of dynamic glucose intake and energy use by the
body. Glucose is key in the energy intake of humans. On average, this target
range is 60-100 mg/dL for an adult. In order to maintain this range, there are
two main hormones that control blood glucose levels: insulin and glucagon.
Insulin is released when there are high amounts of glucose in the blood stream.
Glucagon is released when there are low levels of glucose in the blood stream.
There are other hormones that effect glucose regulation and are mainly
controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. Blood glucose regulation is very
important to the maintenance of the human body.

A key regulatory pathway to control blood glucose levels is the hormone

insulin. Insulin is released from the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans found in
the pancreas. Insulin is released when there is a high concentration of glucose
in the blood stream.

Homeostatic control

The control of blood glucose is an excellent example of homeostatic

control via negative feedback. This is where the corrective response, triggered
by a deviation from normal levels, is turned off by a return to normal levels.
For example, low blood glucose results in the production of glucagon
and this raises blood glucose. Consequently, as glucose levels rise, the
stimulation to produce glucagon is turned off.

Negative feedback

In blood glucose regulation, the hormone insulin plays a key role. When
blood sugar rises in the blood, insulin sends a signal to the liver, muscles, and
other cells to store the excess glucose. Some is stored as body fat and other is
stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. If the blood glucose level is too
low, the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon. This travels to the liver in
the blood and causes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Glucose
enters the blood stream, and glucose levels increase back to normal.

ACTIVITY

4
Directions: Analyze the diagram carefully and answer the guide questions.
Write your answers in your notebook.

Source: Role of glucagon in control of blood sugar levels - Higher - Coordination and control - The human endocrine system - Edexcel -
GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize

Guide questions:

1. What hormone plays a key role in blood glucose regulation?

2. What hormone is released by the pancreas if the blood glucose level is too
low?
3. What is blood glucose regulation?

5
III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

POST-TEST
True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if incorrect. Write
your answers in your notebook.

_________1. Normal blood glucose level ranges from 150-

200 mg/dL.
_________2. When blood sugar level goes too high, the
pancreas releases glucagon into the
bloodstream.
_________3. If the blood sugar goes too low, the pancreas
releases insulin.
_________4. A condition in which your blood sugar
(glucose) level is lower than normal is called
hypoglycemia.
_________5. Islet cells in the pancreas are responsible for
releasing both insulin and glucagon.
_________6. Both insulin and glucagon work in balance to
play a vital role in regulating blood sugar
levels.
_________7. Blood sugar levels are a measure of how
effectively the body uses glucose.
_________8. The cells need glucose for energy.
_________9. The liver absorbs glucose then changes it into a
storage molecule called glycogen.
_________10. Skipping meals and poor nutrition can lower
blood sugar.

6
 REFERENCES

How insulin and glucagon regulate blood sugar. Last modified March 29,
2019. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316427

Normal regulation of blood glucose”. Last modified March 2, 2016.

https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/diabetes/normal-regulation-
blood-glucose

Understanding the processes behind the regulation of blood glucose. Last

modified April 20, 2004.
https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinicalarchive/nutrition/understanding-the-
processes-behind-the-regulation-of-blood-glucose-20-04-2004/

Seeley, R. T. et al. 2007. Essentials of anatomy and physiology, 9th ed. p 492

7
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

CHARISMA A. ERMITA
WRITER

IVANNE RAY A. GIDOR

LAYOUT ARTIST
_________________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR
MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO
ANDRE ARIEL B. CADIVIDA
THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO

BETA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR
JOAN Y. BUBULI
LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA
PETER PAUL A. PATRON
THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO
DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning
competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and
illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be
reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

8
SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY

Together, insulin and glucagon help maintain a PRE-TEST

1. Too high
state called homeostasis in which conditions inside the 2. Too low
body remain steady. When blood sugar is too high, the 3. Glycogen
pancreas secretes more insulin. When blood sugar 4. Goes down
5. Goes up
levels drop, the pancreas releases glucagon to raise
them. Activity
1. insulin
Both hormones work in balance to play a vital 2. glucagon
3. Blood glucose regulation
role in regulating blood sugar levels. If the level of one involves maintaining blood
hormone is higher or lower than the ideal range, blood glucose levels at constant
sugar levels may spike or drop. levels in the face of dynamic
glucose intake and energy use
by the body.
This balance helps provide sufficient energy to
the cells while preventing the nerve damage that can POST-TEST
result from consistently high levels of blood sugar. 1. False
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. True
10. True

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

CHARISMA A. ERMITA finished her Bachelor of Science in Nursing at
Foundation University and Bachelor of Science in Secondary
Education major in Biological Science at Saint Francis College,
Guihulngan City. She is currently teaching at Jose B. Cardenas
Memorial High School, Senior High School Department since August
2018. She is also the school nurse in the same school.