Central Bicol State University of Agriculture-Calabanga Campus

College of Education
1st Semester, A/Y 2021-2022

GEC 2-
MATHEMATICS IN
THE MODERN WORLD
(MODULE 3 WEEK 7-9)

Arabella C. Brugada
BEED -1A
Joseph Pepito Abalayan
Instructor
 3.1 INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING

o Try this!
Use Inductive reasoning to predict the next number in each of the following list.

1. 4, 8, 16, 24, 32?

➢ Each successive number is 4 larger than the preceding number. Thus,
we predict that the next number in the list is 4 larger than 32, which
is 40.

2. 11, 13,16, 20, 25?

➢ The first two numbers differ by 2. The second and the third numbers
differ 3. It appears that the difference between any two number is
always 1 more than the preceding difference. Since 20 and 25 differ
5, we predict that the next number in the list will be 6 larger than
25, which is 31.

3. 6, 8, 10, 12, 14?

➢ Each successive number is 2 larger than the preceding number. Thus,
we predict that the next number in the list is 12 larger than 14,
which is 16.

o Try this!
1. Pick a number, multiply the number by 10 add 4 to the product, divide the
sum by 2, and subtract 5.
➢ Let n represent the original number
Multiply the number by 10: 10n
Add 4 to the product: 10n + 4
Divide the sum by 2: 10n + 4 = 5n + 2
2
Subtract 5: 5n + 2 – 5 = 2n

➢ We started with n and ended with 2n. The problem given below
produces number that is two times the original numbers.
2. Pick a number, multiply the number by 6 add 4 to the product, divide the sum
by 2, and subtract 3.

➢ Let n represent the original number

Multiply the number by 6: 6n
Add 4 to the product: 6n + 4
Divide the sum by 2: 6n + 4 = 3n + 2
2
Subtract 3: 3n + 2 – 3 = 2n

➢ We started with n and ended with 2n. The problem given below
produces number that is two times the original numbers.

COUNTEREXAMPLES

o Try this!
Verify that each of the following statements is a false statement by finding a
counter example.
For all numbers x:

1. |x³| > 0
➢ Let x = 0. Then |0| = 0, because 0 is not greater to 0 we have found a
counter example “for all number x, |x³| > 0” is a FALSE STATEMENT.

2. X³ > x
➢ For x = 1, we have 1³ =1. Since 1 is not greater than 1, we have found
a counter example. Thus, “for all number x, x³>x” is a FALSE
STATEMENT.

3. √x³ = x
➢ Consider x = 4. Then √ (-4) ³ = √64 = 8. Since 8 is not to 4, we have found a
counter example. Thus, “for all example √x³ = x” is a FALSE STATEMENT.
 PROBLEM SOLVING WITH PATTERNS

o Try this!
1. Use a difference table to predict the next term in the sequence.
1, 14, 51, 124, 245, 246, ...

Seq. = Sequence
F.D. = First Differences
S.D. = Second Differences
T.D. = Third Differences
➢ The third differences, shown in row 3, are all constant, 12.
Extending row (3) so that it includes an additional 12 enables us
to predict that the next second difference will be 144. Adding 144
to the first difference which is 181 gives us the next first
difference, 325. Adding 253 to the sixth term, 426 yields 679.
Using the method of extending the difference table, we predict
that 679 is the next term in sequence.
 PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES

o Try this!
Apply Polya’s Strategy

1. A baseball team won two out of their last four games. In how many
different orders could they have two wins and two losses in four games?

Understand the problem. When baseball team won two out of four
last games the problem is, we asked to determine the different
order could they have two wins and two losses.
Device a plan. The questions were asking for probability, we can use
this to determine the outcome of an event, it is hard to determine
the potential sequence of an event but with the use of different
keys, we can easily analyze and solve the problem.
Carry out the plan. One way is to make possible if we replace the
events with numbered outcomes, we can check the ascending
sequence of numbers to see if we miss anything.
Review the solution. If a baseball team won two out of their last
games, therefore there are only 6 possible ways of order of the
games could be; WWWLL, WLWL, WLLW, LWWL, LLWW, LWLW so the
order must 6.

o Assessment
Direction: For each given situation, DO NOT solve the problem. Write only the key
elements and the unknown. Write the equation that will solve the problem.

1. When 8 is added to two times a number, the result is 50. Find

the number.
➢ 2n + 8 = 50
n =?
 2. In an Algebra test, the highest was 50 points higher than the
lowest grade. The sum of the two grades was 180. Find the
lowest grade.
➢ 50x + x = 180
3. The length of a rectangular map is 15 inches more than its width.
If the area of the
rectangle is 225 square inches, find the width of the rectangle.
➢ LxW=A
(W + 15) (W) = 225 m2
W =?
Solve each of the word problems.

1. Ten less than four times a number is 14. What is the number?
➢ 10 – 4x = 14
-4x = 14 -10
X=1

2. The smaller of two integers, x and x + 3, is multiplied by 3, and

then added to the other integer. The sum of the two integers is
100, what is the larger integer?
➢ x + 3 + 3x = 100
4x = 100 – 3
x = 24. 25
Larger integer: x + 3
24.25 =3
= 27. 25
3. The sum of the three consecutive numbers is 129. What is the
difference between the largest and the smaller number?
➢ x + (x+1) + (x+2) = 129
3x + 3 = 129
3x = 129 - 3
x = 42

Difference between the larger number and the smaller number:

x+2–x
 42 + 2 -42
44 – 42
=2

4. The sum of four consecutive numbers is 3962. Find the numbers

➢ x + (x+1) + (x+2) + (x+3) = 3962
4x + 6 = 3962
4x = 3962 – 6

X = 989
x+1 = 989 + 1 = 990
x+2 = 989 + 2 = 991
x+3 = 989 + 3 = 992

5. Fifty- four less than 4 times a number is equal to the number.

What is the number?
➢ 54 – 4x = x
54 = x + 4x
X = 10.8