Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group 7 Assignment
Group 7 Assignment
Media
the popular newspaper in the 1830s marked the dawn of the era of mass
by radio and television, and Internet media, represented by new media, have
had a profound impact on the way the media report news, the way audiences
different historical periods and social contexts, the social responsibilities and
the "a god that won't die" of journalism, had a profound impact on the role of
social reality and never interfering. On the other hand, the journalist's role as
1
shortcomings of traditional journalistic values and to achieve a balance
more productive and engaging stories while staying true to the core functions
of journalism (McIntyre, 2015). It also calls for news to contain more inclusive
increasing attention in both practice and research, and has been used in a
wide variety of media. For example, Danish TV2 started a nightly news
program "Yes We Can Stories"; CNN launched "Great Big Stories" program;
The New York Times added "Fixes" column and The Guardian added "The
News" websites were also created. These different media are all trying to
which is well-received. This article analyzes three news reports from Print
Media, Broadcasting, and New Media respectively, starting from the concept
news, the difference from ordinary news, and the impact on society.
2
Print Media
As a major social and risk issue, AIDS has been on the radar of academia,
journalism, and the public since its inception, and the U.S. academic
exploring how the media's construction of AIDS issues has changed in the
course of modernization. In 1992, Clark analyzed the way AIDS was reported
in five major popular newspapers and magazines in the United States between
1980 and 1985. It was found that while AIDS coverage was objective,
homosexuality and intravenous injection were still seen as the main culprits,
and the language of the coverage even implied that only shameless and
immoral behavior was the cause of the disease. A study by the Kaiser Family
mid-to-late 1980s, the U.S. news media focused on HIV transmission routes
and prevention measures to meet the public's need for information on HIV
prevention. By 1989, most of the public had become aware of the routes of
infection and most of the media shifted their focus to the impact of AIDS on
public attention. Rogers, Dearing, & Chang (1991) divided the media
presentation of AIDS issues into four periods: initial era; science era; human
era; and political era. In the initial era of AIDS coverage, AIDS was not given
much attention; in the science era, information about HIV transmission was the
focus of coverage; in the human era, the media tended to report AIDS cases in
3
a humanistic way; in the political era, the media tended to report on public
issue that has existed for 40 years in many aspects of science, medicine, law,
and society, the news coverage of AIDS is worth studying. The following
example is an article from The Guardian titled “Even after 40 years the
inquiries (who, what, where, why, how), adding a "What Now?" inquiry.
and our abilities to reach it. (3) Inclusiveness and diversity: Increase the
number of voices and points of view in the news. Work to counteract the
polarizing effects of the news media. (4) Empower people: Ask a range of
should be asked. (5) The Rosling: Explain and contextualize the news. Create
clear infographics that convey the news using statistics. The goal is to move
4
away from covering occurrences and instead focus on contexts. (6)
Co-creation: Involve and empower the general public. Collaborate with citizens
This report contains the above six elements. (1) Solutions: journalists
cited a range of measures to help people living with HIV, including eliminating
and sustainably fund relevant interventions for key populations; (2) Future
Orientation: defend the human rights of people living with AIDS, repeal punitive
laws, enact laws to protect people living with AIDS from abuse, overcome
discrimination and end AIDS 40 years later; (3) Inclusiveness and diversity: in
personal autonomy of people living with AIDS in countries such as Russia, and
Sidibé, human rights officer at Arcad Santé Plus, Mali health workers, ACLS
other AIDS-related organizations from around the world are mentioned in the
report; (5) The Rosling: this report cites a number of data, including global
AIDS statistics from UNAIDS, estimates number from the Russian government,
and testing data from Coalition Plus, the international network fighting AIDS,
5
and provides hyperlinks to the policies and data of relevant organizations for
with men, sex workers, transgender individuals, drug users, and prisoners. It
called for an end to discrimination and stigma against people living with AIDS
all humanity.
The normal news about AIDS can be broadly classified into three types:
first, the data on the AIDS epidemic; second, the AIDS prevention and
treatment efforts; and third, the background information about AIDS. These
stories tend to describe the overall situation and clearly reflect the "top-down"
general public and people living with AIDS are considered as "followers",
highlighting the image of people living with AIDS as a "high-risk group" in the
eyes of others, and reinforcing the construction of the "other" image of people
living with AIDS. In contrast to normal news, in this report, on the one hand,
instead of focusing on those who suffer from AIDS, those who die because of
AIDS, those who are discriminated against, and to whom these responsibilities
are attributed; it focuses on what organizations have done, what helps people
with AIDS have received, and what the future will be. On the other hand, since
6
the topic of AIDS involves many aspects such as science, policy, law, ethics,
and social culture, this report not only cites sources from government and
that AIDS is not only the responsibility of the government, but also the common
responsibility of the whole society and all human beings. In addition, while this
autonomy, and having preventive tools in your pocket, such as sterile syringes
the complexity and dangers of AIDS itself are hidden, suggesting a situation
where AIDS can be overcome, is being overcome, and is being treated well,
to address them and to show support for the idea of social progress. In this
by AIDS and dedicated to providing information and guidance for people living
with AIDS. A more positive stance is taken to engage in the future of AIDS. On
the other hand, the reporter's constant calls for the repeal of punitive laws and
the enactment of laws to protect people living with AIDS from abuse not only
7
help to strengthen legislation, but also convey a more optimistic and hopeful
view. By watching this report, the public can experience positive emotions, and
such emotions can also motivate them to reduce discrimination and stigma
against people with AIDS, thus maintaining a stable social order and
contributing to a better relationship between people with AIDS and the public
From the media's perspective, McIntyre (2015) found that when people
mitigate some of the harmful effects of negative news coverage. In this report,
the journalist provided people with possible solutions and measures that have
worked, and therefore was able to alleviate the public's fear of HIV while
more positive way can enhance the positive impact of communication effects,
thus increasing the public's trust in the media. It is also the goal of constructive
society.
8
press criticism but also to develop practical models for improved public service
journalism about this issue" (p. 260). This news contains AIDS issues in
countries and regions, while also proposing a series of solutions for the public,
for the future, and for action from a global perspective, in order to address the
Broadcasting
rebuilt, recreated, and reinvented. Along with internet downloads and online
video streaming, broadcasting has become just one of several alternatives for
the number of youngsters smoking has increased throughout the days. A study
pandemic COVID-19 is brutality because it might cause lung injuries and lead
portion of the community believes the news media is too harmful and
conflict-ridden. The journalist is also aware that bad news reports are
9
occurs. According to WHO, the World Health Organization report on 28th July
2020, the plain acute breathing syndrome coronavirus the Covid-19 had
infected 16 341 920 people in 188 countries, resulting in 650 805 deaths. They
Besides, the public is being distracted by the tobacco ads, and it's attracting
young hood to test with the tobacco products. Moreover, another mechanism,
which advertising could increase the consumption, the media may limit the
Andi Sahtiani Jahrir and Muhammad Tahir (2020) argue that there is still
(Beaudoin, 2002). Furthermore, the fear appeals were most commonly used in
ads that focused on long-term health implications, were more typically targeted
towards adults (Biener et al., 2010). However, more research with a greater
number of ads of each type would be beneficial, for both to reproduce these
advertising intensity and the level of emotion produced (Biener et al., 2010).
10
Moreover, the data collection shows that the high frequency of
opening between broadcast and survey, the lower the chance of people to
memory. Other reports show that high levels of strength are connected to
create early audience weariness than being less emotive (Biener et al., 2010).
Even broadcasting on preventing smoking did not show great results; when
enormous pressure, but broadcast still transfers the message to the audience
strong connection with verbal, visual, and radio elements to ensure the
modality is not confused with a title (Bryce & Olney 1988). Besides, pre-testing
development and operation. Hopefully, in the future, people may pay more
11
attention to these concerns and provide practice and theories (Leigh, 1991).
The use of tobacco use on smoking has caused numerous health issues.
Every year. Every year the people who take tobacco causes 8 million
Besides that, tobacco used is also causes serious illness and death from other
nicotine has any scientific effect on the Corona Virus during the pandemic. The
the Cochrane Library, and the WHO Global Database. Brinn et al. (2010)
wants to use mass media interferences for preventing more people from taking
cigarettes. Brinn et al. (2010) uses a few types of studies in mass media
at regular intervals over a period of time. The term of mass media denotes to
newspapers, and booklets that are meant to reach a huge number of people
and are not reliant on one-on-one interaction. The primary goal of the mass
media operation should be to avoid young people from the initial start to smoke.
12
There were additional studies of mass media campaigns paired with
(Brinn et al., 2010). There are few levels of measures that is carried out firstly,
the results show the youngsters can be divided into two categories which are
the smokers and the non-smokers in a diverse way where it is likely the
they had ever used cigarettes. Secondly on the measuring the smoking
programs have been tested as a way to avert young people from starting to
newspaper adverts, posters, TV, and cinema spots were compared to a control
were shown to 10-12 years olds in the viewing area of a rural network affiliate
TV station in the United States besides that between the interference and
revealed. Another studies from Bauman (1991), radio mails were utilized to
offer, which was broadcast first on the radio and then on the television, and the
13
sweepstakes event also gives encouragement towards the fresh people to
invite friends into the competition and hope no smoking would take place.
New Media
When a new era is opened, new media unknowingly enter our daily life
and further integrate into our everyday life. With the continuous progress of
new technology, there is a closer relationship between people and the Internet,
intensifying the impact of new media on people's daily lives. Canadian scholar
McLuhan (1967) once pointed out that “the medium is the massage” and he
believed that people feel the media not only as information, but also as if their
whole body receives a massage, and people can personally feel the influence
of media on our life and social structure. Therefore, it is difficult not to consider
the tremendous impact of different media on the times. While the tremendous
journalism was discussed above, the surprising power of new media, the rising
people's communication is more rapid, and the role of journalists has changed
to a certain extent. Under the background of the new media era, social media
has gradually attracted people's attention. Social media has its characteristics.
It is famous for its rapid information transmission, the equal identity of both
14
parties, convenient use, etc. As one of the characteristics of constructive news,
media. Constructive news also has rich observability when major public events
occur. During COVID-19, the social changes intensified, with many general
applications during this period. The following is an example of "here for you"
problems and emotional crises due to various changes and social factors.
Under such changes, Snapchat launched the "here for you" mental health
resource center to provide services for users. In the here for your section,
concerns, pressures, and other problems. Users can also establish friends
anxiety. On the other hand, Snapchat cooperates with the World Health
Organization and the U.S. Centers for disease control to ensure that Snapchat
users obtain information from expert channels on time. Snapchat has also
enabled a special edition of “here for you” for topics about COVID-19. The tool
covers topics like social distancing, messages from experts, methods to cope
15
contradictions, can provide essential services for the audience through the
power of the media, find a reasonable and urgently needed demand during
covid-19, and genuinely serve the audience so that the news no longer stays
at what to say, but what the audience needs, and truly solve the problems of
the audience. In a time of great uncertainty, tools like this can provide
Snapchat's core user market, as the ongoing impacts of the crisis can
stability. This also shows many differences from regular reports. Such a
information also really serves the audience. This helpful and guiding news can
guide people's opinions and help maintain social stability, unlike ordinary
words.
Conclusion
We all know that with the popularity of the Internet and the continuous
progress of 3G, 4G, and 5G technologies, the Internet has played a significant
role in the progress of the times. At the same time, the vigorous development
16
of new media has also played an important role in disseminating information.
But we also see that with the continuous development of new media,
and communicators. When the audience holds the microphone, they can also
freely spread information, which puts forward higher requirements for the
development of the news industry, and constructive news came into being.
Whether it is print media, broadcast, or new media, they are all trying to cover
guiding those who live in the dark and helpless night and helping them out of
widely used in the future, as Haagerup wrote in the initial article when
traditional news criteria with a new one: Constructive news” (Haagerup, 2008).
17
Reference
Adelman, R. C., & Verbrugge, L. M. (2000). Death makes news: the social
behavior, 347-367.
Ahmed, Y. (2021). Snapchat rolls out Here For You mental health support tool
https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/snapchat-rolls-out-here
-for-you-mental-health-support-tool-for-indian-users-1700054-2020-07-1
Bauman, K. E., LaPrelle, J., Brown, J. D., Koch, G. G., & Padgett, C. A. (1991).
Biener, L., Ji, M., Gilpin, E. A., & Albers, A. B. (2004). The impact of emotional
Brinn, M. P., Carson, K. V., Esterman, A. J., Chang, A. B., & Smith, B. J.
18
Review Journal, 7(1), 86-144.
Clarke, J. N. (1992). Cancer, heart disease, and AIDS: What do the media tell
Flynn, B. S., Worden, J. K., Secker-Walker, R. H., Badger, G. J., & Geller, B. M.
Greenberg, R. H., Freimuth, V. S., & Bratic, E. (1979). A content analytic study
positive psychology.
19
Hafstad, A., Aarø, L. E., Engeland, A., Andersen, A., Langmark, F., &
Himmich, H., & Podmore, M. (2021). Even after 40 years the response to Aids
in many countries is still held back by stigma | Hakima Himmich and Mike
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/dec/01/response
-aids-hiv-stigma-discrimination-drug-use-homophobia
Hutchinson, A. (2021). Snapchat Launches New 'Here For You' Mental Health
https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/snapchat-launches-new-here-f
or-you-mental-health-resource-ahead-of-time-i/574507/
Jahrir, A. S., & Tahir, M. (2020). Live broadcast impact in teaching and
20
media: Review and suggestions for research. Journal of
Reddy, R. K., Charles, W. N., Sklavounos, A., Dutt, A., Seed, P. T., & Khajuria,
1045-1056.
Rogers, E. M., Dearing, J. W., & Chang, S. (1991). AIDS in the 1980s: The
21
The Best Solutions Journalism of 2018. (2021). Retrieved 8 December 2021,
from
https://thewholestory.solutionsjournalism.org/the-best-solutions-journal
ism-of-2018-3cfdd656e6fe
Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, et al. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool
Young, S., & Meikle, G. (2008). Beyond broadcasting? TV for the twenty-first
century.
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/2
0200728-covid-19-sitrep-190.pdf?sfvrsn=fec17314_2
Worden, J., Flynn, B., & McAuliffe, T. (1983). Using television messages to
22
Association Annual Meeting. University of Vermont: Office of Health
and Mathematics.
23