UCER, PRAYAGRAJ DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Experiment No:5

Operational Amplifier Parameters-Common Mode Gain, Differential Mode Gain, CMRR,

Slew Rate
1.1 Objective 1.2 Apparatus required 1.3 Theory 1.4 Observation table 1.5 Calculation 1.6 Result 1.7
Discussion 1.8 Precautions1.9 Pre-Requisite
Requisite 1.
1.10 Post- Requisite

1.1 OBJECTIVE: To measure following Operational Amplifier Parameters-Common Mode

Gain, Differential Mode Gain, CMRR, Slew Rate.

1.2APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Name of Apparatus Range/Rating Quantity

1 Trainer for measurement 1
of Op-amp
amp parameters
2 CRO 25MHz 1
3 Function Generator 1
4 Probes As per requirement
5 Connecting wires As per requirement

1.3THEORY:

(a) OPAMP: The OP-AMP

AMP is a special type of direct coupled high gain amplifier with very
large input impedance and very low output impedance. The unique features of the op-amp
op
make it suitable for performing a variety of linear function (and also some nonlinear
operation) and hence are often referre
referredd to as the basic linear integrated circuit.

Circuit symbol for Op-amp:

EXP No (5) (KEC - 452) Page | 1

UCER, PRAYAGRAJ DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
NICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEER

Note that dual power supplies are required to allow the output to swing in both positive &
negative directions, as determined by the signal(s) at the input(s)
input(s).

(b) Different Operational Amplifier Parameters:

i) Difference Mode Gain (Ad): It is the gain when two different voltages are applied at the
two inputs of OP-AMP.

Circuit Diagram for Difference Mode Gain (Ad):

ii) Common Mode Gain (Ac):It is the gain when two terminals of OP-AMP
AMP are applied with
the same voltage from the same source.

Circuit Diagram for Common Mode Gain (Ac):

EXP No (5) (KEC - 452)) Page | 4

UCER, PRAYAGRAJ DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS& COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

iii) Common Mode Rejection Ratio: The common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is the
measure of the device's ability to reject common mode signals, and is expressed as the
ratio of the differential gain to the common mode gain. The CMRR is usually expressed in
decibels, with common devices having ratings between 60 dB to 120 dB. The higher the
CMRR is, the better the device is deemed to be.
CMRR = Ad / Ac

iv) Slew rate: The slew rate is the maximum rate at which the output voltage of an op-amp
can change and is measured in terms of voltage change per unit of time. It varies from 0.5
V/s to 35 V/s. Slew rate is usually measured in the unity gain non-inverting amplifier
configuration. The slew rate describes the speed of response of OP-AMP to the change in
input signal.
Slew rate SR is given by the relation: SR = dV / dt

Procedure to calculate CMRR:

1. Connect the circuit on the kit as in figure 1 for Ad

2. Connect the CRO to the output point of OP-AMP.
3. Give an input of 1 KHz sine wave of about 5 Vp-p as the input. Take care that the output
to be an enlarged but undistorted sine wave.
4. Calculate input and output voltages on CRO
5. Calculate Ad = Vo / Vin
6. Now calculate Ac = Vo / Vin with the help of figure 2 and CRO in a similar manner.
7. Next calculate CMRR = Ad / Ac

Procedure to calculate Slew Rate:

1. Connect the circuit on the kit as in figure-3

2. Connect the CRO to the output point of OP-AMP.
3. Give an input of 20 KHz 100 mV square wave as the input.
4. In the dual trace CRO display input waveform in one channel and output in the other
channel.
5. See that output is not a perfect square wave, rather slightly distorted.
6. Calculate slew rate as SR = dV / dt

EXP No (5) (KEC - 452) Page | 3

UCER, PRAYAGRAJ DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEER

1.4 OBSERVATIONTABLE:
Measurement of CMRR:

S.No. Applied Output Voltage Differential Common Mode CMRR

Voltage(Vin) (Vo)(Volt) Gain (Ad) Gain (Ac)
(Volt)
1.
2.
3.
4.

1.5 CALCALUTION:
Common Mode Gain =
Differential Mode Gain =
CMRR = (Ad /Ac) =
Slew Rate = (dV / dt) =
1.6 RESULT: We have calculated different op-amp parameters.

1.7 DISCUSSION:

1.8 PRECAUTIONS:
1. Switch on the kit after proper connection.
2. While taking observation for open loop gain on CRO, take care that the output to be an
enlarged but undistorted sine wave.

1.9 Conclusion: Result may be affected from aging effect of components, variations in
supply voltage etc.

1.10 PRE REQUISITE:

Q1.What is an Op-amp??

Q2. What is CMRR and Slew Rate?

Q3.What is a function generator?

1.11 POST REQUISITE:

Q1. How the frequency of a function generator is controlled?

Q2.What is the deflection factor of a CRO?

Q3. Why CMRR of ideal Op-amp is infinite?

EXP No (5) (KEC - 452) Page | 4