Professional Documents
Culture Documents
10 - Preliminary Sizing - Missed Approach Climb
10 - Preliminary Sizing - Missed Approach Climb
sizing: missed approach climb
Requirement 4: Missed Approach Climb
Background
Climb Gradient
The climb gradient for missed approach is determined from the aviation regulations:
JAR 25.121 Climb: Oneengineinoperative.
(d) Discontinued Approach. In a configuration in which VS does not exceed 110% of the VS for the related all
enginesoperating landing configuration, the steady gradient may not be less than
2·1 % for twoengined aeroplanes,
2·4 % for threeengined aeroplanes, and
2·7 % for four engined aeroplanes, with
(1) The critical engine inoperative, the remaining engines at the available takeoff power or thrust;
(2) The maximum landing weight; and
(3) A climb speed established in connection with normal landing procedures, but not exceeding 1·5 VS.
(4) Landing gear retracted.*
* Number (4) of § 25.121 (d) exists only in JAR 25 but not in FAR Part 25.
Equation
The missed approach is similar to the second segment situation where one engine of the aircraft is inoperative.
The thrust of the remaining engine(s) has to be enough to climb again as required. The second segment climb
equation is expanded by the mass ratio determined already in the landing field calculation:
The climb gradient can simplified similar to the second segment:
Data
Lift to Drag Ratio
The lift to drag ratio is calculated from the following equation:
The lift coefficient is the landing lift coefficient divided by 1.69, because the climb speed is 1.3 times the stall
speed.
http://www.fzt.hawhamburg.de/pers/Scholz/dimensionierung/miss_nn.htm 1/3
11/7/2016 preliminary sizing: missed approach climb
The drag coefficient consists of five parts:
where the
Oswald's airplane efficiency factor e is 0.7,
wing aspect ratio A is given or taken from statistics,
drag coefficient at zero lift cD, 0 is assumed to be 0.02,
landing gear drag coefficient cD, gear is 0.015,
slat drag coefficient cD, slat is neglected and set to zero,
flap drag coefficient cD, flap:
for cL = 1.3 : flap deflection 15° => cD, flap = 0.01
for cL = 1.5 : flap deflection 25° => cD, flap = 0.02
for cL = 1.7 : flap deflection 35° => cD, flap = 0.03 .
background of mass relation
statistics of aspect ratio
next: calculation of takeoff thrust to weight
Calculation
With given values of takeoff liftcoefficient, wing aspect ratio, mass ratio and the number of engines it is now
possible to calculate the ratio between takeoff trust and takeoff weight. The landing gear is retracted according
to JAR 25 and extended in the FAR 25.
In the table are typical start values already entered. The graph is presented in Figure 2.
maximum landing lift number of landing to takeoff mass (range):
coefficient landing gear: engines (N)
0.91 (short)
cL,max,L : 2.6 [ ] retracted (JAR 25) :
0.82 (middle)
extended (FAR 2
0.73 (long)
wing aspect ratio 25) 3
A : 9 [ ] custom:
4
reset calculate
takeoff thrust
result : [ ]
takeoff weight
http://www.fzt.hawhamburg.de/pers/Scholz/dimensionierung/miss_nn.htm 2/3
11/7/2016 preliminary sizing: missed approach climb
Figure 2: chart for calculated results
The takeoff thrust to weight ratio of the aircraft must be above the pink line to fulfil the requirement for the
missed approach condition. (Bear in mind: Thrust means climb rate.)
Results compared
Takeoff thrust to weight ratio of selected aircraft JANE'S 199598
Airbus A 300 Airbus A Airbus A Antonov AN Boeing B Boeing B McDonnell Douglas Tupolev TU
Aircraft
600B 310300 340300 124 737600 777 MD11 204
Takeoff thrust 0.292 0.341
Takeoff 0.308 0.324 0.290 0.356 0.220 0.240 0.231 0.307
0.304
0.299 0.309
0.413
weight [ ]
save the result temporary (Set browser preferences to: "Accept cookies")
next: matching chart
back to the start page
© 1999 Thomas Perthel, thomas.perthel@gmx.de
http://www.fzt.hawhamburg.de/pers/Scholz/dimensionierung/miss_nn.htm 3/3