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    US9771551B2

    Uploaded by

    Denis Crispin Irazabal

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    (2) United States Patent Cermenati et al. 009771551B2 US 9,771,551 B2 Sep. 26, 2017 USt (10) Patent No.: (4s) Date of Patent: oa oy @ 3) wo ep @y ws) G0) May 29, 2013 oy (32) 8) 66) LIQUID CLEANING COMPOSITION WITH ABRASIVES, Applicant: The Procter & Gamble Company, incinnai, OH (US) Inventors: Laura Cermenati, Brissels (BE): Marina Jozefa Hermie, Hever (BE): James Robert Tinlin, Brussels (BE) ‘The Procter & Gamble Company, incinnati, OH (US) Assignee Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis patent is extended or adjusted under 35 USC. 1544) by $43 days Appl. No.: 14/282,248 Filed: May 20, 2014 Prior Publication Data US 201410352723 Al Dee. 4, 2014 Foreign Application Priority Data er) 13109681 Int. C1, cmp 1700 CUD 166 cmp 13 cup 1735 CUD 186 cD 14 cmp 314 cup 320 Us. CL cre (2006.01) (2006.01) (2005.01), (2006.01) (2008.01) (2006.01), (2006.01) (200601) CHD 17/0004 2013.01): CHD 66 (2013.01), CIID 13 (2013.01), CHD 11835 (2013.01): C11D 1/86 2013.01): CIID 194 (2013.01); CTD 3/14 (2013.01), CIID 32075 (2013.01) Field of Classification Search CPC... CIID 17/0013; CHD ¥14: CLID 39715 See application file for compete search history. References Cited USS. PATENT DOCUMENTS. suey Suva 08s rot9s0 Hioss Diss S194 Lives Libs 1988 Daimler Plate ea Lyn Mannbeimer Miton Fundarburk et Conor ta Len at Chapa emake 2.082.278 2oss0K0 Yassoot Beery daswore 2502279 Ysi2.04a ta 4240919 ASesei7 4708235 11987 Hartman otal Sites & "71998 Guot eal Shev052 A $1999 Aidson ei ab Sooner) A 51999 Osaounis oa (6360,121 BL 42002 Catalfame eal {8590965 B2 32004 Neda ea. Sagpioek 8292010 Chena 20020137647 AL 9.2002 Hackental tal Souaunesis9 AL Oyssio a dor o1so7ss At Gonzales a SoIoLso9st Gonzales eta ale Delecisyder .... CHD3/3726, ‘een AL, 32012 Peree-Prat Vinuest ta Al* 123012 Gonzales ons CLID 170013 1810493 317736 AL 122012 Gonzales ea. ao120321567 Al 122012 Gonzales a so1DUR2ISEE AL 122012 Gonzales ea gu12022719 AL 122012 Pewee Viawes ta 20130067669 AL "32013 Gonvales ea aornog7est7 AL 32013. Poer-Pat Vinwes ta. so1d0nsa72t AL 122014 Gonzales ea, 20140382720 AL 122014 Gonzales eta am1aunsisa4 AL 122014 Gonzales a FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS we 1 987 156 AL iP 2 338.966 AL Wo wo 2011087748 AP WO WO 2011135508 Al WO WORT Al (OTHER PUBLICATIONS Nominal Ofice Action for US. Appl No, 14281, 99, data Ape 13, 2015, Final Office Acton for US. Appl. No, 14281,997, dated Oct. 9, 2015, 10 pages. TPCT Seaath Report dated Sep. 11, 2004; PCTUS2O 14039656; 6 Pages US" Appl No, 14282,196, led May 20,2014, Cenmenai et * cited by examiner Primary Examiner — Gregory Webb (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Lauren Christine Gonzalez; John T. Dipre on ABSTRACT A liquid cleaning andlor cleansing composition comprising abrasive cleaning particles; one or more surfactants selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, cationic, tures thereof and first acidic eompo= ‘nent wherein said acide component consists of one or more chelating aids: wherein at least one nonionic surfataat is ‘comprised in ssid composition snd the total level of non- jonie surfactant is less than 2% by weight of the (otal ‘composition andlor a least one anion surfactant is com prised in said composition and the total level of anionic Surfactant is less than 2% by weight ofthe total composition 13 Claims, No Drawings US 9,771,551 B2 1 LIQUID CLEANING COMPOSITION WITH "ABRASIVES. ‘TECHNICAL FIELD “The present invention relates to liquid compositions for ‘leaning andior cleansing a variety of surfaces, including hard surfaces in and around the house, dish surfaces, etc More spocfially, the present invention relates to liquid Scouring composition comprising suitable particles for ‘leaning andior cleansing. In a highly preterred embodi ment, the compositions of the present invention relate t0 hard surface cleaning compositions, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Scouring compositions such as particulate com for lguid (nel. gel, paste-type) compositions co ining abrasive components are well known in the art Such com Positions are used for cleaning anor cleansing a variety of surfaces: especially those surfaces that tend to become foiled with dificult to remove stains and soils Amongst the curently known scouring compositions, the most popular ones are based on abrasive particles with shapes varying from spherical to iregular. The most com ‘mon abeasive particles are either inorganie like carbonate salt clay, silica silicate, shale ash, perlite and quartz sand or ‘organic’ polymeric beads Tike’ polypropylene, PVC, melamine, urea, polyacrylate, polyurethane and derivatives, and come in the fonm of liquid composition having creamy ‘consistency withthe abrasive particles suspended therein. ‘Known abrasive compositions provide improved cleing versus il parle compositions and developments have boon made on improving surface safety without significantly alfeting the cleaning performance However, there sil remains a need for leveraging syn: ‘egies between abrasive particles and the formulation i ‘onder to maximize the cleaning performance I's thus an objective ofthe present invention to provide a Jiguid cleaning andr cleansing composition suitable 10 ‘leanicleanse a variety of surfaces, wherein the composition provides good cleaninglleansing performance at mi ‘num cos. thas heen found thatthe above objective ean be mt by the composition secording to the present invention. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a frst aspect, the present invention relates to liquid ‘leaning andor cleansing composition comprising abrasive ‘leaning particles; one of more surfactants seleted from the troup consisting of anion, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric land mixtures thers; anda first acidie component wherein said avidie component consists of one or more chelating ids; whorein a least one nonionic surfactant is comprised in said composition and the total level of nonionic surfoctant js less than 2% by weight ofthe total composition andor at Jeast one anionic surfactant i comprise in said composi and the foal level of anionic surfactant i Hess than 2% by ‘weight ofthe total composition, “The present invention further encompasses a process of ‘leaning andlor cleansing a surface with aliquid, cleaning andor cleansing composition comprising abrasive cleaning particles, wherein suid surfce is contacted with said com- Position, preferably wherein said composition is applied ‘onto said surface o 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The Liquid Clesning/Cleansing Composition ‘The compositions according tothe present invention are designed as clesners/cleansers fora varity of inanimate and animate surfaces. In an embodiment, the compositions herein are suitable for cleaning/cleansing surfaces selected from the group consisting of inanimate surfaces, animate surfaces Ins prefered embodiment, the compositions herein are suitable for cleaning/cleansing. inanimate surfaces seleeted {rom the group consisting of houschold hard surfaces: dish surfaces; surfaces like leather or syntbetic leather, and flomotive vehicles surfaces, In & highly prefered embodiment, the compositions herein are suitable wo clean housshokd hard surfaces. By “household bard surface", iis meant herein any kind of surface typically found in and around houses Tike kiteh- ens, bathrooms, eg. floors, walls, tiles, windows, eup- boards, sinks, showers, shower plastifed curtains, wash basins, WCs, fixtures and fitings and the like made of ferent materials ike ceramic, vinyl, no-wax vinyl, Hino- Jeum, melamine, glass, Inox, Formica, any plastis, plastitied wood, metal or any painted or varnished or sealed surface and the like. Household hard surfaces also inelude household appliances including, but not Tmited wo relig- cerators, froovers, washing machines, automatic dryers, ‘ovens, microwave ovens, dishwashers and so on, Sueh hard strlaces may be found both in private households as well as in commercial, institutional and industrial envieonmeats, [By “abrasive foam particles” as used herein, itis meant abrasive cleaning or scouring particles derived from frag- ‘menting 2 foam structure to provide nonspberical and highly shaped profil ‘By “biodegradable” itis meant hersin chemical dissolt- ‘ion, disintegration or digestion of biodegradable abrasive particles in a compost media at a rate of above 50% According. 10 ASTM6400 tost_ method, ASTM6400 test method refers to compostabilty of dhe material, but herein compositability is refemed to as biodegradability. The mate biodegradability of biodegradable abrasive particles ‘under controlled composting conditions is determined inthis test method, ‘By “dish surfices” it is meant herein any kind of surfaces found in dish cleaning, such as dishes, cutlery, cutting ‘boards, pans, and the lke. Such dish surfaces may’ be found both in private households as well as in commercial, inst tutional and industrial environments. [By “acidic component” it is meant herein the listed ‘components in a solution pH of from 9 t0 14 (ineluding ‘when partially or totally neutralised), By “chelating acid” it is meant herein organic andor inorganic, preferably organic, acids in thee salt form having. paturally oecuring chelating properties In an another preferred embodiment, the compositions herein are suitable for clening/cleansing animate surfaces selected from the group consisting of human skin; anil skin; human hair; animal hair; and txth ‘The compositions according (othe present invention are liquid compositions as opposed to a solid or a gas. Liquid ‘compositions include compositions having a wate-ike vi cosity as well as thicken! compositions, such as gels and pastes. ‘Ina preferred embodiment herein, the liquid compositions Doerein are aqueous compositions. Therefore, they may com- US 9,771,551 B2 3 prise from 65% to 99.5% by weight ofthe total composi ‘of water, preferably from 75% to 98% and more preferably rom 80% 10 95% In another preferred embodiment hercin, the liquid com= positions herein are mostly non-agueous compositions although they may comprise from (Me to 10% by weight of the total composition of wate, preferably from 0% to 5%, more preferably from 0% to 1% and most preferably 0% by ‘weight of the total composition of water In. preferred embodiment, the pH ofthe composition is from greater than 0 0 less than 14, preferably from 210 12, more preferably from 2 to 12 but n0t including between 6 and 8, even more preferably from 2 to 6 or from 8 to 12 most preferably from 2104 or from 8 10 12, measured at 20° (C. Most preferred are alkaline compositions having pil of from 8 to 12, measured at 20°C. In an embodiment herein, the compositions herein are ‘kaline compositions, and thus havea pH, sis measured at 20°C, of 8 to 12, more preferably 8.5 1 11.5 preferably 910 11, In other preferred embodiment compositions have pH of fiom 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 5 more preferably 2 to 4 and altematively have pH! preferably below pHi 9, Accordingly, the compositions herein may comprise site > ‘able bases and acid to adjust the pH ‘A suitable base to be used herein is an organic andor ‘noryanic base, Suitable bases for use herein ae the caustic alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or Tithium hydroxide, andior the alkali metal oxides, ‘ch, as sodium andlor potassium oxide or mixtures ther, AA prefered base isa eastic alla, more preferably sodium hiytioxide and/or potassium hydroxide, ‘Other suitable bases include ammonia, ammonium car. bonate, all available carbonate silts such as K,CO, Na,CO,, Ca,CO,, My,COs, ete. alkanolamines (@s eg. rmonocthanolamine), urea and urea derivatives, polyamine, ee “Typical levels of such bases, when present, are of fom 0.01% to 5.0% by weight ofthe total composition, prefer ably from 0.05% to 3.0% and more preferably from 01% t0 06, The compositions herein comprise a first acidic compo nent wherein said first aeidie component consists of one or more chelating acids, preferably selected from the group ‘consisting of citric aeid, one or more salts of citric acid, trae, one or more salts of citrate, phosphoric avid, one oF ‘more salts of phosphoric acid, tartaric aed, one or more salts ‘of tare acid, oxalic acid, one or more salts of oxalic avi, maleic acid, one or more salts of maleic acid, glycolic acid, ‘oncor more salts of glycolic acid, succinic acid, one or more salts of succinic ack, plutarie aeid, one oF more salts of lutric aid, adipic avid, one or more salts of adipic acid, and mixtures thereof, more proferably solected from the zroup consisting of citric acid, one oF more salts of citic id, citrate, one or more salts of citrate, phosphoric acid, salts of phosphoric acid, and mixtures thereof. The level of said frst acidic component is preferably from greater than (0% to less than 0.5%, preferably from 0.1% to 0.48%, more preferably from 0.2% to 0.47%, even more preferably Irom 10.3% to 0.46%, by weight of the composition. It has sur- prisingly been found that small levels of such fist acidic ‘component provide improved cleaning ofa partite contain jing composition, Once the level of such component is increased t0 0.5% by weight or higher, the cleaning is no Jonger improved and thus material is added with no further beneiis on cleaning. 4 The compositions herein may comprise 4 second acidic ‘compontent wherein said second acidie component consists ‘fone or more non-chelating acids, preferably selected from the group consisting of formie acid, one or more salts of formic acid, lactic acid, one oF more salts of lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, one or more salts of hydrochloric acil stlphuric acid, one or more salts of sulphuric acids, and rnixturesthereo The combination of first and second acidic components provides added stability as wel as added ben- clits towards limescale removal foi hard surfaces, ‘A ypical level of suel further aeids, when present, is of rom 0.01% to 3.0% by weight of the total composition, preferably from 0.08% to 3.0% and mote preferably from 0.059% 10 1.5%, ‘Ina preferred embodiment according to te present inven- tion the compositions herein are thickened compositions. Preferably, the liquid compositions herein have a viscosity ‘of up t 7500 eps at 20 +", more preferably rom S000 eps {0 50 cps, yet more preferably from 2000 eps to 50 eps and ‘ost preferably from 1500 cps to 300 eps a 20 5 ad 20° C. when measured with a Rheometer, model AR 1000 (Supplied by TA Instruments) with a 4 em conic spindle in Stainless steel, 2° angle (linear increment from 0.1 to 100 soc"! in max, 8 minutes), ‘In another embodiment, the compositions herein have a waterlike viscosity, By “waterlike viscosity” it is meant Ipreina viscosity thats close to that of water. Preferably the Tiquid compositions herein have a viscosity of up to 50 eps at 60 rpm, more preferably from 0 eps to 30 eps, yet more preferably from 0 eps to 20 eps and most preerabiy from 0 ps to 10 eps at 60 pin and 20° C. when measured with @ iooktield digital viscometer model DV Tl, with spindle 2. "The compositions herein comprise one of more surf fants selected from the group consisting of anionic, non- jonic, cationic, amphoteric and mixtures thereof: and ‘wherein a least one nonionic surfactant is comprised inthe ‘composition and the foal level of nonianie surfaetant is ess than 2%, preferably feom 0.1% t0 1.952%, moee preferably from 0.2% 10 18%, most preferably from 0.5% to 1.75%, by ‘weight ofthe foal composition andor atleast one anionic strlactant is comprised inthe composition and the total level ‘of anionie surfactant is less than 2%, preferably from 0.1% to 195%, more preferably from 0.2% ta 1.8%, most pref erably from 0.5% to 1.75% by weight ofthe total compo- sition, It has been surprisingly found that such levels of surfactant synergistically work withthe abrasive panicles to provide better cleaning. but once the level exceeds the above ‘anges, no substantial improvement is observed versus the cost associated with adding such excess material ‘Non-imiting examples of suitable non-ionic surfactants include alcobol alkoxylate, alky] polysaccharides, amine Dxides, block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, fluoro surfactants and silicon based surfactants. "A prefered class of non-ionic surfctants suitable forthe present invention is alkyl ethoxylates. The alkyl ethoxylates Of the present invention are either linear or branched, and ‘contain from 8 carbon atoms 016 carbon atoms in the hydrophobic tal, and from 3 ethylene oxide units to 25 ethylene oxide ‘units in the hydrophilic head group. Examples of alkyl ethoxylates include Neodol 91-62, ‘Neodol 91-80 supplied by the Shell Corporation (P.O. Box 2463, 1 Shell Plaza, Houston, Tex.) and Alfonie 810-605 supplied by Condea Corporation, (900 Threadneedle PO. Box 19029, Houston, Tex.). More profered alkyl ethoxy Jates comprise fom 9 to 12 carbon atoms in the hydrophobic tail, and from 4 to 9 oxide units inthe hydrophilic head soup. A preferred alkyl ethoxylate is Cy... EO,, available US 9,771,551 B2 from the Shell Chem Neodol 91-51. A most prefered alkyl elhoxylate is C..., EO,, available from the Shell Chemical Company under the tradename Neodol 91-82, Other prefered nonionie strfac- tants are Co Fy, available from Kolbe under te tradename ‘Greenbentine DE80, of Cy FO, available from Sasol under the tradename Maripal 1038. Non-ione ethoxylates can also be derived from branched aleahols. For example, alcohols ‘ean be made from branched olefin feedstocks such as propylene or butylene. In a preferred embodiment, the branched aleliol is either & 2-propyl-1-heptyl aleobol or 2butyl-L-oetyl alcohol. A desirable branched alcobol ‘ethoxylate is 2propyl-L-heptyl FO7/AO7, manufactured ‘and sold by BASF Corporation under the tradename Luten- sol XP 79IXL 79. ‘Another class of non-ionic surfactant suitable for the present invention is alky polysaccharides. Such surfactants are disclosed in ULS. Pat. Nos. 4,565,647, 5,776,872, 5.83, (062, and 5,906,973. Among alkyl polysaccharides, alkyl polyelycosides comprising five andlor sx carhon sugarrings are prefered, those comprising six carbon sugar rings are ‘more preferred, and those wherein the sx earbon sugar ring js derived from glucose, i, alkyl polyglucosides ("APG") ‘are most prefered. The alkyl substituent in the APG chin length is jveferably a saturated or unsaturated alky! moiety ‘containing from 8 fo 16 carbon atoms, with an average chai Jength of 10 carbon atoms. CC, alkyl polyglucosides are ‘commercially available from several suppliers (eg, Simi sol surfactants frm Seppie Corporation, 75 Quai d'Orsay, 75321 Pars, Cedex 7, Franee, and Glucopon 2208, Glueo- pon 225%, Glucopon 4258, Plantaren 2000 NB and Plane fen 2000 N UPR, from Cogais Comporation, Postfach 13, (01 64, D 40551, Dusseldorf, Germany), Another class of non-ionic surfactant suitable for the present invention is amine oxide, Amine oxides. particularly those comprising ffom 10 carbon atoms to 16 earbon atoms inthe hydrophobic til, are beneficial because oftheir strong Cleaning profile and ceflectivenoss even at levels below (0.10%. Additionally Cp, amine oxides, expecially C.-C ‘amine oxides ae excelent solubilizers of perfume, Alter: native non-ionic detergent surfactants for use herein are alkoxylated alcohols generally comprising from 8 to 16 ‘carbon atoms in the hydrophobic alkyl chain of the aleohol ‘Typical alkoxylation groups are propoxy groups or ethoxy groups in combination with propoxy groups, yielding alk ‘ethoxy propoxylates. Such componnds are commercially fvailable under the tradename Astarox® available fom Rosia (40 Rue de la Haie-Cog, F-93306, Aubervllers ‘Céxkex, France) and under the tradename Nonidet® available from Shell Chemica The condensation products of ethylene oxide with 3 hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene ‘oxide with propylene glycol are also suitable for use herein, ‘The hydrophobic portion of these compounds will prefer ably have moleeulae weight of from 1500 to 1800 and will, ‘exhibit water insofubiity. The addition of polyoxyethylene moieties to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the ‘water solubility ofthe molecule as a whole, and the liquid ‘character ofthe prdict i retained vp tothe point where the polyoxyethylene content is about 50% of the total weight of the condensation product, which corresponds to eondens:- tion with up 49 40 moles of ethylene oxide. Fxamples of ‘compounds ofthis type include certain ofthe commercially _vailable Plaronie® surfactants, marketed by BASF. Chemi- cally, such surfactants have the structure (EO),(PO),(EO). fr (PO)FO),(PO), wherein x,y, and zane from 110 100, preferably 3 1 50, Pluronic surfactants knowa to be good 0 o 6 wetting surfactants are more preferred. A description ofthe Pluronic® surfactants, and properties thereof, including wetting properties, can_be found in the brochure entitled “BASE Performance Chemicals Plutonic & Tetronick Surfactants", available from BASF, Other suitable though not preferred non-ionic surfctans include the polyethylene oxide condensates of alkylphenols, eg, the condensation produets of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from 6 10 12 carbon atoms in ether 4 straight chain or branched chain configuration, with elle Yylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide being present in mounts equa 1 $10 28 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol The alky! substituent in such compounds can be drive from oligomerized propylene, isobutylene, or from other sources of iso-oetane n-etane, iso-nonane oF wonane. Other non-ionic surfactants that can be sed include those derived from natural souees such as sugars and include Cj-C Nealkylslucose amide surfacauts Suitable anionie surfactants for use herein are selected from the group consisting of alk! sulphonate, alkyl aryl sulphonates,alky! sulphates, alkyl alkoxylated sulphates, eC alk alkoxylated linear or branched diphenyl oxide dbsulphonates, or mixtures thereot. Suitable alkyl sulphonates for use herein include water- soluble salts or acids ofthe formula RSO;M wherein Risa CoC linear or branched, saturated oF unsaturated alkyl aroup, preferably a Cy alkyl group and more preferably ACC alk] group, and Mis ora cation, ex, am alkali ‘etal cation (e, sodium, potassium, lithium), ce ammo- ‘ium of substituted ammonium (eg. methyl, dimeths, and trimethyl ammonium cations and quaternary smo cations, such as teramethyl-ammoniuim and dimethyl pip- eridinium cations “and quaternary ammonium cations erived from alkylamines sch as ethylamine,diethylamine, ‘eethplamine, and mixtures thereo, aod the ike). Suitable alky aryl sulphonates Tor use herein include water-soluble salts or aeids ofthe formula RSO,M wherein Ris an aryl, preferably a benzyl, substituted By a C-Can linear oF branched! saturated oF unsaturated alkyl group. preferably a Cy-Cyy allyl group and more preferably a Co-Cye alkyl group, and M is Hora cation, ean alk ‘metal cation (e., sodinm, potassium, lithium, calm, ‘magnesium and te like) of ammonium or substituted ‘ammonium (¢, methyl, dimethyl, and trimethy] ammno- ‘ium cations and quaternary ammonium cations, suel as ‘etrametiyl-ammonium and dimethslpiperiinium cations and quatemiary ammonium cations derived from alkylam- ines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and rintures thereof, and the Tike). An example of C4-Cq alkyl sulphonate i Hostapar® SAS available from Hoechst, An example of eommerially available alkyl ary) sulphonate is Lauryl aryl sulphonate from Su.Ma. Particularly prefered alkyl aryl sulphonates aralkyl benzene sulphonstes commercially available under trade name Nansa available from Albright&Wilson Suitable alkyl sulphate surfctants for use herein are acconing to te formula R,SO,M wherein Ry represents a hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of slrauht o branched alkyl radicals containing fom 6 t0 20 carbon atoms and alkyl phenyl radicals containing from 6% 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, Mis H or a cation, eg. an alkali metal cation (6a, sodium, potasium, lithium, Calcium, magnesiim and th ike) of amimenium or subst tuted ammonium (eg, methyl, dimethyl, and trimethyl ammonium cations and quaternary ammoniim cations, sch as tetramethyammonivm and dimethyl piperiiniur ci fons and quaternary ammonium eations derived fom alky- US 9,771,551 B2 7 Jamines such as ethylamine, dielhylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like) Particularly prelerred branched allyl sulphates 10 be used herein are those con- ining from 10 to [4 total carbon atoms like Islchem 123 ASB. Tsalchom 123 ASP commercially available from Enichem isa C3, surfactant which is 94% branched. This material can be deseribed a8 CHy—(CH,)y--CH (CH.OS0,Na)(CH,), CH, where nem-8-9. Also pre- ferred alkyl sulphates are the alkyl sulphates where the alkyl chain comprises a total of 12 carbon atoms, Le, sodium 2-butyl octyl sulphate. Such alky! sulphate is commercially ‘available from Condea under the rade name IsofolR 128, Particularly suitable finer alkyl sulphonates inelude Cya-C< paraffin sulphonate Tike Hostapurk SAS commercially available from Hoochst Switable alkyl alkoxylated sulphate surfactants for use herein are according tothe formula RO{A),SO,M wherein Ris an unsubstituted CC, alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 2Cy-C alkyl eomponent, preferably 8C-'alky ‘or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C,-Cyq alkyl or hydroxy alkyl, is an ethoxy or propoxy unit ms greater than 7270, Typically hetwoen 0.5 and 6, more preferably between 0S and 3, and Mis H or a cation which can be, for example, 2 metal cation (eg. sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, ‘magnesium, te), ammonium or substtuted-ammonium cat- jon, Alkyl ethoxylated sulfates as wel as alkyl propoxylated sulfates are contemplated herein. Specific examples of sub- ‘tuted ammonium cations inelude methyl, dimethyl, im- ‘thy-ammoniam and gustemary ammoniim eations, such ‘a fetramethyl-ammonium, dinethy!piperidinium and eat- fons derived from alkanolamines sich as ethylamine, dieth- ‘ylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the Tike Exemplary surfactants are C,,-C, alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate (C,-€ 4BC1.0)8M), C.-C, alk polyethony- Inte 2.25) slate (C.-C, ,E2.25)8M0) C.-C alkyl poly- cethoxylate (3.0) sulfate (C.-C, E.0)8M), C.-C 4 alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate (Cy2-C,4P, (4.0)SM), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium. Suitable Cj-Cay alkyl alkoxylated linear or hranched

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