Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advanoes 10 (8): 1007-1011, 2 ISSN: 1680-5593 © Medwell Journals, 2011 Silage Production from Cassava Peel and Cassava Pulp as Energy Source in Cattle Diets Pipat Lounglawan, Mek Khungaesr and Wisitiporn Suksombat School of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Amphur Muang, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand Abstract: Processing of the vilage wing cassava peel as energy souee in dairy cow diels was stadied The experiment was conducted to investigate the chemical composition, degradability, lactic acid production and hhydrocyanic acid content of various silages with varying eassava peel additions and ensiling times. The ‘experiment was a 5°3 factorial design, completely randomized with factor A asthe diferent formulated mixtures (0,10, 20, 30 and 40% kg fresh weight of cassava peel) and factor B as the times of ensiling (14, 21 and 28 days), ‘The results showed that cassava peel was appropriated to use as energy source in silage for dairy cows at 14, 21 and 28 days ensiling times. The content of hydrocyanie seid was at safety level for animals. The pH of all silages was in the range commonly accepted for intemational standard. The pH of good quality silage should approximately be 4.2. The DM degradability was increased as the addition level of cassava pulp in the silage increased, Lactie acid content of silage was highest at 14TH day ensiling time, The present study insicated that ‘cassava peel and cassava pulp can be used as energy source in silage for dairy cows, particularly in Thailand where pastures are lacked during the dry period, Key words: Cassava peel, cassava pulp, hydrocyanic acd, silage, cattle diets, Thailand INTRODUCTION Shortage of pasture and good quality feed sources normally occurs particularly during. the dry season in ‘Thailand. Moreover, concentrate meal play a major roe in the cost of milk production accounting, for 60-70%, Price of other feedstuis used as energy souroe in the concentrate auch a8 com and cassava chip dramatically increased since, they are competed for ethanol production. Therefore, agro-industrial by-products such as cassava peel and cassava pulp beccmes widely utilized, From cassava starch production 3% of cassava peel is obtained therefore, approximately 552,000 ton of cassava peel s produced per year. ‘This considered being 2 great volume for anim feed In addition, cassava peel contained 62.5-71.08% Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE), 1.65296 Meal GE kg DM and 1.03 Meal DE kg DM“ which are suitable for cattle fed. (Adeghola, 1980, Devendra, 1977; Nwokero and Ekbosushi, 2005). However, cassava or eassava peel coniains a substance, eyanogenieglucosides which Which are in the tissues of eassava expecially the head and leaf, When tissue is destroyed, eyanozenie glucoside are disintegrated to hydrocyanie acid and becomes toxic to human and animal. If human receives only 1.4 mg of hydrocyanic acid per kg body weight, be will die Concentration of hydrocyanie acid in cassava leaves vary but the average is approximately 180-200 mg kg~ fresh leaves. Hydrocyanie acid content in leaves is Tess than in root, ‘The analysis found that hydeooyanie acid in cassava tissue is approximately 15-50 ppm while in eassava peel is approximately 623 ppm. Hydrooyanie acid varies according to species (Soper ef al., 1977) but can destroy lor reduce the toxins by using heat or sunlight. In addition, fermentation will reduce the amount of hydrocyanie acid tos level that docs not harm the animals, The objective of the present research was to demonstrate the se of cassava peel and cassava pulp as energy source feedstuffs in silage, MATERIALS AND METHODS. Feedstuffs (Cassava peel, com husk, cassava pulp and brewer” grain) were analyzed for chemical composition. Feed samples were composited and sub Corresponding Author: Pipat Lounglawan, School of Animal Production Technology, Institato of Agricultural Technolegy, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Aver, Amphur Muang, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, ‘Thailand 1007J. Anion. Vet, Ads, 10 (8): 1007-1011, 2011 ‘Toble: Fons of sage on vais area by grote Silage Formulation (Ke sh wei) bias i 2 a 2 oman rr 2 a Cova pel ed » 40 Casaapup = 4030 0 ° Breve aaa uo Mola 3 3 3 Uren 1 1 1 1 Taal 100100 10100 sampled were taken for further chemical analysis, After being dried (60°C) an ground to pass a mm sereen in a Wiley mill, feed samples were analyzed in duplicate for Dry Matter (DM) by drying a 1 g sample in duplicate at 607 ina conventional oven for 36 for ash by burning a 2 g sample at SO0°C for 3h in a muffle furnace for ether extract and Nitrogen (N) by the method of AAC (1580) for Neutral Detergent Fiber with residual ash (NDF). Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) by the method of Goering and van Soest (1970) and gradation in the ramen ty Nylon bag technique (Orskew eral, 1980), The feedstufls that had been subjected to laboratory inalyses were used to formulate five cifferent silages by varying level of cassava pool (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg fresh weight) on a laboratory seale basis (Table 1), They were then thoroughly mixed and plased in airtight plastic bag and poly-etylene bag respectively. These mintures were ensiled for 14, 20 and 28 days. ‘The experimental design was thos, @ 53 factorial arrangement giving @ total of 15 eatmerts with four replications in each weatment. On the end of the respective ensiling time, samples were taken and freeze tried for DM determination. Dried samples were then ground and analyzed for ash, crude protein, crude fiber, fat concentration (AOAC, 1990) for NDF and ADF (Goering and van Soest, 1970) for pH using pH mete for acetate butyrate and letate using Gas Chromatography (GC) (Ottenstain and Bartley, 1971) and for rumen dlegradability or in sacco digestibility using the method of| (rskow ef af. (1980) and Orskov and MeDenald (1979). Analysis of lydroeyanic acid use the method described ty Indira and Sinha (1969) All data. measured were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SAS procedure (Statistical Analysis System). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Chemical composition and DM degradability of feedstufts are shoven in Table 2. Corn husks were high in dey matter which is probably because high ambient temperature during drying com husk). Soper ef al. (1977) using com cobs sweet as roughages in dairy cows ‘Table Chumical camposions of ariclaal by-products wed ithe ‘epeina QteaieS2) Feeds Results Caswapee] Casava pub Com usk Dewar Dst 25154036 2297. 940TAGOT 9124006 oe TownIs 208016 LRbso6 38178092 Fa 92.082 0154010 o9Dun29 7324082 a Vi6eh76 7880 ISI? _AaHNOL oe lo7ee048 1228099 s427=250 13112010 NDE THsTaNM GL S6eNOL BRIA SUSE ADF T8712 MoROM S87HNIG InEsnEE ADL Dasen2) Sigel 2 ISAM O18END4 we Salen4s 281s 72 9mDs RGESI8 DIN O3S:001 0216012 OxsAnOL 70004 NDINcP 220006 138-008 o9BsnoL 4392024 ADIN oissn02 37002 o1sano2 —sse002 Apmice LiRe0 102512012 0985005 S.te010 HCN (ppm) 399.0106 AL 74599. = TDN Co! Rose BH SDIT=D GD SB 36 TO as TTL OD DE, Mlke-'? LES00 20R014 188005 $8026 DepiMealig')) 212008 216-010 1852002 MEOMeallar')) Lessons 1722010 1484002 NEG (Mealke"h#Loosans —Lo2=ous Osts002 aa. ser a7 sea AIDNg G0) = UNFCHICDYGIEA-29 UNDE —7 DE, Oa ke) = "Yuavrevtoop4. 2}{auNDFIO0)-42}{4ACPI00)~ 50 [e100 24] - 03 Discount = [CDN [LI8TDN,) {o.spslaake] TDN? DE» Meal kaDM-) = DE x Disco ME, = [Lot-(De) 045} [9.00%6-EE -3)f NE ~ A078 ME, Meal ks) 199 qlaO09T: Me,+0 19) 97D apr agar ect degra ofDM 9) showed that com cobs sweet contained 6.5% protein, 1.0% fat, 36.6% crude fiber, 68.2% NDF and 41.1% ADF, Com husk in the present stud hacl 1.08% protein, 343% fiber and 38.7% which were lower than reported by Soper etal. (1977) ‘Cassava peel has higher dry matter than that reported by Adegbola (1980) (25.2 and 13.5%, respectively). Xwokoro and Ekiosuehi (2005), Devendra (1977) and ‘Adegbola (1980) found that cassava peel had 43,48 and 6.5% protein, respectively while ashes were 1.0, 42 and 6.5% respectively. Cassava peel was low in protein (1.0%) and high in ash (17.7%), The pereentage of fiber is close to Nwokoro and Ekhosuehi (2005) and Adegbote (1980) reports (108, 12.0 and 11.0%, respectively) ‘Cassava palp showed less DM (22.8%) than these reported by Mueller et al. (1978) and Suksombat etal (2007) (88 8 and 92.6%, respectively) while protein (2.0%) was similar to Preston, However, crue fiber (123%), NDF (61.4%) and ADF (14.7%) were higher than reported by Preston (50, 340 and 80%, respectively). Cassava contains relatively high crude fiber, NDF and ADF. The nutrient values of cassava peel ate dependent on climatology, soil fertility, species, age of harvest, processing, ete, (Mueller ef a, 1978), Brewers’ grain is @ souree of protein feedstuff. It contained 33.2% CP which was higher than those reported by Suksombat and 1008