1.

The following table shows the tests a student does on compound V and the conclusions
made from observations.
Complete the table by stating the conclusion in test (a), the observation in test (c) and
suggest both the tests and observations that lead to the conclusions in tests (b) and (d).

test observation conclusion

(a) V is dissolved in A colourless solution Transition elements might not
water and the solution is obtained. be present
divided into three parts
for tests (b), (c) and (d).

(b)(i)Add few drops of NaOH to White precipitate V may contain Al 3+,

the sample V . observed . Ca2+ or Zn2+ ions,

White precipitate stays

(ii)Add excess of NaOH to intact / insoluble V may contain Ca2+ ions.
the sample V.

(c) To the second part White precipitate The presence of

aqueous ammonia is
added until a change
was seen.
Add excess of ammonia to the
sample V.
observed . Ca2+ ions in V is
confirmed.
White precipitate stays
The presence of
intact / insoluble
Ca2+ ions in V is
confirmed.

(d) Add aq. NaOH and Al foil , Pungent smelling V contains NO3 – ions.
and warm gently . Ammonia gas
produced turns moist
red litmus to blue .

[Total: 10]
 2. V is a compound which contains two ions.
Complete the table by adding the observations for (a), (b)(i), (b)(ii) and (c), and the test and
observation for (d).

test observation conclusion

(a) V is dissolved in water A colourless solution is V is probably not a
and the solution divided formed compound
into three parts for use in of a transition metal.
(b), (c) and (d).

(b) (i) To the first part, White precipitate is Sample V may contain
aqueous sodium Ca2+ , Zn2+ , or Al3+
observed . ions .
hydroxide is added
until a change is
seen.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous sodium White precipitate stays intact
hydroxide is added / insoluble
to the mixture from (i).
V may contain Ca2+ ions.

(c) To the second part, White precipitate is The presence of Ca2+ in V

aqueous ammonia is observed . is confirmed.
added until a change is
seen.
The presence of Ca2+ in V
White precipitate stays is confirmed.
intact.
An excess of ammonia was added
to the test tube .
(d)Dilute nitric acid and aqueous White precipitate was The presence of Cl– in V is
silver nitrate were added to theobserved . confirmed.
sample solution of V .

The formula for sample V is = …CaCl2 .……………………………………….

[Total: 8]
 3. M is a compound which contains two ions.
Complete the table by adding the observation in test (a), the conclusions in tests (b) and (c)
and both the test and observation for test (d).

test observations conclusions

(a) M is dissolved in water A colourless solution is M is probably not a compound
and the resulting solution observed . of a transition metal.
is divided into three
parts for tests (b), (c)
and (d).

(b) (i) To the first part, white precipitate The sample may contain
aqueous sodium Al3+ , Zn2+ or Ca2+ ions .
hydroxide is added
until a change is The sample may contain Al3+
seen. or Zn2+ ions .

(ii) An excess of the precipitate dissolves

aqueous sodium
hydroxide is added
to the mixture from
(i).
(c) (i) To the second part, white precipitate The sample may contain Al3+
aqueous ammonia or Zn2+ ions .
is added until a
change is seen. Zn2+ ions presence is
confirmed .
(ii) An excess of the precipitate dissolves
aqueous ammonia
is added to the
mixture from (i).
(d) To the sample add dilute Yellow precipitate is observed . M contains I– ions.
HNO3 , and aqueous
AgNO3 .
Conclusion: the formula of M is .....................ZnI2.......................................................
[Total: 8]
 4. The table shows the tests a student does on compound V.
Complete the table by stating the conclusion in test (a), the observations in tests (b) and (c) and
suggest both the test and observation that lead to the conclusion in test (d).

test observation conclusion

(a) V is dissolved A colourless solution is
in water and the obtained.
solution divided into
three parts for tests
(b), (c) and (d).

(b) (i) To the first part, V may contain

aqueous sodium Al 3+, Ca2+ or Zn2+ ions.
hydroxide is
added until a
change is seen.

(ii) An excess of V may contain

aqueous sodium Al 3+ or Zn2+ ions,
hydroxide is
added to the mixture from (i).

(c) (i) To the second

part, aqueous
ammonia is added
until a change is
seen.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous ammonia The presence of Zn2+
is added to the mixture from (i). ions in V is confirmed.

(d) V contains NO3 – ions.

[Total: 8]
 5. The following table shows the tests a student does on compound W and the conclusions
made from the observations.
Complete the table by adding the observations for tests (a), (b) and (c) and both the test and
observation which lead to the conclusion for test (d).

test observations conclusions

(a) W is dissolved in water W does not contain a
and the solution divided transition metal.
into three parts for tests
(b), (c) and (d).

(b) (i) To the first part W may contain Al 3+ or Zn2+

aqueous sodium ions.
hydroxide is added
until a change is
seen.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous sodium
hydroxide is added
to the mixture from

(c) (i) To the second part The presence of Al 3+ ions in

aqueous ammonia W is confirmed.
is added until a
change is seen.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous ammonia
is added to the mixture from (i).

(d) W contains NO3 – ions.

Conclusion:
The formula for W is .....................................
[Total: 10]
 6. M is a compound which contains three ions.
Complete the table by adding the conclusion for (a), the observations for (b)(i), (ii) and (iii),
and both the test and observation for (c).

test observations conclusions

(a) M is dissolved in water A coloured solution is formed.

and the resulting solution
divided into two parts for
use in tests (b), (c).

(b) (i) To the first part, M contains Fe2+ ions.

aqueous sodium
hydroxide is added
until a change is
seen.
M contains Fe2+ ions.
(ii) An excess of
aqueous sodium
hydroxide is added
to the mixture
from (i). M contains NH + ions.
4
(iii) This mixture is
heated.

2–
(c) M contains SO4 ions.

[Total: 8]
 7. V is a compound which contains two ions.
Complete the table by adding the observations for tests (a), (b) and (c) and the test and
observation for test (d).

test observations conclusions

(a) V is dissolved in water V is probably not a
and the resulting solution compound of a transition
divided into three parts metal.
for tests (a), (b) and (c).

(b) (i) To the first part,

aqueous sodium
hydroxide is added
until a change is
seen.

(ii) An excess of V may contain Al 3+ or Zn2+

aqueous sodium ions.
hydroxide is added
to the mixture
from (i).

(c) (i) To the second part,

aqueous ammonia
is added until a
change is seen.

(ii) An excess of The presence of Al 3+ ions is

confirmed.
aqueous ammonia
is added to the
mixture from (i).

2–
(d) V contains SO4 ions.

Conclusion: the formula of V is ...........................................

[Total: 8]
 8. The following table shows the tests a student does on compound Z. Complete the table
by adding the conclusion for (a), the observations for tests (b) and (c) and both the test
and observation which lead to the conclusion for test (d).

test observations conclusions

(a) Z is dissolved in water A coloured solution is formed.
and the solution divided
into three parts for tests
(b), (c) and (d).

(b) (i) To the first part, Z contains Fe2+ ions.

aqueous sodium
hydroxide is added
until a change is
seen.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous sodium
hydroxide is added
to the mixture from (i).

(c) (i) To the second part, The presence of Fe2+ ions is

aqueous ammonia confirmed.
is added until a
change is seen.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous ammonia
is added to the mixture from (i).

(d) Z contains SO4 2– ions.

Conclusion
The formula for Z is ...........................................
[Total: 9]
 9. The following table shows the tests a student did on substance V and the conclusions
made from the observations. Complete the table by describing these observations and
suggest the test and observation which led to the conclusion in test (d).
test observation conclusion

(a) V was dissolved in water V does not contain a

and the solution divided transition metal.
into three parts for tests (b),
(c) and (d).

(b) (i) To the first part, V may contain Zn2+

aqueous sodium ions or Al 3+ ions.
hydroxide was added
until a change was
seen.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous sodium
hydroxide was
added to the mixture
from (i).

(c) (i) To the second part The presence of Zn2+

aqueous ammonia ions is confirmed in V.
was added until a
change was seen.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous ammonia
was added to the
mixture from (i).

(d) V contains I– ions.

Conclusion: the formula of compound V is ......................................................................... [9]

10. A student was given a sample of a substance V. The table below shows the tests the
student did on V. Complete the table by adding the conclusion for test (a), the
observations for test (b)(i) and (b)(ii) and the tests and observations for tests (c)(i), (c)(ii)
and (d).
test observations conclusions

(a) Substance V was A colourless solution was

dissolved in water and the formed.
resulting solution divided
into three parts for tests
(b), (c) and (d).

(b) (i) To the first part V may contain Al 3+

aqueous sodium ions or Zn2+ ions.
hydroxide was added
until a change was
seen.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous sodium
hydroxide was added
to the mixture
from (b)(i).

(c) (i) The presence of Zn2+

ions was confirmed.

(ii)

(d) V contains Cl – ions.

[Total: 9]
 11. The following table shows the tests a student did on compound T.
Complete the table by describing the observation in test (a) and the test and observations,
which lead to the conclusion in test (d). For tests (b) and (c) suggest which ion(s) may be
present in T as indicated by the observations for each test.

test observation conclusion

(a) T was dissolved in water T does not contain a
and the solution divided transition metal. .
into three parts for tests
(b), (c) and (d).

(b) (i) To the first part A white precipitate was

aqueous sodium produced.
hydroxide was
added until a
change was seen.
T may contain
(ii) An excess of .....................................ion(s).
aqueous sodium The white precipitate
hydroxide was dissolved.
added to the mixture from (i).

(c) (i) To the second part A white precipitate was

aqueous ammonia produced.
was added until a T contains the
change was seen. .....................................ion.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous ammonia The white precipitate
was added to the mixture from remained in the solution.
(i).

(d)

T contains NO3 – ions.

Conclusion: the formula of compound T is .............................................. [Total: 9]

 12. The following table shows the tests a student did on compound L and the conclusions
made from the observations. Complete the table by describing these observations
including the name of any gas evolved.
test observation conclusion

(a) (i) L was dissolved in L may contain the CO2– ion.

3
hydrochloric acid.

(ii) The gas which was The presence of the CO2– ion
3
given off was tested. in L is confirmed.
(b) The colour of the L is a compound of a
solution from (a)(i) was transition metal.
noted. This solution was
divided into two parts for
tests (c) and (d).
(c) (i) To the first part L may contain Cu2+ ions.
aqueous sodium
hydroxide was
added until a
change was seen.

(ii) An excess of
aqueous sodium
hydroxide was
added to the
mixture from (i).

(d) (i) To the second part

aqueous ammonia
was added until a
change was seen.

(ii) An excess of The presence of Cu2+ ions in

aqueous ammonia L is confirmed.
was added to the
mixture from (i).

Conclusion: the formula of compound L is .............................................

[Total: 9]
 13. The following table shows the tests a student did on compound W.
Complete the table by adding the observations for (a), (c)(i) and (c)(ii) and the tests and
observations for tests (b)(i), (b)(ii) and (d).

test observations conclusions

(a) W was dissolved in Transition metal ions are not
water and the resulting present in the solution of W.
solution divided into
three parts for tests (b),
(c) and (d).
(b) (i) W may contain Al3+ ions or
Zn2+ ions.

(ii)

(c) (i) To the second part The presence of Zn2+ ions

aqueous ammonia was confirmed.
was added until a
change was seen.
(ii) An excess of
aqueous ammonia
was added to the
mixture from (i).

(d) W contains Cl – ions.

[Total: 9]
 14. V is a mixture of two compounds which together contain four ions.
The following table shows the tests a student did on V.
Any gas produced was tested.
Complete the table by describing the conclusion in test (a), the observations in test (b) and
the tests and observations in both (c) and (d).

test observations conclusions

(a) V was dissolved in water A coloured solution was
and the resulting solution produced.
divided into three parts
for tests (b), (c) and (d).

(b) (i) To the first part

aqueous sodium
hydroxide was V may contain Fe2+ions.
added until a
change was seen.

(ii) An excess of The presence of Fe2+ ions in

aqueous sodium V is confirmed.
hydroxide was
added to the
mixture from (i).

(iii) The mixture from V contains NH4 + ions.

(ii) was heated.

(c)
V contains SO4 2– ions.

(d) V contains Cl – ions.

Suggest the formula for each of two compounds which could have been used to make up V.
.................................................. and ..................................................
[Total: 13]
 15. V is a mixture of two compounds which together contain four ions.
The following table shows the tests a student did on V.
Any gas produced was tested.
Complete the table by describing the conclusion in test (a), the observations in test (b) and
the tests and observations in both (c) and (d).

test observations conclusions

(a) V was dissolved in water A coloured solution was
and the resulting solution produced.
divided into three parts
for tests (b), (c) and (d).

(b) (i) To the first part

aqueous sodium V may contain Fe2+ ions.
hydroxide was
added until a
change was seen. The presence of Fe2+ ions in
(ii) An excess of V is confirmed.
aqueous sodium
hydroxide was
added to the
mixture from (i). V contains NH + ions.
(iii) The mixture from 4
(ii) was heated.

2–
(c) V contains SO4 ions.

(d) V contains Cl – ions.

Suggest the formula for each of two compounds which could have been used to make up V.
.................................................. and ..................................................
[Total: 13]