EFFECTS OF FORCE.

● Force can make an object at rest to start moving.

● It can slow down or stop moving object.
● It can change the direction of an object.
● It can change the shape of an object.

TYPES OF FORCES
● They are divided into two major categories:
1. Contact forces: these are forces that act when objects are in contact with each
other. They include:
-frictional force
-tensional force
-air resistance
-Upthrust
-thrust

2. Non-contact forces( action-at-a distance forces): these forces act when

objects are further apart. They include:
-gravitational force
-magnetic force
-electric force.

FRICTIONAL FORCE:
● This is a force that acts against anything moving. It also acts when two objects are
rubbed against each other.
● It always acts to oppose the motion of an object. For this reason, it acts in the
opposite direction to which an object is moving.
AIR RESISTANCE(DRAG)
● This is a special type of frictional force that acts against anything moving in air.

TENSIONAL FORCE
● This is a type of force that acts when in a stretched string or spring. eg a stretched
rubber band.

UPTHRUST
● This is a force that acts upwards on objects that are immersed in water.
THRUST
● This is a force that makes objects move forward. Eg, the thrust from the car’s engine
makes move forward.

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
● This is a force that pulls all objects towards the centre of the earth. It is also known
as weight.
● All objects on the earth’s surface experience this force.
MAGNETIC FORCE
● This is a force of attraction or repulsion between two magnets.

ELECRITICAL FORCE
● It is the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies.
 MASS AND WEIGHT

● Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It’s SI unit is Kilogram(Kg)

● We use a beam balance to measure mass.
● Mass of an object remains the same everywhere.

● Weight is the force of gravity pulling an object towards the centre of the earth.
● It is measured in newtons (N) using a newton-meter.
● The weight of an object varies from place to place. This is because the gravitational
field strength varies from place to place. For example, the gravitational field strength
of the earth is approximately 10N/Kg; but that of the moon is 1.67N/Kg.
This means that an object will weigh less on the moon than on the earth.

● If you know the mass of an object, you can calculate its weight by multiplying its
mass in kilograms by the force of gravity.

Weight(N) = Mass(Kg) x gravitational field strength (N/Kg)

Example:
Calculate the weight of a 2- kilogram bag of flour.

Weight = M x g

= 2 x 10

= 20 N.

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