Learning Guide 09: Animal Health Care Service NTQF Level-IV

ASSOSA AGRICULTURAL TVET COLLEGE
Animal health care service

NTQF Level- IV
Learning Guide 09
Unit of Competence: Euthanize Sick, Injured or
Unwanted Animals
Module Title: Euthanizing Sick, Injured
or Unwanted Animals
LG Code: AGR AHC4 M03 L02 LG09
TTLM Code: AGR AHC4 TTLM 1021v1
LO2: Carry out euthanasia of an animal

Instruction Sheet Learning Guide 01
TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

TTLM : AGR AHC4 version 1 Level IV Page 1 of 36
TTLM, SEP. 2021
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics –
 Using PPE and safety equipment in accordance with OHS standards and statutory
requirements.
 Handling and transporting equipment safely at all times in accordance with statutory
requirements and industry practices.
 Restraining animals physically in a way that minimises its pain and distress.
 Applying euthanasia method according to the requirements of the task.
 Monitoring euthanasia procedure to ensure that the animal’s death is rapid and without
complications or undue suffering.
 Following organisational guidelines and procedures and relevant legislative
requirements
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –
 Use PPE and safety equipment in accordance with OHS standards and statutory
requirements.
 Handle and transport equipment safely at all times in accordance with statutory
requirements and industry practices.
 Restrain animals physically in a way that minimises its pain and distress.
 Apply euthanasia method according to the requirements of the task.
 Monitor euthanasia procedure to ensure that the animal’s death is rapid and without
complications or undue suffering.
 Follow organisational guidelines and procedures and relevant legislative requirements
Learning Instructions:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described in number 3 to 20.
3. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 1”. Try to understand what are being
discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard time understanding them.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1” in page 6.
5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request your teacher to
correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you finished answering the Self-
check 1).

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6. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to “Information Sheet 2”. However, if your
rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions or go back to Learning
Activity #1.
7. Submit your accomplished Self-check. This will form part of your training portfolio.
8. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet 2”. Try to understand what are being
check 2).
11. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 3. Try to understand what are being
check 3).
14. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to “Operation Sheet 1” in page 16. However,
if your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions or go back to
Learning Activity #1.
15. Read the “Operation Sheet 1” and try to understand the procedures discussed.

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21. Do the “LAP test” in page 17 (if you are ready). Request your teacher to evaluate your
performance and outputs. Your teacher will give you feedback and the evaluation will be
either satisfactory or unsatisfactory. If unsatisfactory, your teacher shall advice you on
additional work
Using PPE and safety equipment in accordance with OHS

Information Sheet-1 standards and statutory requirements.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PRINT
On this page: Functions, Equipment, All Animal Areas Procedures, Rodent Animal

Areas Procedures, Macaque Animal Areas Procedures, Cat, Chinchilla, Rabbit, and Pig
Animal Areas Procedures, Cage Wash Area Procedures
This standard operating procedure (SOP) defines the requirements for personal
protective equipment (PPE) and protective clothing for MED & CRCCharles River
Campus.
Functions
 Protect personnel who enter animal facilities and/or perform animal procedures
from exposure to animal dander, hair, secretions, and excretions that may cause
allergic respiratory and skin responses, or that may cause illness.
 Prevent exposure (to animal dander, hair, secretions, and excretions) of persons
by contact with persons who have been in animal facilities or have conducted animal
procedures.
 Minimize the risk of possible ocular, oral, or dermal exposure to chemical
disinfectants.
 Minimize the transmission of disease agents among animals.

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 To protect personnel working with macaques or macaque tissues from the risk of
Herpes B virus infection and other naturally occurring infectious diseases of macaques.
This procedure applies to anyone entering an animal or procedure room occupied by

one or more animals
Handling and transporting equipment safely at all times in

accordance with statutory requirements and industry
Information Sheet-2 practices.
Statutory requirements include:

 Euthanasia of animals will be controlled by:
 Legislation, including Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Acts, the Ethiopian Code of Practice
for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes, Wildlife Acts, Fisheries Acts and
Quarantine Acts
 Government regulations covering the transport and disposal of hazardous wastes
Organizational standard operating procedures
 Owners agreement
Regulating euthanasia
These are the common positions people take on the question of regulating euthanasia.
It's not possible to regulate euthanasia

Euthanasia opponents don't believe that it is possible to draft laws and guidelines that will
prevent the abuse of euthanasia.
It's possible but very difficult

Those in favour of euthanasia think that there is no reason why euthanasia can't be
controlled by proper regulation, but even they fear that regulations won't deal with people
who want to implement euthanasia for bad motives.
This is little different from the position with any crime. The law prohibits murder, but that
doesn't stop bad people committing murders.
Nonetheless, people worry that whatever regulations are put into place they won't stop
patients, particularly vulnerable ones, being pressured to choose death when they would
rather live for a few more weeks.

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Some rules are better than none
It's hard to think that creating a structure to regulate euthanasia will have a worse result than
not having any regulations at all.
This argument goes that since euthanasia will continue to take place, even though it's
illegal, it would surely be better to make it legal and regulate it so as to minimize abuse.
A similar argument was used as part of the case for making abortion legal. It's not that
convincing if it's the only argument.
However, vulnerable patients might be better protected than they are at present if there were
set procedures and rules that had to be followed for euthanasia.
Indeed, a patient who feared that they were under pressure to decide in favour of euthanasia
would be able to gain help and support by initiating the formal procedures involved in
regulated euthanasia - something that they cannot do now.
Top
What would good regulations look like?
For safeguards to be meaningful and effective, they have to involve investigations of the
patient's psyche, his family dynamics and the financial implications of his death, among with
more obvious things such as the patient's medical condition and the likely course of the
disease.
In order to ensure that requests are properly considered, by the patient, the family and the
authorities, regulations need to build in a time-period for reconsideration.
Proper regulation must also make sure that a patient was receiving good palliative
care before a request for euthanasia is considered.
Although the procedures outlined above are time-consuming and expensive, that does not
mean that they are impractical.
Top

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Existing systems of legalised euthanasia
The Oregon approach

The US state of Oregon legalised physician-assisted suicide in 1998.
During the first three years, only around 2 people a month used this to
end their lives. This was partly because of the severe conditions that had
to be satisfied before a request for euthanasia could be granted:
 patient must be resident in Oregon

 patient must be aged over 18
 patient must make 2 oral and 1 written request for euthanasia
 there must be at least 15 days between the first and the last
request
 patient must be terminally ill with a life expectancy of less than 6
months
 this prognosis must be confirmed by a second consultant physician
 both doctors must confirm that the patient is capable of making this
decision
 both doctors must confirm that the patient does not have medical
condition that impairs their judgement
 patient must self-administer the lethal medication
About 30% of patients who started the process died before it was
completed. 19 patients in the period who were given access to lethal
medication decided not to use it. One survey showed that 45% of
patients who were given good palliative care changed their mind about
euthanasia.
Another reason for the low take-up was the difficulty of finding a doctor
who go along with the request: The Oregon Health Division reported that
only a fifth of physicians of control patients dying of similar terminal
illnesses would have prescribed a lethal medication if asked.
The Dutch approach

In the Netherlands voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide are still
criminal offences, but doctors are exempt from criminal liability in certain

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circumstances. The Netherlands Criminal Code Article 293, paragraph
two, stipulates that the doctor:
 must be convinced that the patient has made a voluntary and well-
considered request to die
 must be convinced that the patient is facing interminable and
unendurable suffering
 has informed the patient about his situation and his prospects
 together with the patient, must be convinced that there is no other
reasonable solution
 has consulted at least one other independent doctor who has seen
the patient
 and given his written assessment of the due care requirements as
referred to in the points above
 has helped the patient to die with due medical care
The Dutch law also permits euthanasia for non-adults. Children of 16 and
17 can make their own decision, but their parents must be involved in the
decision-making process regarding the ending of their life. For children
aged 12 to 16, the approval of parents or guardian is required.
If a patient can no longer express their wishes, but made a written

statement containing a request for termination of life before they became
incompetent, a doctor is allowed to carry out their request providing the
other conditions are met.
Two thirds of the requests for euthanasia that are put to doctors are
refused. Neither doctors nor nurses can ever be censured for failing to
comply with requests for euthanasia.
Restraining animals physically in a way that minimises its

Information Sheet-3 pain and distress.

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Handling and restraint for
euthanasia
Some methods of euthanasia (e.g. use of overdose of an
inhalational anaesthetic or use of carbon dioxide) can be
carried out without handling the animal if all the animals
in the cage are to be killed at the same time. This
reduces to a minimum the stress associated with
handling, but moving the cage from the animal room to
the area in which the animals are to be killed must be
done carefully, avoiding unnecessary disturbance to the
animals. Whenever possible, euthanise the animals
immediately after moving them.
Applying euthanasia method according to the requirements

Information Sheet-4 of the task.
Euthanasia of Cattle: Practical

Considerations and Application
by

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Jan Keith Shearer
Professor and Extension Veterinarian, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University,
Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
Animals 2018, 8(4), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8040057
Received: 14 March 2018 / Revised: 4 April 2018 / Accepted: 11 April 2018 / Published: 17
April 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Humane Killing and Euthanasia of Animals on
Farms)
View Full-Text Download PDF
Browse Figures
Review Reports Citation Export
Abstract
Acceptable methods for the euthanasia of cattle include overdose of an anesthetic, gunshot and
captive bolt. The use of anesthetics for euthanasia is costly and complicates carcass disposal.
These issues can be avoided by use of a physical method such as gunshot or captive bolt;
however, each requires that certain conditions be met to assure an immediate loss of

TTLM, SEP. 2021
consciousness and death. For example, the caliber of firearm and type of bullet are important
considerations when gunshot is used. When captive bolt is used, a penetrating captive bolt
loaded with the appropriate powder charge and accompanied by a follow up (adjunctive) step to
assure death are required. The success of physical methods also requires careful selection of
the anatomic site for entry of a “free bullet” or “bolt” in the case of penetrating captive bolt.
Disease eradication plans for animal health emergencies necessitate methods of euthanasia
that will facilitate rapid and efficient depopulation of animals while preserving their welfare to the
greatest extent possible. A portable pneumatic captive bolt device has been developed and
validated as effective for use in mass depopulation scenarios. Finally, while most tend to focus
on the technical aspects of euthanasia, it is extremely important that no one forget the human
cost for those who may be required to perform the task of euthanasia on a regular basis.
Symptoms including depression, grief, sleeplessness and destructive behaviors including
alcoholism and drug abuse are not uncommon for those who participate in the euthanasia of
animals. View Full-Text
Keywords: euthanasia; carcass disposal; firearms for euthanasia; captive bolt; anatomic

sites for euthanasia; mass depopulation; euthanasia; caring and killing
paradox; compassion fatigue; post-traumatic stress disorder; perpetuation-induced
traumatic stress
▼ Show Figures

TTLM, SEP. 2021
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution

License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original work is properly cited
Monitoring euthanasia procedure to ensure that the animal’s

Information Sheet-5 death is rapid and without complications or undue suffering.
Animal Monitoring and Humane Intervention Points Intent These guidelines are to inform investigators
about the AEC’s expectations for animal monitoring and to provide them with details of how to develop
a monitoring plan, monitoring records and how to set humane intervention points and endpoints for
their projects. The principal aim of monitoring animals used for scientific purposes is to detect or predict
pain, suffering, changes in animal health or wellbeing or any other adverse or unplanned effects so that
action can be taken. Animals may also be having certain measurements taken or observations made that
relate specifically to the project or research or teaching activity they are involved in, however,
monitoring an animal’s overall wellbeing must be carried out in addition to obtaining research results.

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Careful animal monitoring is also important for scientific outcomes. Changes in an animal’s wellbeing
can affect physiological responses and research results. Monitoring records can be reviewed in the face
of outliers and aberrant results and help in any investigation and to justify the exclusion of animals. The
description of how animals will be monitored during a project needs to be outlined in the monitoring
plan which must be described in the AEC application. Once a project is approved, the animals must be
monitored exactly as described in application or else it will be considered a breach of approval.
Developing a Monitoring Plan When developing a monitoring plan for animals in a project, the following
should be taken into account: • Animal details i.e. species, strain/line, phenotype (particularly if it is
genetically modified), sex and age • Project details i.e. The types of procedures, the level of impact at
each stage, housing type and stocking rate/density • Available resources i.e. Remote monitoring systems
and telemetry, anaesthetic monitors and handling equipment • The levels and frequency of monitoring
required and whether different monitoring regimens are required at different stages or for different
procedures. E.g. Acclimation, pre-research, post-surgical monitoring, anaesthetic monitoring, monitoring
of new strains of gm animals • The personnel who will be carrying out the monitoring, whether they are
competent or may require training and supervision in order to reach an acceptable level of competence
• Scientific endpoints: the monitoring plan should take into account the earliest time the animals can be
removed from the project • Pre-determined humane intervention points Previous experience, pilot
studies and literature reviews should be used to determine likely effects of the research on the animals
and assist in the development of monitoring plans and humane intervention points. Level of Monitoring
The level of monitoring refers to the degree of interaction with the animal during monitoring, for
example, different levels of monitoring may include: inspecting the animal in their cage or environment
from a distance with no interaction, undisturbed observation of the animal at rest, handling the animal
for closer observation or restraint and physical examination. Animals must be monitored at a level
appropriate to the species, type of housing and impact of the procedures being undertaken. The level of
monitoring needs to be sufficient to detect clinical signs and behavioural changes indicative of pain or
distress resulting from their use in the project and should at least be to a level of close individual
observation, but during and after high impact procedures should involve a physical examination. 2
Generally, monitoring animals will involve making an initial assessment of their behaviour and
appearance from a distance, without disturbing them, before making a closer observation or
examination. This is because the many animal species have survival instincts that means that they are
likely to change their behaviour when they feel they are being observed in a way that disguises signs of
pain or distress. Monitoring Criteria Monitoring criteria are generally observable indicators of an

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animal’s wellbeing that can be measured and are known to change when an animal is in pain, distress or
unwell. Where possible they should be objective observations of clinical signs the animal is exhibiting
rather than subjective diagnoses of specific problems. This takes away personal bias from the
assessment and allows the observations to be interpreted at a later date by someone else. Monitoring
criteria can include any of the following: • Behaviour: activity, response to stimuli, including their
interaction with other animals (interacting or isolating themselves), presence of stereotypic behaviour •
Basic bodily functions: food and water consumption, defaecation and urination • Body weight and/or an
assessment of body condition and changes in body weight/condition over time • Physical appearance:
coat, posture, ear position, head position • Physiological/clinical parameters: blood pressure, heart rate,
body temperature, respiration rate • Criteria related to specific procedures: suture line, surgical site,
cannulations, tumour size, lesion size Frequency of Monitoring Animals should be checked frequently
enough for the onset of any adverse events to be detected as soon as possible after they begin so that
distress, pain or discomfort can be minimised. Animals that have had undergone an invasive procedure
or procedures that lead to physiological or mental stress should be monitored more frequently than
animals that have not. After an invasive procedure, or after the onset of physiological/mental stress, it
would be expected that an animal would include an examination of any incisions up until the time that
healing was complete. Animals should be checked by someone at least daily, even on weekends.
Records and Documentation Animals must have a monitoring records showing that all the necessary
criteria have been assessed at each of the monitoring timepoints, although one record may be used for
multiple animals if the impact of the research is low. Separate monitoring records should be developed
for monitoring during anaesthesia and procedures and these must be kept in the animal facilities. For all
animals, it should be easy to cross-match an animal with its monitoring record and AEC approval. To
achieve this, the following information should be on the monitoring record: • Animal ID (except fish
housed in groups) • Cage/tank/pen number • Species • Age or date of birth (if known) • AEC approval
number And the following information should be on the cage/pen/tank: • Animal ID(s) or number of
animals in the Cage/tank/pen (for group housed fish and livestock) 3 • Cage/tank/pen number • AEC
approval number Monitoring records should also show when an animal has undergone a procedure,
requires or receives treatments such as analgesia or other medications. The cages or pens of animals
requiring extra monitoring, treatments or medication must be appropriately flagged to indicate the
requirement for extra care. Animal monitoring records, anaesthetic and procedure monitoring records,
AEC Approvals and details of the person responsible for the animals and their emergency contact details
must be available in the animal rooms at all times and accessible to all people involved in the care of the

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animals. They must be made available to the AEC (or delegate) as required. The minimum monitoring
requirements for a low impact project should include: • When the animal is fed/watered/cleaned •
Body weight or an assessment of body condition • Look for any obvious physical or behavioural
abnormalities Records for the animals should be available in the facility up to the time the animals leave
or are killed. After this, the records can be removed and archived. There are many reasons that the AEC
may request animal monitoring records, including: during a complaint investigation, following an
adverse event, when reviewing annual and final reports, or during announced or surprise inspections. If,
when requested, the records cannot be provided, the AEC will assume that monitoring was not carried
out and action may be taken against those responsible for the animal monitoring. It’s therefore
important to monitor and record details as outlined in the AEC application. After the completion of a
project, monitoring records should be retained in line with the University’s record retention
requirements for laboratory books. Examples/templates of monitoring records can be found in the
appendices. Personnel Animals must be monitored by competent people at all stages, and the person or
people responsible for monitoring must be clearly outlined and communicated to all parties. Animal care
staff may do basic monitoring of animals, including checking food, water and bedding as a part of their
role in the routine husbandry of the animals, but all monitoring related to the scientific project needs to
be done by research or teaching staff who understand the project and its potential effects om the
animals. At the beginning of a project, it should be made clear who will be responsible for what aspects
of animal care and monitoring, including on weekends and holidays (if applicable). Animal carers may be
involved in more intensive monitoring related to the project if they have received a copy of the AEC
protocol and trained in, and agree to, their roles. They also need to be named on the AEC protocol as co-
investigators if this is happening. Adverse Events All adverse events or abnormalities with animals need
to be recorded and communicated to the Principal Investigator or other responsible person. If action
isn’t taken within a reasonable time, the facility manager, AEC or AWO can be contacted. All Unexpected
Adverse Events (UAE) must also be reported to the AEC within 48 hours according the UAE Reporting
Procedures. Monitoring New Genetically Modified Animal Lines The Code says that where new
genetically modified lines of animals are to be created, and the impact of the genetic modification is
unknown, the lines must be monitored sufficiently until the effect of the modification on 4 the animals
can be determined. This will in turn allow the animal technicians care for the animals in a way that will
minimise the effects that the genetic modifications may have on their wellbeing. The monitoring of GM
lines involves observing the animals at various stages of life, from birth until death or euthanasia, noting
abnormalities at each stage including body weight, physical characteristics, reproductive ability,

TTLM, SEP. 2021
fertility/fecundity including litter size and changes in litter size over time. Once sufficient data has been
collected, a report can be submitted to the AEC outlining the phenotype and the line can be approved
for general use. Note that the phenotype referred to in the Code related to the animals’ day-to-day
functioning and wellbeing when not challenged by experimental conditions, rather than a phenotype
that related to specific physiological pathways that may only become evident once specific experimental
stressors are imposed. Setting Humane Endpoints/Intervention Points When animals are used for
scientific purposes it is the legal and ethical obligation of all involved to: • Ensure the animals are only
used for the shortest period of time necessary for the scientific or teaching outcomes to be reached •
Prevent or minimise any pain and distress to that which is unavoidable for the purpose of achieving the
scientific outcomes. Therefore, an animal’s involvement in a project must end when: • A scientific
endpoint has been reached • For some reason, there is no way the scientific outcome can be met • The
animal develops severe pain or discomfort that does not respond to analgesia, or • The animal develops
a morbidity that is unexpected, not part of the study terminal or that cannot be treated without
interfering with the scientific outcomes When an animal is in pain or distress that cannot be relieved,
the animal must be removed from the situation. That could mean removing the animal from an
experiment or activity either temporarily or permanently, euthanasia, ceasing the activity, releasing the
animal or abandoning observations. At all times, the welfare of the animal takes precedent over
reaching a research or teaching outcome. Humane intervention points are a set of clear (objective)
criteria or clinical signs that define the point at which investigators must intervene to prevent
unnecessary pain, distress, suffering or treat any underlying conditions. If the intervention is euthanasia
or removal from the study, then this is called a humane endpoint. Setting pre-determined criteria allows
investigators and animal care staff to make decisions independently, leading to prompt treatment or
removal of animals from an activity if pain and/or distress develop if the person responsible for the
animal cannot be contacted. For low impact work such as teaching, trapping or observational studies,
humane intervention points may refer to a time where animals are seen to stressed or exhibiting
behaviour that is affecting the observation such as avoiding returning to a nest. When considering what
humane endpoint criteria may be relevant, investigators should consult published literature related
specifically to their particular projects or contact other scientists experienced in the area. If death is a
likely outcome from the use of animals in a project, then a pre-terminal humane endpoint must be
chosen in place of death. If the impact of a project on the animals is not known at the beginning of the
project, such as in the development of a new surgical model, a pilot study should be conducted to
determine the monitoring requirements and to set the humane endpoints. 5 In lower impact studies

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such as teaching activities or wildlife or aquatic animal research a humane intervention point is unlikely
to result in euthanasia, but they are nonetheless applicable. In these cases, humane intervention points
may refer to a time where animals are seen to stressed or exhibiting behaviour that is affecting the
observation. Examples of humane intervention points in low impact activities include signs of stress or
distress that mean the activity should be abandoned, such as: • When trapping a marsupial, the animal
exhibits behaviour that mean it is at risk of developing capture myopathy, or is risking injury to itself •
Signs of stress in marsupials that meant that they may drop their pouch young • Changes in behaviour of
birds being observed that could risk the lives of any young by avoiding the nest • Animals showing stress
or aggression during a teaching practical, and so require removal from the activity and a rest from use As
with monitoring criteria, where possible, intervention/endpoints should be clear clinical signs or
measurable physiological or behavioural changes rather than subjective terms such as stressed, in pain,
sick or injured, which are open to interpretation. They should also be species specific. Eg if the endpoint
is that a mouse is stressed, then it would be expected that there would be a description of the signs of
stress in mice, since stress is a subjective term that means different things to different people. Examples
of intervention points include: • Vocalisation • Inactivity • Body weight loss of greater than 20% of the
previous maximum • Drop in body temperature by more than 2 degrees • Aggression – biting,
scratching, striking or growling at personnel • Paralysis of hind limbs There are also certain humane
endpoints that are fairly universal across the species and types of animal use, that indicate an animal is
in severe distress or pain which is unlikely to be reversed and euthanasia is necessary. There are
outlined in appendix 2. Investigators must develop a monitoring plan that is capable of detecting when a
humane endpoint has been reached. Investigators must include all relevant humane intervention points
in the application to the AEC.
Following organisational guidelines and procedures and

Information Sheet-6 relevant legislative requirements
3. GENERAL GUIDING PRINCIPLES Guideline 1: Whenever an animal’s life is to be taken, the animal must
be treated with the highest degree of respect. p. 7 Guideline 2: When performing euthanasia, the
intention should be to make the animal’s death as distress-free and painless as possible. Therefore, the
method likely to cause the least distress and pain to the animal should be selected, consistent with the
nature of the experimental protocol. p. 7 Guideline 3: Euthanasia should result in rapid loss of
consciousness, followed by respiratory and cardiac arrest and ultimate loss of all brain function. p. 7

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Guideline 4: Euthanasia should aim to minimize any pain and distress experienced by the animal prior to
loss of consciousness. When appropriate, restraint should be used in such a manner that pain and
distress associated with the entire process are minimized. p. 8 Guideline 5: Methods used for euthanasia
must be appropriate for the species, age and health status of the animal. p. 8 Guideline 6: Death must
be verified following euthanasia and prior to disposal of the animal. p. 9 Guideline 7: Personnel
responsible for carrying out the euthanasia must be trained to carry it out in the most effective and
humane manner; recognize signs of pain and distress in relevant species; and recognize and confirm
unconsciousness, and subsequently death, in relevant species. p. 9 Guideline 8: Human psychological
responses to euthanasia should be taken into consideration when selecting the method of euthanasia,
but should not take precedence over animal welfare considerations. p. 10 SUMMARY OF THE
GUIDELINES LISTED IN THIS DOCUMENT Summary of Guidelines CCAC guidelines on: euthanasia of
animals used in science 3 4 CCAC guidelines on: euthanasia of animals used in science Summary of
Guidelines Guideline 9: Animal care committees are responsible for approval of the method of
euthanasia for any study involving the use of animals. This includes euthanasia as part of the
experimental protocol, as well as euthanasia for animals found to be experiencing unrelievable pain and
distress or approaching previously agreed endpoints. p. 10 Guideline 10: A veterinarian experienced
with the species in question should be consulted when selecting the method of euthanasia, particularly
when little research has been done on euthanasia of that species. p. 11 4. OvERvIEw OF ACCEPTAbLE
METHODS OF EUTHANASIA Guideline 11: Inhalant anesthetic agents should be administered to induce
rapid and controlled effects under controlled conditions with calibrated equipment. Subsection 4.1.1.1
Inhalation anesthetics, p. 15 5. CONDITIONALLY ACCEPTAbLE METHODS Guideline 12: Carbon dioxide
should not be used where other methods are practical for the experiment and the species. Subsection
5.1 Carbondioxide, p. 18 Guideline 13: If carbon dioxide use is required for non-anesthetized rodents, a
gradual-fill rate of less than 30% and greater than 20% of the chamber volume per minute should be
used. Subsection 5.1 Carbondi
Self-Check 2 Written Test
Name _____________________________ date _______________

Directions: answer the following questions correctly

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REFERENCE
Kelly, W.R. 1984. Veterinary clinical diagnosis. 3rd edition. Ballier Tindall, London, UK.
Rosen Berger, G. 1979. Clinical examination of cattle. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg,
Germany.
Boddie, F. G. 1964. Diagnostic methods in veterinary medicine. 5th edition. Oliver and Boyd LTD.
Edinburgh, UK.

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ASSOSA AGRICULTURAL TVET COLLEGE

Animal health care service

LO2: Carry out euthanasia of an animal

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

Using PPE and safety equipment in accordance with OHS

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

On this page: Functions, Equipment, All Animal Areas Procedures, Rodent Animal

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

This procedure applies to anyone entering an animal or procedure room occupied by

Handling and transporting equipment safely at all times in

Statutory requirements include:

It's not possible to regulate euthanasia

It's possible but very difficult

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

What would good regulations look like?

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

The Oregon approach

 patient must be resident in Oregon

The Dutch approach

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

If a patient can no longer express their wishes, but made a written

Restraining animals physically in a way that minimises its

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

Applying euthanasia method according to the requirements

Euthanasia of Cattle: Practical

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

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TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

Keywords: euthanasia; carcass disposal; firearms for euthanasia; captive bolt; anatomic

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

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Monitoring euthanasia procedure to ensure that the animal’s

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

Following organisational guidelines and procedures and

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

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TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

TVET Program: Animal Health Care Service

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