PANCHAYATRAJ ENGINEERS By LATE S. C. RANGWALA BLE, (CIVIL), LLB, MARSH (LONDON) MAC (US.AQ, Mo ASCE (USA) M.LE. (INDIA), M. CONS. EO (INDIA) ELV, MAES Formerly Consulting Cuil Engineer and Lecturer in Cail Engineering L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad Revived and dh KETKI B. DALAL (Alias KOS. RANGWALA) BLE. (CIVIL), PG.D STRUCTURE DESIGN) LLB. M.LE. (NDIA, MILCL, BLY cf, Gost. Registered and Approved: Valuer Chartered En [TWENTY-EIGHTH REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION : 2015) ha te PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT. LTD. Publishers of Engineering Text- Books Opposite Amul Dairy, Old Civil Court Road ANAND 388 001 Gujarat, IndiaTOWN PLANNING First edition : 1974 Fifteenth edition : 1999 Second edition : 1977 Sixteenth edition : 2000 Third edition : 1980 Seventeenth edition ; 2002 Fourth edition : 1981 Eighteenth edition : 2003 Fifth edition : 1983 Nineteenth edition : 2005 Sixth edition : 1985 ‘Twentieth edition : 2007 Seventh edition : 1987 Twenty-first. — edition ; 2008 Eighth edition : 1989 Twenty-second edition : 2009 Ninth edition: 1990 Twenty-third edition : 2010 Tenth edition : 1993 Twenty-fourth edition ; 2011 Eleventh edition ; 1994 Twenty-fifth edition : 2012 Twelfth — edition: 1995 “Twenty-sixth edition : 2013 Thirteenth edition : 1996 ‘Twenty-seventh edition : 2014 Fourteenth edition : 1998 ‘Twenty-Eighth edition : 2015 DOWNLOAD FROM PANCHAYATRAJ ENGINEERS TSENG, 3 BLOG 178-8 1-928692-8-5 Ih All rights reserved by the Publishers. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or translated without the permission of the publishers DOWNLOAD FROM PANCHAYATRAJ ENGINEERS Published by: Pradipkumar R. Patel ’ PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT. LTD. Publishers of Engineering Lext-Books osite Amul Dairy, Old Civil Court Road, Post Box 63 ANAND 388 001 Gujarat, India. Phone: (02692) 256237 Fax: (02692) 240089 E-mail: charotar@cphbooks.com Website: www.cphbooks.in Laserset by: Charotar Associates, Anand. Printed by: Agnelo Vaz. S. J. at Anand Press, Gamdi, AnandPREFACE Town planning is gaining increasing importance i country. The number of Technical Institutions where the subject of Fown Plann, is being taught, either as compulsory or optional in the overcrowded syllabi, has increased enormously in the last few years, There are hardly a few text-hooks on this subject written in a simple language and covering the syllabus lor the students of the Indian Universities, the planned economy of ou This treatise is different fr m other books published on Town Planning in the sense that the treatment of the subject matter is step-by-step and systematic, and. written in lucid style. An attempt has been made to explain briefly th the subject, The unique feature of the book is that it is comp! Units. It contains self-expl: each chapter general principles of ctely written in Metric matory and neatly drawn sketches, Lypical questions follow Take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to all good friends who have helped me in writing this book. Lam highly grateful to Shri. R. C. Patel of Charatar Book Stall - Anand, who took keen inte Lam also obliged to est in all the aspects of publishing this book Anand Press for such decent printing d finishing of the book Suggestions to improve the utility of the book will be gracelully received and incorporated in the subsequent editions Ahmedabad 380 001 S. C. RANGWALA February 24, 1974 THIRD EDITION The author has privilege to bring out the Third edition of this treatise within five years only, which also proves the popularity of the book. The test-inatter of the second: edition has been thoroughly revised and updated by adding plenty of new material It is hoped that this revised edition will prove more usetul to the teachers and the taught by the new additions, it now contains All the same, [look forward to receive the utility of the book. Ahmedabad August 22, 1979 uyclal suggestions so as to iprove S.C. RANGWALA NINETEENTH EDITION At the outset, we would like to mention that the response of earlier editions of this standard text-book of Town Planning have bi Jy favourable. ‘This is evident from the fact that as many as cighteen editions have be since its first publication in 1974. Despite such a favourable response, we elt that the utility of the text could be further enhanced by widening its coverage and updating its contents. As a result, this nineteenth edition is now published by adding few drawings and with the revised, and updated text matter extrem n brought out In spite of all the pains taken, it is possible that some errors may have escaped our attention, We shall be gratefull if they are brought to our notice by sending e-mail at charotar@ephbooks.com, so that they can be corrected in. subsequent edition, We strongly urge the readers to send their comments, suggestions and opinions to enhance the utility of the book. Ahmedabad 880015 May 05, 2005Town Planning viii TWENTY-SEVENTH EDITION It is indeed a privilege to present the Twenty-seventh Edition of this ee acclaimed text-book. Its first edition was originally published in 1974 anq hoy has gone in ity Twenty-seventh Edition ~ which proves its popularity and Uli, among the teachers and the students We express our hearty appreciation and sincere thanks to the teachers an also the students for their magnificent response to the book. We strongly urge the readers to send their comments, sugge: to enhance the utility of the book. Ahmedabad 380 015 January 1. 2014 8 and Opinion KETKI B. Daj (Alias K. s. ae TWENTY-EIGHTH EDITION It is indeed a great pleasure to present the Twenty Eighth Revise edition of this popular and highly acclaimed book mostly and professional people in their practice d and Enlarged referred by professon This revised edition preserves most of the one including a number of significant ch and enlarged edition, ali the chapters are thoroughly revised and updated with the latest information. Chapter 4, Housing: Chapter 10. Building Bye-laws and Appendix 2, Gandhinagar are thoroughly revised and updated with the late information. text and style of the previous anges and additions. In this revised The newly added Appendix 3 ‘Recent Planne d Cities of India’ providing lates information of following cities lavasa — ~ a planned hill station near Pune, Mahar GIFT city ~ a global fin. Dho ashtra; ancial and IT services hub near Gandhinag ar, Gujarat; lera Special Investment Region (DSIR) ~ a global manufacturing and trading hub, near Dholka, Gujarat. 1am very much thankful to Mr. Pradipkumar R. Patel and Mr. Parth P. Pate of Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.. Anand {or their continuous guidance and Suggestions. I heartily appreciate their hard work and sincere efforts in publishing this book. We hope that this new e dition of the book will be more popular among the students and professioy obliked to receive comments. stiggestuions and opinions from thel reagewMOABdents|te boos the utility of the book Ahmedabad 380015 FROM . KETKI B. DALAL 25th December 2014 | PANCHAYATRAJ (lias K igvala) ENGINEERSTOWN PLANNING TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter | INTRODUCTION .. eeetese ne eh Be T-l. General. . ; 1 (3) Mature (4) Senile . Evolution of planning . 1 (1) Basie village (2) Rural town 1-3. Objects of town planning. . 2 (3) Service town (4) Town (1) Object of beauty. 2 1-10. Personality of town... (2) Object of convenience 3 1-11. Distribution of land uses (3) Object of environment 3 (1) Town centre (4) Object of health 3 (2) Industrial area 1-4, Economie justification for (3) Residential area town planning. .... 3 (4) Open spac (5) Town periphery (1) Change in quantity of resources 3. 1-12. Forms of planning . (2) Demand for goods and services 4 () Local planning (3) Production techniques . 1 (2) Country plann : (4) Redistribution of land values 4 (3) Regional planning . 1-5. Principles of town planning. 5 G) National planning... (1) Green belt : (3) International planning . - (2) Housing .... 5 LTS. Site for an ideal town (3) Public buildings 5-14. Requirements of new towns (4) Recreation centres .. 5 (1) Function of the tow (5) Road system 5 (2) Weltare of the people 6) port facilities. 51-15, Planning of the modern town a i. en 5 1-16, Planning of military towns 1-6. Necessity of town planning 5 (1) Density of development 1-7. Origin of towns re 6 (2) Emplosment (1) Topographical features 6 (Function (2) Functional aspects 6 4) Housing 1-8. Growth of towns. 6 (3) Socal groupin Reasons to stay Clove to urban areas 8 (6) Status of individual 1-8-1. Growth of towns according to origin S (7) Work places (1) Natural growth... +N 117, Powers requited to entorce (2) Planned growth - ou EP schemes 1-8-2. Growth of towns according LIS. Cost of town planning to direction 111-19, Town plinning in ancent India (1) Horizontal growth 11-20, Indus valley cyilization (IVE) (2). Vertical growth 121-21. Mohanjo-Daro 1-9. Stages in town developm 1122. Lothal (1) Infantile... ceees 13125. Present position of plann (2) Juvenile. . 1 QUESTIONS 1 Chapter 2 TOWN ‘PLANNING 21 eral. . Collect the data through 2-2. Necessity of survey questionnaire form. ..... 38 2-3. Collection of data, Collect the data through (1) Functional sur interviews 38 (2) Social survey (8) Territorial survey ..... (4) Vital survey. . 24, ‘Types of surveys... (1) Preliminary surve (2) National survey (3) Regional survey . () Civic survey . 2.5. Uses of surveys. 26, Methods adopted to collect data Collect the data through specialists ects 39 (4) Collect the data through various records. . : (5) Collect the data through town planner Drawings 2-8. Report QUESTIONS 2... cee 10 a) 7.‘Town Planning x Chapter 3 ZONING. «+--+ ++ +++ rete e sd] 5y Meaning of the term - 41 History of zoning - 42 Uses of land... .-« 42 (1) Profit-making uses of land 42 (2) Non-profit-making uses ‘oblaniuenee eee a2 3-4. Objects of zoning . 4a 3.5. Principles of zoning . . 43. (1) Arrangement of zones... 43 (2) Boundaries ...-..-+ . 43 (3) Existing towns.......... 43 (4) Flexibility bees 43 (5) New towns .... 43 3-6. Advantages of zoning... . 43 (1) Danger from fire....... 43 (2) Future development 43 Chapter 4 HOUSING ... General - Importance of housing Demand for houses . (1) Immobility . (2) Initial investment (3) Other problems Building site... 2 Requirements of residential buildings 53 (1) Height..... (2) Location (3) Orientation . . (A) Parks (5) Priva (6) Secur (7) Space. (8) Utility services . (9) Ventilation. Classification of residential building: (1) Detached houses. . (2). Semi-detached houses. (3) Row of houses ......... (4) Apartments or flats. (5) Skyscrapers... Arguments for. . pears Arguments against ....., 57 Trends in multi-storeyed buildings 57 ‘Top 10 under construction high rise buildings in India Eiiog 2014 60 (1) World One . » 60 (2) Oberoi Oasis tower Bo... 60 4 4 4 wee 4-4 45, (3) Orchid Crown towers. 60 (4) Palais Royale 60 (5) Lokhandwala Minerva... 61 (6) Supernova Spira.. . 61 (7) Namaste tower . 61 (3) General amenities. . (4) Health of community . ES (8) Population distribution i (6) Public utility services...) ft 7. Importance of zoning. “ 8. Aspects of zoning... it (1) Density zoning...) (2) Height zoning........0) 4g (3) Use zoning . a: 3-9, Zonal plan for military towns» 4g 3-10. ‘Transition zone. is 3-11. Economy of zoning 0.0.00. gg 3-12. Zoning powers .. a 3-13. Maps for zoning QUESTIONS 3.. (8) One avighna park... (9) ‘Trump tower (10) India tower 4-9. Design of residential (1) Aesthetics (2) Basic materials (3) Housing unit (4) Layout (5) Size and shape (6) Street syste 4-10, Rural housing (1) Accommodation. (2) Drainage (3) Drinking wat (4) Housing activity (5) Institutional activities . (6) Other amenities Typical rural house 64 (1) Courtyard 64 (2) Rooms : cee 64 (3) Verandah... .. . . oF 4-11, Low Gost Housing (1) Pressed soil block (2) Techniques for cost reduction in low cost housing f 4-12. Rural housing boards 86, (1) Economic development 66 (2) Improvement . ss (3) Self-help 66 4-13. GRUH Ee 4-14, Laurie Baker o 4-15. Agencies for housing et (1) Government . (2) Co-operative housing societies 2 (3) Individuals . . ®9. Chapter 5 SLUMS ..... Contents. xi Investment in housing . 70 (7) International technology park 78 HUDCO. 7 (8) Navi Mumbai Special HDFC seen 73 Economic Zone (NMSEZ). 78 LIC Housing Finance Limited. 74 (9) Second international airport 79 Ce coos Housing problem in India 79 Mega projects of CIDCO. 77 pacers fr a () Administrative city centre. 77 cae seem aa a 2) Amusement park. . 77 Cena : ‘ hCnnee mee (2) Objectives of NHP . 81 acento lercient 8 (3) Important features of NHP- 81 Golf course . 78 (5) Conclusion 82 (6) International convention centre 78 QUESTIONS 42... 0.5 0200200 82 veeec cece eee + 88:94 General : Causes of slums a (2) Economic conditions Education Decentralization QUESTIONS 5. (2) Health..... 87 (3) Surrounding locality 87 (4) Undesirable spots 87 (5) Working conditions. 87 Slum clearance 88 (1) Objects 88 (2) Methods 88 Works of improvement. 89 Open plot scheme 89 Slum clearance and rehousing. 90 Prevention of slum formation. 91 (1) Cheap housing a1 (2) Compulsion to employers. 91 (8) Construction of buildings. 91 (4) Maintenance and repairs. 91 (5) Rent restrictions . 91 (6) Social education ...... 91 (7) Unauthorized construction — 91 Resources for slum clearance programmes . The Indian slum (4) Improper use of land... ()_ Industrialization (6) Lack of zoning ae (7) Migrants . ae (8) Powers of local authority Be (9) Repairs and maintenance ee characteristics of slums . Appearance Fire hazards Health and sanitation Income criteria. Morals. Overcrowding Population. . Social isolation 5-10. Way of life . 5-4. Effects of slums Bel (1) Absence of amenities .. CHAPTER 6 PARKS AND PLAYGROUNDS . 6-1. General 95 6-2. Types of recreation. 96 (1) Passive type recreation or parks 96 (2) Active wpe recreation or playgrounds ........ 96 6-7, 6-3. Location of urban green spaces (1) Distribution. (2) Location .. (3) Planning . . (4). Site selection 6-4. Classification of parks ...... (1) According to character .. (2) According to purpose. . .. (3) According to size .. 6.5. Theme parks of America 6-6. Park systems... 11 (1) Belt or ring system...... 101 (2) Wedge or radial system lol (3) Combination of belt and wedge systems 11 Park design Ww (1) Collection of data 10 (2) Commercial sports lol (3) Division 1oL (4) Facilities coeee lot (3) Marine parks 20.0.0... 102 (6) Paths and walks ........ 102 (7) Plantation . . 102 (8) Proportion of each type of recreation (9) Views through trees (10) Water.xii ‘Town Planning 6-8. Finance for parks. 102 (3) Youths and adults... los (1) By donations. 102 (4) Private clubs... 10s (2) By raising loan 102 6-12. Space standards... . 104 (3) By spending from public fund 102 6-13. Landscape architecture 103 6-9. Parkwavs 102 (1) Continuous park system. . 195 6-10. Boulevards 103 (2) Selection of trees 106 6-11. Playgrounds 103 (3) Size of trees . 106 1) Children upto the age (4) Standard of living: 105, of 6 vears 103 (5) Street trees 106, (2) Children at school 103 QUESTION: Chapter 7 INDUSTRIES........-..+-+0++0+ 7, Gener 109 (1) By developing industrial Classification of industries 110 townships lis (1) Manufacturing industries. 110 (2) By granting concessions... 113 (2) Miscellaneous industries lik (3) By imposing restricuions. 113 (3) Special industries 111 7.7, Industrial townships. M3, (1) Primary industries ul rinerareen 13 (2) Secondary industries. . ut ro yiiManagement 14 (3) Tertiary industries ML (3) Services and amenities 114 (4) Quaternary industries. M1 (4) Site 14 7-3. Concentration of industries Vt lig (1) Reasons i Coe (2) Advantages ILL 7-8. ‘Treatment of industrial wastes. 114 (3) Disadvantages sees 12 (1) General Ds 7-4, Requirements of an industry ne (2) Characteristics of 7-5. Sitting of an industry. 113, industrial wastes Ma 7-6. Measures to control location (3) Treatment methods. 115, of industries 113) QUESTIONS 7 15 Chapter 8 PUBLIC BUILDINGS ..................+..+-- 117-124 8-1. General 7 (7) Hospitals 119 8-2. Location of public buildings .. 117 (8) Markets : 119 (1) Foreground...........5 117 (9) Refuse disposal . 119 (2) Grouping . ee IT (10) Shops 119 (3) Monumental buildings 118 (11) Social and cultural centres 119 (4) Parking space. 118 8-5. Town centres 120 (5) Purpose... . 118 (1) Business centres 120 8-3. Classification of public buildings 118 (2) Civic centres ee 181 (1) Dependent buildings 118 (3) Light shopping centres. 12 (2) Independent buildings 118 8-6. Grouping of public buildings... 122 (3) Institutional buildings ... 118 (1) Administrative buildings... 122 (4) Miscellaneous buildings... 118 (2) Educational buildings... 8-4. Principles of design of (3) Health institutions public buildings 119 (4) Recreation institutions . (1) Adequate sites 119 (5) Social institutions (2) Approaches 119 8-7. Civic aesthetics... 2.02.06 66 + (3) Business buildings 119 (1) Constructive measures (4) Comprehensive study . 119 (2) Destructive measures (5) Education 119 (3) Preventive measures . (6) Fire stations 119° QUESTIONS 8......... : Chapter 9 RE-PLANNING EXISTING TOWNS. General... . 125 9-3. Defects of existing towns. 7 Objects of re-planning....... 126 9-4. Data to be collected . 27Contents xiii 9-8. Surface drains. . 133 (1) General : 133 (2) Requirements of the surface drains 133 (3) Shapes of surface drains . 133 9-9. Refuse of town 135 (1) Garbage. 135 (2) Sewage 135 (3) Storm water . 135 (4) Subsoil water 135 (5) Sullage . 135 QUESTIONS 9. 136 vce eee cee eevese ee s139:174 9-5. Urban renewal projects ...... 128 (1) Conservation... 0.0.4... 128 (2) Co-operation. ... 128 (3) Development plan. - 128 (4) Finance . . 128, (5) Legislation . . 128, (6) Period of project 128 (7) Redevelopment. . . 128 (8) Rehabilitation . . 129 9-6. Decentralization and recentralization. . . 129 9-7. Garden city 130 Chapter 10 BUILDING BYE-! LAWS ....- 10-1. General 139 (1) Standard 139 (2) Norm. a 139 (3) Regulation 139 (4) Bye-law .. 13 (5) Law. 139 10-2. Objects of bye-laws. . 140 10-3. Importance of bye-laws . . 140 (1) Consultation with superior authority 140 (2) Consultation with subordinate authority 140 (3) Consultation with interested groups 140 10-4. Function of local authority 141 (1) Building bye-laws 142 (2) Powers to architects 42 10-5. Responsibility of owner 143 (1) Surveyor 143, (2) Architect . 143 (3) Engineer. .... 143 (4) Structural designer 143, (5) Clerk of works 143 10-6. Applicability of bye-laws 143 (1) Additions and alterations to a building. .... 143 (2) New construction . . 143, (3) Requirement of open space 143 10-7. Principles underlying building bye-laws.........-055 144 10-8. Set-back or etiisiag] line 144 10-9. Light plane ann 145 10-10.Floor space index....... 145 Residential zone 1 146 Residential zone IT 146 Residential zone ILL. 146 10-11.0ff-street parking. 148, 10-12. Fire protection 149 (1) Lift and stair. 149 (2) Water supply... 149 (3) Special provisions. . 149 10-13.Minim 150 n plot sizes 10-14. Thickness of wally... 150 10-15. Plinth 151 10-16.Cellar . 151 10-17, Height. of floors 151 10-18. Loft 152 10-19.Stairs, lifts, lobbies and corridor 152 10-20.Sanitary accommodation 153 (1) Office and public buildings 153 (2) Industrial buildings and warehouses 153 (3) Educational buildings 154 (4) Residential building or residential (enementy 154 10-21. Ventilation 154 (1) Ventilation of rooms 154 (2) Factories and building of the warehouses 154 (3) Ventilation of staircases. 154 (4) Windows in staircase bay 154 (5) Ventilation from the top and skylight ete... 154 10-22.Sills of openings 10-23.Stairway or staircase (1) Width (2) Flight (3) Risers (4) Treads (5) Head room (6) Floor indicator (7) Hand Rail (8) Pitch . . 10-24.Ramps. (1) Ramps for pedestrians... 156 (2) Ramps for handicapped people 156 (3) Ramps for basement or storied Parking 156 10-25.Roofs. 10-26.Parapets and terraces 10-27.Mosquito-proof water tank. 156 156 10-28.Refuse area/disposal of solid waste 156xiv ‘Town Planning (1) For residential buildings . 156 (36) (2) For nonresidential buildings 157 (37) (3) For hespitals, hotels, G8) restaurants 157 (39) 29.Discharge of rain water 157 0. Provision of letter box... 157 (40) L.Margin and maximum (41) built-up area... .....-2.+5. 157 (42) (1) Residential and commercial uses... +. 157 (43) (2) Industrial use 159 (44) 10-32. Permissible built up area in margin 159 (45) 3.Projections in margins....... 159 (46) 10-34. Margins from common plot 159 (47) 10-35.Open space 159 (48) 10-36.Definitions of some terms .... 159 (49) (1) Auditorium pee eee 159 (50) (2) Basement or cellar 160 (1) (3) Building unit - 160 (4) Commercial building 160 (3) Consolidated open plot (C.0.P) . Phoos ike) (6) Domestic building....... 160 (55) (7) Dwelling house......... 160 (56) (8) Dwelling unit .e. 160 (37) (9) Height of building...... 160 (58) (10) Gamral. - 160 659) (11) Garage — private... 160 (12) Garage — public wee 160 (60) (13) Habitable room... . 161 1) (14) Height of a room 161 (62) (15) Home occupation....... 161 (16) Hazardous material . 161 (17) Hut 161 dy (18) Industrial building . 161 @) (19) Lift Pea . 161 (3) (20) Loft 161 (4) (21) Low-rise and high-rise (5) buildings..0.0. 0.0.0... 161 (6) (22) Margin sees 162 (7) (23) Mezanine floor ........ 162 10-38.Bye- (24) Neighbourhood centre and civic centre 162 (25) Natural hazard prone areas 162 (26) Occupancy or use.... 22. 162 ay (27) Open space ' 162 (2) (28) Owner. teerees. 169 (3) (29) Office building 91011) 169 @ (30) Ownership tenement flats 162 (31) Parapet . . 162 (5) (32) Parking space - 162 6) (33) Partition . . 163 (7) (34) Permission. . a 163 (8) (35) Plinth . secon 1G (9) Plinth area Pent house : Porch or portico. Public and semi-public building. Public purpose - Road or stree Road-level or street-level | or grade . Road line or street li Road width Row houses Semi-detached bu Service road... Shopping centre Skip floor . . Smoke-stop door........ Stair cover. Storey : Tenement ..... ‘Tenement b and flats Theatre and cinema Water-closet (W.C.) . Water course... 0.2... Water course, major Water tanks or talav or pond or lake. . : Warehouse or godown . . Window. . Width of street 10-37. Building bye-laws for the buildings in gamtal area. Minimum area : Access to buildings... . Set back ; Margins... Open spaces . .. . Height of buildings Projections on set backs Jaws for cinemas, theatres, multiplex, meeting halls, lecture halls, town halls, auditorium, etc... . Air-condition. . Aisles (passages) . Balcony... . Booking office and manager's room ....« Doors... 2.22.05 Front open space Foyer and auditorium Location .....+.-++ Parking . 165 165 165 165 166 166 166 167 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168xv (10) Projection room . 168 (6) Projection room . . 170 (ID Rewinding room........ 169 (7) Rows of motor cars . . 171 a) y accommodations. 169 (8) Screen : 171 (13) Screen : 169 (9) Size of picture 171 (14) Seats 6... 169 (10) Width of bay. . 171 (15) Size of plot. . 169 10-40.Bye-laws for gasoline fi (16) Stairs... 169 stations and gasoline filling (17) Ventilation 169 cum service station. 71 (18) Water-room and snack bars 170 (1) Entrance and exit 10-39. Bye-laws for drive-in cinemas . 170 consideration. 171 (1) Boundaries 170 (2) Location . 171 (2) Entrance and exit... . 170 (3) Parking. 171 (3) Frontage : 170 (4) Size. 172 (4) Loud speaker poles . 170 (3). Traffic requirements. 172 (5) Paysage 170 QUESTIONS 10.......-.+++ 172 Chapter 11 DEVELOPMENT PLAN OR MASTER PLAN. «175-182 . General . 175 11-9. Development plan for hill station 179 Objects of development plan.. 176 11-10.Report. 00... 000.000 180 Necessity of development plan 176 5 Data to be collected , 175 TTT S86 oo eae reo Drawings to be prepared. Tne onae ene aie Features of development plan. 177 |1-1® Method of execution of ~ Planning standards. 178 development plan. . 181 . Development plan for 11-18.Conclusion ....... 181 military town 179 QUESTIONS 11... 181 CHAPTER 12 URBAN ROADS. + oe see + + 183-194 12-1. General. 183 (5) Combination of radial and 12-2, Objects of urban roads. 183 rectangular street system. 188 12-3. Requirements of a good city road 184 (6) Irregular mediaeval 12-4. Factors to be considered . 184 street system 189 (1) Destination ..... 134 (7) Topographical street system 189 (2) Importance of road . 134 (8) Combination of rectangular and (8) Nature of traffic. 134 irregular street systems ...... 189 (4) Use of road 184 12-7. Through and by-pass roads... 190 12-5. Classification of urban roads.. 184 12-8. Outer and inner ring roads. 190 (1) Arterial roads 185 12-9. Expressways ... 191 (2) Sub-arterial roads....... 185 12-10.Freeways : 191 (3) Local roads..........+. 185 (1) Access from adjacent (4) Streets cee 185 properties 191 (5) Pathways 185 (2) Design and construction... 191 12-6. Types of street systems. . 185 (3) Entrances and exits . 191 (1) Rectangular street system. 186 (4) Intersections at grade 191 (2) Rectangular with (5) Location 191 superimposed Seem (6) ‘Traffic control. 192 street system........... 187 12-11. Precinets....... 192 (8) Concentric street system... 187 12-12.Road aesthetics 193, (4) Radial street system . 188 QUESTIONS 12. . 194 Chapter 13 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ...... eee Tero cL ae! General.............. 195 (1) General public . 197 Objects of traffic management. 195 (2) Road users 197 Traffic surveys ............. 196 (3) Transport personnel 197 Traffic congestion. ...... 197 18-5. Traffic control.........-.+.- 198‘Town Planning xvi 186. Road junctions or intersections 199 13-12.Road signs , (1) Angle of crossing . 199 (1) Purpose of road sings iy (2) Camber. 199 (2) Limitations of road signs, 213 (3) Channelizing. 199 (3) Design and location of © 214 (4) Entry speeds. . 200 road signs. . (5) Gradient + 200 13-13.Road markings. 2g (6) Importance of roads..... 200 13-14.Street lighting in a town ay (7) Kerbs... . : 200 (1) Purposes......, 2g (8) Pedestrian rails - 200 (2) Efficient and proper 21g (9). Simplicity vesvees 200 street lighting. . (10) Visibility. 200 (3) Types of street lights - (1) Traffic islands eo 00. (4) Arrangements of 7 (2) Roundabouts or rotaries.. 201 street lights. . 5. (3) Grade separations....... 204 (5) Lighting at imtersections. 317 Parking..... + 208 (6) Lighting on curves... | ot Traffic capacity of roads...... 209 13-15. Traffic problems of 13-9. Road tratlic problems. .. 210 existing towns ee 13-10.Road accidents . 211 13-16,Peculiarities of traffic...) 9p 13-11 Trattic signals. 212 QUESTIONS 18..-.......00001) 991 Chapter 14 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS ..........- pee sees 223-938 General 5 223, (3) Demography seve BB 14-1. Airports. . eet (4) Land market 239 (ly Introduction - wee 223 (5) Location . 239 ©) Location of an airport . (6) Natural elements or resources 232 (3) Size of an airport ef ne es (4) Noise control at airports . Nate atti ee re a (3) Parts and facilities Be Se ate eg anne ee required of an airport . CUmGeners eee <= 232 14-2. Betterment and compensation . (2) Principles of planning ... 232 14-3. City blocks . (8) Importance hse dcees a98 14-4. Conurbations (4) Features of (1) Employment . neighbourhood unit..... 233 (2) Living standard ...... 14-10.Protective strips ............ 234 IS eeu nitice 14-11 Public utility services........ 234 pubadessac streets 14-12.Radburn layout ......eeee8. 235 Pe ie 14-13.Rapid transit system. . 235 . Green belt Land Use Planning (1) Maintenance of roads.... 136 Definition . (2) Reduction in traffic congestion 236 (1) Area allocation ... ) Reduction of running time 236 (2) Central Business District (CBD) 232 QUESTIONS 14. APPENDIX 1 CHANDIGARH ...... . APPENDIX 2 GANDHINAGAR Py av he seen ee 243-250 APPENDIX 3 RECENT PLANNED CITIES OF INDIA........248-251 A-3-1. Lavasa ~ (The first Planned Hill City of India)... 28 A-3-2. Gujarat International Finance Tec ~ City (GIFT City) — A Global A-3-3. Dholera Special Investment Region (DSIR) .. BIBLIOGRAPHY......... ee INDEX