THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES

EXAMINATIONS OF DECEMBER 2020

(DVM – END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION)

Code and Name of Course: VETM 2004 VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY/BIOCHEMISTRY I

DECEMBER
Date and Time: ……….. 2020 10 2020 – DECEMBER 11 2020 5PM Duration: 24 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: This paper has 03 pages and 18 questions.

INSTRUCTIONS: READ CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU BEGIN

 The students must answer all the questions.
 Write your ID number on each page.
 Marks are allocated to each question in brackets ( ) at the end of each question.
 The answers must be uploaded into drop box on myelearning in separate “single MS Word/ PDF
file”.
 The answer must be submitted into drop box through turnitin.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

(1) Student must answer all the questions and clearly indicate the question number.
(2) Include diagrams, equations etc. wherever appropriate.
(3) Answer should be concise and to the point as per the question.

(4) The answers will be checked through Turnitin for plagiarism.

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STUDENT I.D. NO.:

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Explain in detail the mechanism of the Cross-bridge cycle in skeletal muscle. (5.0 marks)

2. Describe in brief the mechanism of action of protein and steroid hormones. (5.0 marks)

3. a) Explain in brief the role of hypothalamus in secretion of growth hormone. (3.0 marks)
b) List four (4) functions of growth hormone. (2.0 marks)

4. a) Explain the mechanism of secretion of posterior pituitary hormones. (3.0 marks)

b) List the hormones secreted by posterior pituitary and state two functions of each.
(4.0 marks)
5. a) Define rumination. (1.0 mark)
b) Explain digestion of carbohydrate in ruminants. (3.0 marks)
c) Explain protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) utilization in rumen. (4.0 marks)

6. Describe in brief the mechanism of HCl secretion. (5.0 marks)

7. a) Describe the mechanism of bile secretions. (3.0 marks)

b) Using a diagram, explain the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. (3.0 marks)
c) List two (2) functions of bile salts. (1.0 mark)

8. a) Describe in brief the digestion and absorption of carbohydrate in the gastrointestinal tract in
simple stomach animals. (5.0 marks)
b) Explain in brief the digestion of lipid in monogastric animals. (3.0 marks)

9. Define the following: (5 marks)

i) Isometric contraction
ii) Paracrine messenger
iii) Somatomedin
iv) Non-adrenal actions of ACTH
v) Hypothalamo-hypophysial tract

10. a) Enumerate five (5) uses of Electrocardiogram (ECG). (2.5 marks)

b) With an aid of a diagram, explain briefly the clinical significance of each wave of an ECG.
(5.0 marks)
c) Based on the appearance explain the clinical significance of a U-wave in an abnormal ECG.
(2.5 marks)
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STUDENT I.D. NO.:

11. Explain briefly the mechanism of Excitation-contraction phenomena in the cardiac muscles.
(5.0 marks)

12. Write briefly on systemic and pulmonary circulation. (5.0 marks)

13. Explain in brief the electrical system of the heart. (5.0 marks)

14. With the aid of a diagram, explain briefly the synthesis of the Thyroid hormone. (5.0 marks)

15. State the one of the important functions of the following hormones. (5.0 marks)
i) Insulin
ii) Estrogen
iii) Parathyroid
iv) Oxytocin
v) Androgen

16. i) Define the term blood clotting. (1.0 mark)

ii) Enumerate three (3) stages of haemostasis. (3.0 marks)
iii) Name the two (2) pathways involved in the formation of prothrombin activator. (1.0 mark)

17. List four (4) types of cardiac arrhythmias occurring in the atria. (2.0 marks)

18. Briefly explain the following terms:

i) Sick sinus syndrome (1.5 marks)

ii) Conduction block (1.5 marks)

END OF EXAMINATION