1) The diagram below shows the structure of an atom of element X.

The crosses, black dots and

white dots represent three different kinds of particles.

(a) Identify these particles and state their charges.

(b) What is the atomic number and mass number of element X?

(c) To which group does element X belong? What name is given to the elements in this group?

(d) What would be the formula of the compound formed by X and carbon?

[8M]

23
5) Given an element with a full atomic symbol of 11 X .
(a) What is the electronic arrangement of element X?

(b) Determine whether element X is a metal or not.

(c) Calculate the number of

(i) protons,
(ii) electrons, and

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(iii) neutrons in 11 X .

[5M]

16 17 18
6) Oxygen has 3 isotopes, 8 O , 8O and 8 O respectively.

(a) What is the electronic arrangement of oxygen?

16
(b) Given that the relative atomic mass of oxygen is 16.0044 and the percentage abundance of 8 O is

17 18
99.76%. Calculate the percentage abundance of 8 O and 8 O respectively.

(c) Do the isotopes have the same

(i) physical properties?

(ii) chemical properties?

 Explain briefly.

(d) State one daily use of oxygen.

[10M]

75 y
7) Consider an element X, which has 2 isotopes, 27 X and 27 X respectively.

(a) If the percentage abundances of the two isotopes are both 50% while the relative atomic mass of the
element is 77.5. Calculate the value of y.

75
(b) A certain scientist claimed, ‘I have discovered a third isotope of X, 28 Z .’ State and explain whether

his claim is valid or not.

(c) Does Z have the same chemical properties as X?

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(d) Determine the number of neutrons in 28 Z .

[6M]

63 66
8) Consider an element Y, which has 2 isotopes, 30Y and 30Y .

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(a) If the percentage abundances of 30Y and 30Y are 40% and 60% respectively, calculate the relative

atomic mass of Y.

(b) A student claims, ‘Both isotopes of Y have same physical properties as they belong to the same
 element.’ State and explain whether he is correct or not.

(c) Do these two isotopes have the same chemical properties?

(d) Determine the number of

(i) electrons,
(ii) mass number and
(iii) atomic number for each isotope.

[11M]

9)

P Q R S

proton neutron

The above figure shows the nuclei of four atoms P, Q, R and S.

(a) Which two atoms are isotopes of the same element?

(b) What is the name of the element in (a)?

(c) What are the names of the two isotopes in (a)?

(d) Write the full atomic symbol of each of the atoms P, Q, R and S.

[5M]
10 (a) Natural magnesium exists in three isotopic forms, 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg, with relative abundance of
78.6%, 10.1% and 11.3% respectively. Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium.

(b) The relative atomic mass of a certain element X is 39.1. X has 2 isotopes 39X and yX, with relative
abundance of 90% and 10% respectively.
(i) Calculate the value of y. What is this number called?

(ii) Name element X.

[6M]
11) The following table gives the atomic numbers of various elements (represented by letters P, Q, R,
S, T and U).

Element Atomic number

P 3
Q 5
R 11
S 14
T 16
U 20

Using the given information, find out for each element

(a) the number of electrons in an atom.

(b) the electronic arrangement of an atom.

(c) the group it belongs to in the Periodic Table.

(d) whether it is classified as a metal, non-metal, or semi-metal.

[12M]