ENGLISH
or providing any kind of amends and remedy to
TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE:
Frozen style – this is the style for declamation
and for print.
- The listener or reader is not
allowed to question the
speaker or writer.
Formal style – this style aims to inform, is
Intended for a captive audience.
Consultative style – this is the normal style for
For speaking to strangers
Casual/ informal style – a style used in
conversation between friends &
Insiders who have something to
share and to have shared
background information.
Intimate style – used in conversations between
People who are very close and
known each other quite well.
SPEECH ACT
- Is an utterance that serves a
function in communication.
- Is performed when we offer
an apology, greeting, request,
complaint, invitation,
compliment or refusal.
TYPES OF SPEECH ACTS:
Locutionary act- the act of making a
meaningful utterance.
Illocutionary act- a speaker’s intention in
delivering an utterance
Prelocutionary act- is an action or state of mind
brought about by, or as a consequence of
saying something
TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY
Topic nomination- is choosing a topic and
opening or starting it for discussion
Topic restriction- is confining or limiting the
development of the topic and keeping it with
bounds, this may be done by interrupting the
one speaking or avoiding the topic altogether
Turn-taking- refers to the exchange of turns or
instances when each speaker talks in an
interaction
Topic control- is directing and regulating the
flow/ development of the interaction
Topic shifting- means changing the topic or its
direction and emphasis
Repair- fixing and correcting anything negative,
something that has gone wrong.
Topic termination- ending concluding or closing
the conversation or interaction
TYPES OF SPEECH
Informative speech – speech that provides
information.
Persuasive speech- the aim of the speech is to
convince the audience to change theirviews/
perspective/ beliefs.
Entertaining speech- designed to captivate the
attention of the audience, to amuse them while
the speaker delivers the speech.
DELIVERY OF SPEECH
Impromptu speech- on the spot speech.
- Unprepared type of speech
Extemporaneous speech- this type of speech
gives you an opportunity to prepare
- You deliver it by reffering
occasionally either to your
outline/ brief notes.
- Ex: ppt presentations/
reporting
Manuscript speech- presented with exact
words.
- A speech which requires a
script. Wherein you’ll be
reading the script to the
audience.
Memorized speech- requires the exact use of
words without reading your script while
performing the speech.
SPEECH WRITING
Choosing the subject/ topic- you need to
consider the topics you know about
Analyzing the audience- you need to consider
your audience if the chosen topic is suited for
them
Sourcing the information- research to yield
correct information about you topic.
Outlining and organizing the speech content-
write a thesis statement, write the main points
as complete sentences, determine the best
order for your speech
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY
Vocal delivery
Volume- the intensity/loudness/softness
of the voice
articulation- clarity & enunciation of
words.
Pitch- highness/ lowness of sounds
Quality- timbre of voice
Rate- number of words an individual utters in
one minute
pronunciation- the combination of vowels,
consonants, syllables and accents a
speaker uses to emphasize a specific
word.
Pause- breaks/interruptions in speech that
Separate thoughts & ideas.
Emphasis and phrasing- is made when you
make changes in your rate, volume,
and pitch.

Non-verbal delivery
Eye contact- to intellect emotion.
Appearance- dressing appropriately for
the desired speech
gestures- to emphasize words, phrases/
important points
facial expression- help to reinforce your
words.
Body position and movement- your
stance, position, & poise can
contribute in having a good
speech.