Mise en Scene, Lenses, Etc.

INTRODUCTION TO FILM
MISE EN SCENE
INTRODUCTION TO FILM: FILM FORM THE BASIC PRINCIPALS
MISE EN SCENE
▸ Mise En Scene: Also known as staging. The

overall look and feel of a movie—the sum of
everything the audience sees, hears, and
experiences while viewing it.
MISE EN SCENE - MAJOR VISUAL COMPONENTS
▸ Design: is the process by which the look of

the settings, props, lighting, and actors is
determined.
▸ Composition: the organization, distribution,

balance, and general relationship of actors
and objects within the space of each shot.
How does Mise En Scene

Influence the viewer?
The combination of elements within the

frame gives the shot or scene its overall
meaning.
Various elements of the mise-en-

scène are so powerful that they
enable the viewer to experience the
aura of a place and time.
MISE EN SCENE - SAVING PRIVATE RYAN

MISE EN SCENE - DESIGN
▸ design should help express a movie’s vision
▸ create a convincing sense of times, spaces and

moods
▸ suggest a character’s state of mind
▸ relate to developing themes.

MISE EN SCENE - DESIGN
▸ Production Designer: A person who works

closely with the director, art director, and
director of photography in visualizing the
movie that will appear on the screen.

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
▸ setting, decor, and properties
▸ Lighting
▸ Costume, makeup and hairstyle

▸ Setting: The environment

in which the film takes place
MISE EN SCENE - GODFATHER PART II

▸ Decor: The colour and textures of the

interior decoration, furniture, draperies,
and curtains of a set.
MISE EN SCENE - RUSSIAN ARCH

▸ Props: Objects used to enhance a

movie’s mise-en-scène by providing
physical tokens of narrative information.
MISE EN SCENE - PULP FICTION

▸ Lighting: Light is not only fundamental to the

recording of images on film but also has many
important functions in shaping the way the final product
looks, guiding our eyes through the moving image and
helping to tell the movie’s story.
MISE EN SCENE - APOCALYPSE NOW

INTRODUCTION TO FILM: MISE EN SCENE PART 2

Types of Light:
Low Key Lighting: High Contrast, Lighting that creates

strong contrasts; sharp dark shadows, and an overall
gloomy atmosphere. Its contrasts between light and dark
often imply ethical judgments
High Key Lighting: Lighting that produces an image with

very little contrast between darks and lights. It's even, flat
illumination expresses virtually no opinion about the
subject being photo graphed.
Natural Lighting: The light that is

available to the filmmaker at their
location. Can be sunlight, a lamp, etc.
KEY LIGHT: Also known as main

light or source light. The brightest
light falling on a subject.
FILL LIGHT: Lighting, positioned at the

opposite side of the camera from the
key light, that can fill in the shadows
created by the brighter key light. Fill
light may also come from a reflector
board.
BACK LIGHT: Lighting, usually positioned

behind and in line with the subject and
the camera, used to create highlights on
the subject as a means of separating it
from the background and increasing its
appearance of three-dimensionality.
MISE EN SCENE - 3 POINT LIGHTING

MISE EN SCENE - 3 POINT LIGHTING

Costumes:
the clothing, sometimes known as

wardrobe, worn by an actor in a
movie.
MISE EN SCENE - BARRY LYNDON

Makeup and Hairstyling:
Makeup Artist: A person responsible for

using makeup to enhance or alter (positively
or negatively) an actor’s appearance.

MISE EN SCENE - COMPOSITION
Composition: is part of the

process of visualizing and
planning the design of a movie.
INTRODUCTION TO FILM: MISE EN SCENE AND CINEMATOGRAPHY
FRAMING
Rule of Thirds: principle of composition that

enables filmmakers to maximize the potential of the
image, balance its elements, and create the illusion
of depth. A grid pattern, when superimposed on the
image, divides the image into horizontal thirds
represent ing the foreground, middle ground, and
background planes, and into vertical thirds that
break up those planes into additional elements.
FRAMING
FRAMING
FRAMING
Framing: What we see on the

screen
Kinesis: What moves on screen

On Screen Space: Cinematic

space that exists inside the frame.
Off Screen Space: Cinematic

space that exists outside the
frame
Open Frame: designed to depict a world where

characters move freely within an open,
recognizable environment
Closed Frame: designed to imply that other

forces (such as fate; social, educational, or
economic background; or a repressive
government) have robbed characters of their
ability to move and act freely
MISE EN SCENE - COMPOSITION - OPEN FRAMING

MISE EN SCENE - COMPOSITION - CLOSED FRAMING


Kinesis: What moves on screen
‣ the movement of objects and

characters within the frame
‣ the apparent movement of the

frame itself (the moving frame).



MISE EN SCENE - MOVEMENT WITHIN THE FRAME
Blocking: The actual physical

relationships among figures and
settings. Also, the process during
rehearsal of establishing those
relationships.
WHAT IS CINEMATOGRAPHY?
Cinematography: The process of

capturing moving images on film or a
digital storage device.
DIFFERENCES IN FILM LANGUAGE
Shot: One uninterrupted run of the camera
Take: Number of times a particular shot is

taken
Setup: is one camera position and

everything associated with it
CINEMATOGRAPHER RESPONSIBILITY
1. Cinematographic Properties of the

shot
2. Framing the shot
3. Speed and length of the shot
4. Special Effects.
CINEMATOGRAPHER CREW
Camera Operator
Assistant Camera person(s)
Gaffer
Best Boy
Grips
CINEMATOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF THE SHOT
Film Stock: Celluloid used to record movies. There

are two types: one for black-and-white films and the
other for color. Each type is manufactured in several
standard formats.
CINEMATOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF THE SHOT

FILM STOCK
Film Stock Speed: (or exposure

index)—how sensitive it is to light.
FILM STOCK - THE ART OF MIXING FILM STOCKS

FILM STOCK
Black and White Film Stock: the distinct

contrasts and hard edges of black-and-
white cinematography can express an
abstract world (a world from which color
has been abstracted or removed) perfectly
suited for the kind of morality tales told in
Westerns, film noirs, and gangster films.
FILM STOCK - BLACK AND WHITE FILM STOCK

FILM STOCK - BLACK AND WHITE FILM - KEY ELEMENTS
1. Tonal Range, Or Tonality, is the

system of tones in a film, could be
used to distinguish between good
and evil.
2. Emphasis on texture and spatial

depth


FILM STOCK - COLOUR FILM
Additive Colour Systems: In the

early days of cinema, colour was
added to black and white film stock
through hand colouring, stencilling,
tinting and toning.
Subtractive Colour Systems: Adopted in the

1930s, this technique involved shooting three
separate black-and-white negatives through
three light filters, each representing a primary
color (red, green, blue). Certain color
components were subtracted or removed from
each of the three emulsion layers, creating a
positive image in natural color.
Film artists and technicians manipulate

colour to capture realistic, surrealistic,
imaginary or expressionistic images. A
warmer colour palette is often used to
make for a more inviting image, whereas
colder colour palettes are used to do the
opposite.
Desaturated Images = A colder

look, alienating and uncomfortable
Saturated Images = A warm look,

inviting and happier
FILM STOCK - COLOUR FILM - COLD VS WARM COLOURS

Desaturated Image
Cold Colours: Blue, Green, Indigo,

Violet

Saturated Image
Warm Colours: Red, Orange,

Yellow
Colour Grading: Colour Correction,

the process of altering and
enhancing the colour of a motion
picture (or video or still image) with
electronic, photochemical, or digital
techniques.
LENSES
Focal Length: The distance from the optical

centre of the lens to the focal point on the film
stock or other sensor when the image is sharp
and clear. Focal length affects how we perceive
perspective—the appearance of depth—in a
shot, and it also influences our perception of
the size, scale, and movement of the subject
being shot.
LENSES - 4 MAJOR TYPES OF LESES
Short Focal Length Lens
Long Focal Length Lens
Middle Focal Length Lens
Zoom Lens



LENSES
Zoom Lens: The zoom lens, also called the

variable-focal-length lens, permits the
cinematographer to shrink or increase the focal
length in a continuous motion and thus
simulates the effect of movement of the camera
toward or away from the subject. However, the
camera does not actually move through space
but simply magnifies the image.
LENSES

being shot.
Short Focal Length Lens
Long Focal Length Lens
Middle Focal Length Lens
Zoom Lens



LENSES
Zoom Lens: The zoom lens, also called the

variable-focal-length lens, permits the
cinematographer to shrink or increase the focal
length in a continuous motion and thus
simulates the effect of movement of the camera
toward or away from the subject. However, the
camera does not actually move through space
but simply magnifies the image.

LENSES
Zoom in: A shot in which the image

is magnified by movement of the
camera’s lens only, without the
camera itself moving. This
magnification is the essential
difference from the dolly in.
LENSES
FRAMING
Framing: is the process by

which the cinematographer
determines what will appear
within the borders of the image
during a shot.
FRAMING
Aspect Ratio: The relationship

between the frame’s two
dimensions
FRAMING
Aspect Ratio Types:
> 1.375:1 Academy (35mm flat)7
> 1.66:1 European widescreen (35mm flat)
> 1.85:1 American widescreen (35mm flat)
> 2.2:1 Super Panavision and Todd-AO
(70mm flat)
> 2.35:1 Panavision and CinemaScope (35mm
anamorphic)
> 2.75:1 Ultra Panavision (70mm anamorphic)

FRAMING
Aspect Ratio Types:
> 1.375:1 Academy (35mm flat)7
> 1.66:1 European widescreen (35mm flat)
> 1.85:1 American widescreen (35mm flat)
> 2.2:1 Super Panavision and Todd-AO
(70mm flat)
> 2.35:1 Panavision and CinemaScope (35mm
anamorphic)
> 2.75:1 Ultra Panavision (70mm anamorphic)

PLAYING WITH ASPECT RATIO

CINEMATOGRAPHY
APERTURE, SHUTTER
SPEED AND ISO
APERTURE
APERTURE
APERTURE
APERTURE
APERTURE + DEPTH OF FIELD
SHUTTER SPEED
SHUTTER SPEED
SHUTTER SPEED
SHUTTER SPEED
SHUTTER SPEED
SHUTTER SPEED VS APERTURE
SHUTTER SPEED VS FRAME RATE
ISO
ISO
ISO
LENSES AND FOCAL LENGTH

LENSES AND FOCAL LENGTH

being shot.
LENS TYPES
▸PRIME LENS
▸ZOOM LENS
LENS TYPES
▸PRIME LENS - Has a fixed

focal length. Can be Short,
Long or Middle Focal
Length.
LENS TYPES
Types of Prime Lenses:
1. Wide Angle Lens
2. Telephoto Lens
3. Normal Lens
LENS TYPES - PRIME LENSES
Wide angle Lens: Short Focal Lens.
Characteristics:
1. Produces Wide Angle Views
2. Makes subjects appear further apart than

they actually are.
3. Through its nearly complete depth of field,

renders almost all objects in the frame in focus.
LENS TYPES - PRIME LENSES - WIDE ANGLE LENS

Telephoto Lens: Long Focal Length Lens.
Characteristics:
1. Produces deep-angle views.
2. Brings distant objects close.
3. Flattens space and depth
4. Makes subjects look closer together than they actually are.
5. Narrow depth of field - leaves most of the background and

foreground of the in-focus objects dramatically out of focus.
Telephoto Lens: If a figure is

shown rapidly moving in the
direction of the camera but
appears to be making little
progress, the shot was probably
taken with a Telephoto lens.
LENS TYPES - PRIME LENSES - TELEPHOTO LENS

LENS TYPES - PRIME LENSES - TELEPHOTO LENS

Normal Lens: Middle Focal Length Lens.
Characteristics:
1. Produces images that correspond to our

day-to-day experience of depth and
perspective.
2. Keeps all subjects in a normal sense of

focus.
LENS TYPES - PRIME LENSES - NORMAL LENS

LENS TYPES
▸ZOOM LENS - Has a variable

focal length. The filmmaker
can alter the focal length of the
shot just by adjusting the lens
in an act called “zooming in”.
LENS TYPES - ZOOM LENS
Zoom Lens: Variable Focal Length Lens.
Characteristics:
1. Produces images that simulate the effect of

movement of the camera toward or away from the
subject.
2. Rather than actually moving through space,

merely magnifies the image
3. Can make a shot seem artificial to the audience.

LENS TYPES - ZOOM LENSES
Zoom Lens: The zoom lens has a

variable focal length. This variable
focal lens is used to make a zoom
shot which gives the viewer the
impression of plunging into or out
of the scene.

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INTRODUCTION TO FILM

▸ Mise En Scene: Also known as staging. The

MISE EN SCENE - MAJOR VISUAL COMPONENTS

▸ Design: is the process by which the look of

▸ Composition: the organization, distribution,

MISE EN SCENE - MAJOR VISUAL COMPONENTS

How does Mise En Scene

The combination of elements within the

MISE EN SCENE - MAJOR VISUAL COMPONENTS

Various elements of the mise-en-

MISE EN SCENE - SAVING PRIVATE RYAN

MISE EN SCENE - DESIGN

▸ design should help express a movie’s vision

▸ create a convincing sense of times, spaces and

▸ suggest a character’s state of mind

▸ relate to developing themes.

MISE EN SCENE - DESIGN

▸ Production Designer: A person who works

MISE EN SCENE - MAJOR VISUAL COMPONENTS

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

▸ setting, decor, and properties

▸ Costume, makeup and hairstyle

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

▸ Setting: The environment

MISE EN SCENE - GODFATHER PART II

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

▸ Decor: The colour and textures of the

MISE EN SCENE - RUSSIAN ARCH

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

▸ Props: Objects used to enhance a

MISE EN SCENE - PULP FICTION

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

▸ Lighting: Light is not only fundamental to the

MISE EN SCENE - APOCALYPSE NOW

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

Low Key Lighting: High Contrast, Lighting that creates

High Key Lighting: Lighting that produces an image with

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

Natural Lighting: The light that is

INTRODUCTION TO FILM: MISE EN SCENE PART 2

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

KEY LIGHT: Also known as main

INTRODUCTION TO FILM: MISE EN SCENE PART 2

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

FILL LIGHT: Lighting, positioned at the

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

BACK LIGHT: Lighting, usually positioned

MISE EN SCENE - 3 POINT LIGHTING

MISE EN SCENE - 3 POINT LIGHTING

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

the clothing, sometimes known as

MISE EN SCENE - BARRY LYNDON

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

Makeup and Hairstyling:

Makeup Artist: A person responsible for

MISE EN SCENE - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

MISE EN SCENE - COMPOSITION