Hint Solution Elasticity Viscosity English

Elasticity & Viscosity
HINT & SOLUTION OF ELASTICITY & VISCOSITY

EXERCISE-1
PART - I
F 3  10 4 30 5
A-1. (a) = = = × 108 = × 108 < 7.7 × 108 N/m2
A 3.6  10 4 36 6
hence it will not break.
FL 3  104  20  102 40  10 4 10
(b)  = = 4
= = × 10–3 m
AY 3.6  10  1.5  10 10
3.6 9
F F
A-2. s = C =
YS A YC A
S – C = 0.5
F  1 1 
   = 0.5
A  Ys Yc 
F Y Y  0.5
= c s
A (Yc  Ys )
F
= 15 × 1011
A
F  1 15  1011
S =   = = 0.75 cm
 A  Ys 2  1012
F  1 15  1011
C =    = = 1.25 cm
 A  Yc 12  1011
40 10
A-3. a =  m/s2
12 3
40 80
T1 = N T2 = N
3 3
40 4
strain in wire 1 = =  10 –4
3  5  10  2  10
–7 11
3
80 8
strain in wire 2 = =  10 –4
3  5  10  2  10
–7 11
3
B-1.
Fcos  Fcos2 
(a) tensile stress = =
A / cos  A
F sin  F
(b) shearing stress = = sin  cos 
A / cos  A
(c) for max. tensile stress
 = 0º
(d) for max. shearing stress
 = 45º
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ADVEC - 1
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P 100atm
C-1. B = = = 107 atm
V 10 106
V
1 10 4  1 1011
AY
D-1. K= = = 5 × 107
0.2
F2 (5  9.8)2 49  49
U= = = = 2.40 × 10–5 J
2K 2  5  107 108
1
D-2. W = (F2 x2 – F1x1)
2
1
= (4 × 9.8 × 10–3 – 2 × 9.8 × 0.6 × 10–3)
2
= 2 × 9.8 × 10–3 × 0.7
= 13.72 × 10–3 J
2 2
E-1. v = r . (0 – w) g
9
= 180 m/sec.
32400 81
h=   103 m
2  9.8 49
PART - II
A-1. d = 4mm
Y = 9 × 1010 N/m2
F 
=Y
A

F = AY
1
= (2x10–3)2 x 9 × 109 x
100
=  x 4 x 10–6 x 9 × 107
= 360  N
A-2. L air = La water = Lw

W
 W  
W  W  L W[1  w ] L
 o
Lw =  
WL o
La = =
YA YA YA
La     La
= 1  w   o =
Lw   o   w L a  Lw
ADVEC - 2
A-3.
k1 k2
Keq = K1 + K2
Y2A YA YA
= 1 + 2
Y1  Y2
Y=
2
A-4.
F/ A
=Y
 /
F Yr 2


F 1
  = r2
Y 
 Y &  are same for all then
1
For same load r 

x .02  102
B-1. F = A = 0.4 × 1011 × 1 × .005 × = 4×104 N
h 1
V P 1 105
C-1. = = = 8×10–7
V B 1.25  1011
D-1. V = 1/2 K(2)2

V' = 1/2 K(10)2
then V' = 25V
AY 4AY
D-2. K = , K' = = 8K
/2
1
 8K   2
U 2
  U = 16 J
2 1
K   2
2
ADVEC - 3
E-1. (i) v = 5 × 10–4 m/s
2 2
v= r g
9
5  9  18  105  104
r2 = = 9 × 10–12
2  900  10
r = 3 × 10–6 m
(ii) v r2
v1 r2 1
= 12 = ,
v r 4
5  10 –4
v1 = = 1.25 × 10–4 m/sec
4
2 2
E-2. v= r . (0 – w) g
9
E-3. Velocity increases till FB + FV = mg

FB = Bouyancy force
FV = Viscous force
E-4. There will not be any viscous force so velocity will keep on increasing.
PART - III
 =  L
1.
M
loss in PE = Mg
1
Elastic PE = Kx2
2
1 Mg
= x x AL
2 A L
= MgL/2
Heat = MgL – Mg L/2
= Mg L/2
EXERCISE-2
PART – I
F  
1. =Y If Y & are constant
A

F = AY   F  A  F’ = 4F
p1 m1v1 p 1
2. = , mr3, v  r2  p  r5 then 1 =
p 2 m2 v 2 p 2 32
ADVEC - 4
F x
3. = 
A h
500 x 5  102
= 2  10 6
 x = m = 0.156 cm
4  16  104 4 10 2 32
4. B = 2m S = L
AB = 2 cm2 AS = 1 cm2
B = S
F B F S
=
A B YB A S YS
A S YS 1 2x1011
L= B = x x2=2
A B YB 2 1x1011
1
6. 46. 4 x 10–6 atm =
B
1 P v p
B= 6
 B =  = = 46.4 x 10–6
46.4 x 10 v / v v B
7.
r1
=b
r2
1
=a
2
Y1
=c
Y2
(3 mg)
1 = 1
A1Y1
(2mg)
2 = 2
A 2 Y2
 3 3 a 3a
1
= 1
 A 2 Y2 = =
 2 2 2 A1Y1 2 b2 c 2b2 c
8. depth = 200 m
V 0.1
  103
V 100
density = 1 x 103
g = 10
p hg
B= =    B = 200 x 10 x 103 x 1000 = 2 x 109
v / v v / v
ADVEC - 5
r1 1
9. =
r2 2
2
1 F
PE (per unit volume) =
2Y  A 
PE  1/A2
2
PE1 A
= 22 = 16 : 1
PE2 A1
10. Magnitude of viscous force is equal to weight and in later case it will act downward.
PART - II
2

2 2 40  2 
  (1 – x) 5 = 10  1
1. 10x + 
2Y 2Y 100  2Y 
2.5x + 5 – 5x = 4
2.5x = 1
x = 40cm
Fdx Fdx
2. = ,  = 
AY AY
20  103 dx
10
=  = 0.008 cm
0  x2 
1    2  10
7
 100 
3.
kx = µ MAg ...... (i)

kx = MBg ...... (ii)
MB g 1
 x= =
K 100
From eq. (i) & (ii)
0.2 MA = MB
MA = 10 kg
2
1 2 1  1 
E= Kx = × 2000 ×  100 
2 2  
E = 10 × 10–2
ADVEC - 6
4.
 
 T
 
 m 
2Tsin =  R.2  2R’
 2R 
For small ‘’ -
m2R '
T=
2
T  2R' 2R 
=  Y
A  2R 
m2R ' R
= Y, If R’ ~ R
2A R
m2R2
R = but m = A 2R 
2AY
A2R2R2 2R3
 R = =
2AY Y
5.
a0
m F
L/2
F' F' F m F' ma0 LSa0 La0

(a) F’ = a0 ,  = = = =
2 S 2S 2S 2
T
dx mx
(b) x T= a0 
L
Tdx
   =
SY
L
Tdx
L
mxa0 ma0L LSa0L L2 a0
 =  =  dx = = =
0
SY 0
SYL 2SY SYL 2Y
V
6. F = A
Z
v
9.8 = 5×10–3 × 796×10–3 × 200 × 10–3 ×
2  10 3
v = 7.841 m/s
V 5
7. F = A where F = mgsin = 130 ×
Z 13
5 0.5
130 × =  ×1×1×
13 0.15  102
2
50  0.15  10
= = 0.15
0.5
ADVEC - 7
 r 
8. d = r  2rdr
 h 

r
= h
0
2r3dr
d/ 2 
= 
0 h
2 r 3 dr
d/ 2
 2 r4 
=  
 h 4 0
2 d4
=
h 4 x 16
 d4 
=  
 32h 
PART - III
mg
1. Stress in wire B =
3rB2
4mg
Stress in wire A =
3rA2
mg 4mg
if = either wire will break.
3rB2 3rA2
2.
h, t1
2h
h, t2
Time t1 will be more then t2 because speed increases from zero to terminal speed in t 1 duration and ball
covers a distance h.
Work done against viscous force depends on magnitude of viscous force and displacement ball.
viscous force increases from zero to maximum value and then remains constant
1 2 1 AY
3. W = – U = Kx = 2
2 2 L
PART - IV
AY 4  104  2  1010
1. K= = = 2 × 106
4
K
= = 100
m
ADVEC - 8
2. W(h + x) = 1/2 kx2
1
100(0.99 + x) = × 2 × 106 × x2
2
104 x2 – x – 0.99 = 0
100 x (100x – 1) + 0.99 (100 x –1) = 0
1
x= m = 1 cm
100
PL
3. x=
AY
P xY 102 x 2 x 1010
= = = = 5 × 107 N/m2
A L 4
4. K1 = 106 , K2 = 2 × 106
2  106 x106 2
Keq = =  106
3  106 3
2  106 100
= =
3  600 3
5. Total weight = 1000 + w

1000  w
weight on each rod =
4
1000  w
stress = = 9 × 106  w = 14400 – 1000 = 13400 N
4  4  104
1340
No. of persons are = = 26
50
du
6. F = A
dy
as u = C1y + C2
at y = 0 , u = 0 hence C2 = 0
du
= C1
dy
F = A C1
2 = 10–2 × 1 C1
C1 = 200
7. u = c1 y + c 2
c1 = 200 , c2 = 0
u = 200 × 2×10–2 = 4 m/sec
8. y = 0 , u = 0 C3 = 0
y = 2 cm , u = 2 m/sec
2 = C1 4× 10–4 + C2 2 × 10–2 ....(1)
du
= 2C1y + 2
dy
du
F=  A
dy
at y = 2cm, F = 2 N
ADVEC - 9
2 = 10–2 ×1×[2 × 2 × 10– 2 C1 + C2]
4 × 10–4 C1 + 10–2 C2 = 2 .......(2)
4 × 10–4 C1 + 2 × 10–2 C2 = 2 .......(1)
on solving
C2 = 0 & C1 = 5000
du F 2
9.   2  200
dy A 10  1
du
10. = 2C1 y + C2
dy
du
at y = 0, = C2 = 0
dy
EXERCISE-3
PART - I
2
2r g
1. Terminal velocity vT = (s – L)
9
and viscous force F = 6rvT
Viscous force is the only dissipative force. Hence
dQ
= FvT = (6rvT) (vT) = 6rvT2
dt
2
 2 r 2g  8g2 dQ
= 6r  (s  L ) = (s – L)2 r5 =  r5
 9   27  dt
k yA / yA (n  109 )  (4.9  107 )

2. n = = =  = 140  n = 4.
m m m 1 0.1
3. In equilibrium,
mg = qE
In absence of electric field,
mg = 6rv
 qE = 6qrv
4 qE
m= Rr3d. =
3 g
3
4  qE  qE
   d=
3  6v  g
After substituting value we get,
q = 8 × 10–19 C Ans.
F  F 
A  4A 
4. Y=   ...(i) Y=   ...(ii)
 1  2
L 2L
 1
=2
 2
ADVEC - 10
6.
For floating
(1 + 2)V = (1 + 2)V
1 + 2 = 1 + 2
since strings in taut so
1 < 1 2 > 2
2 r 2 (2  1 )g
VP =
9 2
2 (1  2 )g
VQ =
9 1
since 2 – 1 = –(1 – 2)
VP 
 1
VQ 2
VP . VQ  0 because VP and VQ are opposite

7.
Strain
stress
Breaking stress of P is more than Q so P is more ductile
1
strain = stress
Y
Yp < YQ
ADVEC - 11
8. 6rv  L Vg  0 Vg
vP (P VP  L Vp )g 6QrQ
 
vQ 6prp (Q VQ  L VQ )
rp3 (8  0.8) rQ .Q
= 
p .rp (8  1.6) rQ3
2
 rp      7.2  7.2 2
=   Q 
    = 4  6.4  3 = 3
 Q  p 
r 6.4 
9.
u0
F
h 
dv
F=A
dy
u0
=A
h
J 1 5
10. v0 = = = m/s
m 0.4 2

s = v0  0
e –t /  dt
= v0 (1 – e–1)
5
=   (4) (0.63) = 6.30 m
2
PART - II
1. Retarding force acting on a ball falling into a viscous fluid
F = 6Rv
where R = radius of ball,
v = velocity of ball,
and  = coefficient of viscosity
  F  R and F  v
Strees
2. Young’s modulus =
Strain
S
 Strain =
Y
Energy stored in wire 1
 ×Stress ×Strain
Volume 2
1 S S2
= S× 
2 Y 2Y
ADVEC - 12
3. Terminal speed of spherical body in a viscous liquid is given by
2r 2 ( – )g
vT =
9
where  = density of substance of body,
 = density of liquid.
From given data
v T (Ag) Ag – l

v T (Gold) Gold – l
10.5 – 1.5 9
 vT (Ag) =  0.2   0.2
19.5 – 1.5 18
= 0.1 m/s
4. Let us consider the length of wire as L and cross-sectional area A, the material of wire has Young's
modulus as Y.
W/A
Then for 1st case Y =
/L
W/A
For 2nd case, Y =
2 '/ L
 l' = l /2
So, total elongation of both sides = 2' = 

5. The forces acting on the ball are gravity force, buoyancy force and viscous force. When ball acquires
terminal speed, it is in dynamic equilibrium, let terminal speed of ball is vT . So,
V(1 – 2 )g
V2g + kvT2 = V1g vT =
k
Y A x
6. F=
Y (3A ) x
and F2 = =9F
( / 3)
ADVEC - 13
7. Vg = 6rv + vg
Vg( – ) = 6rv
Vg( – ') = 6rv'
(   ')
V'' = × v
(   )
(   ') v
V' = 
(   )  '
(7.8  1.2) 10  8.5  10 4
= ×
(7.8  1) 13.2
v' = 6.25 × 10–4 cm/s.
P
8. =Y

P = Y = 2 × 1011 × 1.1 × 10–5 × 100
= 2.2 × 108 Pa
9. T = 2
g
 Mg
TM = 2  =
g AY
TM 
=
T
2
 TM  
 T  =1+
 
1   TM  
2
Mg
   – 1 = 1 +

y  T   AY

1   TM   A
2
   – 1
y   T   Mg

mg
10. P =
a
mg
K=– A
4r 2 dr
4 3
r
3
dr mg
–
r 3KA
ADVEC - 14
HIGH LEVEL PROBLEMS (HLP)
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.  = 7.6 g/cm3
 +  = 90 cm
w
 = ....(1)
AY
 w 
w   
0 
 – 0.18 =  ....(2)
AY
  0.18 
=1–
 0
0.18 1
1– =1–
 7.6
 = 7.6 ×0.18
then  + = 90
 = 90 – 7.6 ×0.18 = 88.632 cm
2. r = 2 mm
 F 
 2A  = 1.5 × 109
 max
F = 1.5 × 109 × A × 2
= 1.5 × 109 × ( 2 × 10–3)2 × 2
= 18840 × 2 = 3.77 × 104 N
4 4
3. R3 = .r 3  8
3 3
R = 2r
V  r2
Hence 20 cm/sec.
2 r2
4. v= (0  a ) g
9
2
0.5 =  0.8  100
9
320
= = 35.55 poise Ans.
9
ADVEC - 15
5.
YA = 2 × 105 N/mm2
YB = 9 × 104 N/mm2
FA × 20 = FB × 40
FA = 2FB
FA + FB = 5000 g
5000 g 10000 g
FB = , FA =
3 3
F 50  10 3 1000
B = 50 = B AB = = mm2
AB 3  50 3
FB FA FA Y 20 1000
 = = , A = = A B = × 50 = N/mm2
A B YB A A YA AA YB 9 9
1000 105
A = = AA = 300 mm2
9 3 AA
6.
1 1 1 AY A Y
  , k1 = 1 , k2 = 2 ,  = 1 m
k k1 k 2
k1k 2 A 1A 2 Y
k= =
k1  k 2 (A1  A 2 )
52
k=  108
33
F = 50 × 106 ×13 × 10–4 = 650 × 102 N
F = kx
165 1 2 F2
x=  105 m mg (h + x) = kx =
4 2 2k
on solving h = 1.33 cm
ADVEC - 16
7.  = Fr
(2ri )  ri 
F=
r0  ri

  = 2ri3 
(r0  ri )
on solving and putting values
 = 0.77 N-s/m2
8. Considering an element of angular width 2 -

dq = R. 2   F = 2T sin 
kdq. Q0 kR  2. Q0
= 2Tsin  = 2T sin
R2
R2
if  is small, then sin  = 
k  Q0
further =T
R
stress 2(R  R) R  R
But Y= , strain = =
strain 2R R
T k  Q0
Y= R – R =
a(R  R) RAY
T TR k  Q 0R
Y=  R = = = (R R´)
R AY R´AY
A
R
mg YA
9. = Y   m = = 4kg
A g
F2L
U=  10–3 J
2AY
ADVEC - 17

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Elasticity & Viscosity

HINT & SOLUTION OF ELASTICITY & VISCOSITY

A-2. L air = La water = Lw

D-1. V = 1/2 K(2)2

E-3. Velocity increases till FB + FV = mg

kx = µ MAg ...... (i)

F' F' F m F' ma0 LSa0 La0

5. Total weight = 1000 + w

k yA / yA (n  109 )  (4.9  107 )

VP . VQ  0 because VP and VQ are opposite

8. Considering an element of angular width 2 -

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