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A closer look at VCM Effects in the CP4:

TouchWah and PedalWah
" Blake Angelos

The CP4 features some authentic recreations of vintage stomp-box style effects
using Yamaha’s remarkable VCM or Virtual Circuitry Modeling technology. What
follows is a closer look at the TouchWah and PedalWah effects.
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 I love the TouchWah and PedalWah effects in the CP4 Stage, especially when
applied to Electronic Piano and Clav Voices. Before diving into to these specific
effects a quick overview of VCM (Virtual Circuitry Modeling) technology might be
helpful.

VCM (VIRTUAL CIRCUITRY MODELING)

There is a great definition located here on Steinberg’s website since they also utilize
this technology in some of their plug in effects. VCM is described thusly:

“VCM was developed by an engineering group led by Toshifumi Kunimoto, a senior

engineer who was also responsible for the first physical modeling synthesizers, VL1
and VP1. VCM enables an ultra-realistic digital reproduction of individual
components in analog circuits, such as resistors and capacitors. Besides modeling
the functionality of a circuit and the interaction between single components, VCM
focuses on an unprecedented musical simulation of analog sound qualities…”
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 That’s a great definition, and each VCM effect accurately reproduces the warm and
punchy analog quality found in classic preamplifiers, compressors, amplifiers,
stomp-boxes and pedals. I’ll cover some of those in later articles but I’ll stick with
the TouchWah and PedalWah effects.

WAH-WAH EFFECTS
Wah-wah Effects in Music Wah-wah effects are very cool and used R&B, Funk, Jazz
Fusion and Pop. There is a nice definition of the history of the wah-wah effect here.
The effect itself is generated by a filter that sweeps the peak response (the “Wah”
sound) up and down in relation to some modulation input. In the CP4, that wah-wah,
up and down motion is controlled by velocity in the case of the TouchWah effect or
with the FC7 Foot Controller in the case of the PedalWah effect. You can also control
the PedalWah filter sweep with the Modulation Wheel as well. The CP4 has a few
preset Voices in the Clav Voice Category featuring Wah effects.

The Clav Voices in the CP4 are accurate simulations of the Hohner Clavinet™, a
staple keyboard of choice in the music of many legendary artists. Some perfect
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 examples of a Clavinet using a Wah-Wah effect can be heard in the songs “Tell Me
Something Good” by Rufus and Chaka Khan and “Up on Cripple Creek” by The
Band. These songs just wouldn’t be the same without that wah-wah Clavinet sound!
Let’s take a look at how you can achieve some similar sounds effectively in the CP4
with the TouchWah effect.

TOUCHWAH EFFECT
The easiest way to experience the TouchWah effect on the CP4 are the Voices found
in the Clav Voice Category. After powering up the CP4, press the [CLAV] button
found in the Voice Category section of on the right side then by moving the DATA
wheel or pressing the [+1/YES] button select Voice “04:Clavi Wah”:

Play that Voice for a moment. The TouchWah effect is very cool and expressive and
as you can hear, the filtering “wah” effect is generated by increases in velocity. As
you play softly and gradually increase velocity you can hear how the "wah" effect of
the filter changes in relation to your increased velocity. In the Clav Preset Voice
Category the Voices “04:Clavi Wah” and “08:ClaviMtWah” (The sound of a Clavinet
with the mute engaged) utilize the TouchWah effect. Let’s take a look the TouchWah
effect in detail. PRESS and HOLD the [PART EFFECT A] button located on the left
side of the panel of the CP4 for a moment. That button has a small dot just to the
lower right corner of the button which means “jump to edit” and allows you to jump
directly to the effect parameters of the Main Voice:
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 The screen should now look like this:

Press the [DOWN ARROW] button (between the [EXIT] and [ENTER] buttons) once
and you will see this screen:

There are a few parameters here that can be adjusted to taste. The “Sens”
parameter adjusts the sensitivity of the Wah: If you set it to “0” the filter is closed
completely and no matter how hard you play it will stay in this closed position.
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 Conversely, if you set the “Sens” parameter to “127” the filter is wide open. The
default is 71. This allows the wah sound to really sound great in the lower and middle
part of the keyboard…you’ll notice the wah sound closes down as you play up the
keyboard. If you adjust this setting upward from 71 you should notice that the filter
opens more in the upper range of the keyboard; adjusting down from 71 closes it
down. Play middle C repetitively with the same velocity and use the data wheel to
adjust that parameter…You will hear how the filter moves.

I personally increase that setting when I have some higher register riffs I want to play
but I like where the default setting is placed for the most part. The next two
parameters, “Bottom” and “Top”, refer to the range that the filter operates within.
Changing the Bottom parameter changes how open the filter is from the key-on, with
0 being closed completely and 127 being open completely. The Top parameter
changes top point of the filter setting. These two parameters act like a “velocity
compressor” for the TouchWah effect. For example, if you were to set the Bottom
and Top Parameters both to “0”, the filter is completely “closed” resulting in no
“wah” sound; if you were to set the parameters both to 127 the filter is completely
“open” and, again, you hear no “wah” sound. It is the ratio between the Bottom and
Top that provide the greatest range of the TouchWah effect, so the default settings of
0 for Bottom and 127 for Top provide the maximum velocity range for the TouchWah.
Press the [DOWN ARROW] button again to see this screen:

These two parameters, “ResoOfst” (Resonance Offset) and “Drive” are the most
important parameters to adjust to tailor this effect and the two I regularly go to to
increase the “wow” and drive of the TouchWah effect. You can adjust the “ResoOfst”
parameter from “-12.0” to “+12.0” and the Drive from “0dB” to “+40dB” Both of
these parameters will really change how powerful the effect can get. There is quite of
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 range for you to work from here…the default settings “0.0” for ResoOfst and “0.0dB”
for drive still give you the effect but these are really conservative.

You can truly make this effect amazingly powerful by adjusting these two settings
and the audio files below illustrate that. The musical example below features two
performances of the same brief audio example. The first time it is played with the
default settings for the Voice “04:Clavi Wah” and the second time I increased the
“ResoOfst” parameter to “+9.0” and the “Drive Parameter to “+16dB”.

{soundcloud}https://soundcloud.com/blake-angelos/touchwahclav{/soundcloud}

It is quite a difference! Using TouchWah on Other Voices TouchWah can be applied

to any Voice, and I really like to use this effect on electric piano Voices. I edited the
preset Voice “04:78Rd II” in the CP4 and applied the TouchWah effect to that Voice.
Here is how you do that:
1. Press the [E.PIANO1] button located in the “Voice Category” area of the CP4.
2. Use the [DATA] wheel select Voice “04:78Rd II”.
3. PRESS and HOLD the [PART EFFECT B] button and you should see this screen:

The default effect for this Voice is “EQ 501”, a VCM generated EQ that simulates a
vintage boutique analog EQ. Using the [DATA] wheel, until you see the “Ctg”
(category) change to from “MSC” (miscellaneous) to “MOD” (modulation), then select
“TouchWah” under “Type”:
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 Quick sidenote: Why did I choose Part Effect B and not Part Effect A? My reasoning
is this: Part Effect A uses the PreAmp effect “78Rd II”, a VCM simulation of the
preamplifier for this type of tine piano. To view this effect, PRESS and HOLD the
[PART EFFECT A] button:

This is an important part of the sound of this preset Voice and I wanted to keep that
effect as is. I’ll cover the PreAmp effects in the CP4 in a later article.

4. As with the Clavi Wah Voice I like to increase the amount of “ResoOfst” and
“Drive” for this effect. I also find that increasing the “Sens” parameter up to around
85 gives me more of the TouchWah effect in the upper registers. Here are my
TouchWah effect settings for this Voice:

Remember: When you edit a Voice that you want to recall you MUST save it to a
Performance Location! For additional information on how CP4 Performances are
created and edited for instant recall, please take at my 2 tutorials "Understanding
Performances in the CP4/40" and "Editing and Creating Performances in the CP4".

PEDALWAH EFFECT
Related to TouchWah is the PedalWah effect. To use this effect requires the purchase
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 of the Yamaha FC7 foot controller. I love this effect because you can effectively
simulate the “wacka-wacka” funk style of a wah-wah pedal in a rhythmic way. The
quickest way to check out this effect is dialing up the preset Voice “Clavi PWah” with
the FC7 Foot Controller connected:

1. First, connect the FC7 Foot Controller to the Foot Controller 2 jack on the back of
the CP4:

I chose the Foot Controller 2 input for two reasons. The first is that the Voice is
already set to use the Foot Controller 2 input as the control source for the opening
and closing of the Wah filter, and the second reason is I like to use the Foot
Controller 1 input for a second FC7 for volume control. This can be changed of
course, but for simplicity sake I'll just leave the default settings.

2. Press the [CLAV] button in the “Voice Category” section of the CP4 and, using the
[DATA] wheel, navigate to the preset Voice “11: Clavi PWah”:

3. To see how this Voice works, press the [EDIT] button and select “02:Part”:
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 4. Using the [DATA] wheel, navigate to “05: Controller” and press [ENTER]:

5. Press [ENTER] the use the [DOWN ARROW] to get to the second screen to see
the control destination of FC2 (Foot Controller 2):

Note that, under “FC2”, you see “EffA(+)”, meaning that pressing the FC7 foot
controller “toe forward” like an accelerator pedal will open up the filter of the
PedalWah effect. As I talked about above, you can jump directly to the PedalWah
effect parameters.

6. PRESS and HOLD the [PART EFFECT A] button to the left of the display:

7. Use the [DOWN ARROW] button to check out the parameters below. Here is the
first page:
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 I usually like to keep the “PdlCtrl” (Pedal Control), “Bottom” and “Top” parameters
exactly where they are so I can get the maximum range of the effect from the pedal
but these can be set to your preference. The “PdlCtrl” parameter is actually
something to experiment with. Set your FC7 to its lowest point (“heel back” as
opposed to “toe forward”), navigate to this parameter with the [ARROW] buttons and
play a single note without touching the FC7 while increasing the amount of the
“PdlCtrl” parameter.

You can hear the Wah filter slowly open as you increase this thereby increasing the
starting point from where the wah effect can be controlled using the FC7. If you set it
to the top point of 127 the Wah filter will be wide open and the pedal will not "affect
the effect". I sometimes like to set this around 30 so I have it a bit open then
increase from that point with the pedal, especially with electric piano Voices. With
the Clav sound I generally keep it at 0 so I have biggest range.

8. Press the [DOWN] arrow button again to see the next page below:

This page has the exact same parameters that are found on the TouchWah effect
with the exact same ranges (“-12.0” to “+12.0” for “ResoOfst” and “0dB” to “+40dB”
for “Drive”) and, as with TouchWah, I like to increase those ranges for a more
resonant and driven wah sound:

Check out the audio example below entitled "WahWahWah" which is a brief version
of a song I play at CP4 presentations. I used both the TouchWah effect applied to
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 the 78Rd II Voice and the PedalWah effect applied to the Clavi Voice both with the
increased ResoOfst and Drive parameters seen above.

{soundcloud}https://soundcloud.com/blake-angelos/wahwahwah{/soundcloud}

Last thing about PedalWah: There is some skill to effectively play a PedalWah part
that sometimes requires practice to get the timing of keystrokes and pedal
movement dialed in. As with lots of things in musical performance, you may have to
work with it a bit to feel comfortable. Experiment with these effects! Both the
TouchWah and PedalWah are great effects that can really add some great funkiness
to your music.

You can tell us about it or ask questions in this forum thread.

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# Quick Setup MOXF Vocoder Aftertouch - Volume 2, Number 4 (April 1986) $

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

BLAKE ANGELOS
"

Yamaha Synthesizer Product Specialist Blake Angelos has over thirty years of
experience with music hardware and software. An expert in music technology, Blake
has conducted numerous clinics, master classes and presentations throughout the
United States, Europe and Canada. In his role as Product Specialist for the
Synthesizer Department Blake appears in many product videos and artist interviews,
:
 writes many articles for YamahaSynth.com and co-hosts a regular Podcast called
“Behind the Synth”.

Before his work with Yamaha, he taught music theory and jazz studies courses at
Arizona State University; managed a technology-focused music store in Seattle and
was a production supervisor at Microsoft, where he led a team that developed
groundbreaking interactive music content for the Microsoft Network. Blake holds a
Bachelor of Music degree from the University of Northern Colorado and a Master of
Music degree from Arizona State University. Blake currently resides in Bellingham,
Washington with his family, and between his travels around the world for Yamaha, he
performs as much as possible with several jazz and creative music groups in
Bellingham, Seattle and other places in the Pacific Northwest.

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