Process

Description
Of Edible  
oil
Refinery
     
For Batch refining the
oil, there are three basic
processes in the
refinery. First process
isneutralizing
the oil in the
neutralizer to
remove the Free
Fatty Acids
(FFA) by adding
caustic soda. Oil
is heated upto about
60°C by thermic fluid
coils and oil is stirred by
stirrer. Then soap stock
formed due to chemical
reaction is allowed to
settle at the bottom of
the neutralizer from
    where it is taken out  
into soap pan.

Neutralized oil is drawn

into the second
vessel called
bleacher where
colour of oil is
removed by
bleaching
process with aid of
chemicals such as
carbon black and
bleaching earth. Oil is
generally heated upto
110°C by thermic fluid
coils. Stirring is also
continued. Bleaching
process is done under
vacuum.
     
  the filter press where bleaching earth and
Bleached oil then goes to  
chemicals are separated and clean bleached oil is then drawn to
deodourizer where oil is heated above 110°C through thermic fluid coils and
then live steam is given to the oil from the bottom steam nozzles and temperature of oil is raised
upto 200 to 220°C through thermic fluid coils. Entire process is done under high vacuum. Thus smell
is removed from the oil in the deodourizer. Then it goes to cooler where water
circulating coils take away heat and oil is cooled . Again it goes to second
filter press where completely refined and transparent colour less oil
is obtained.

Thermic Fluid Boiler, Vacuum Pump, Barometric Condenser, Catch0ls, Steam Generator etc. play
their role in the refining process. So these equipments are part of the refinery and connected with
the vessels through pipelines.

A. Neutralisation of degummed veg, oil

[1] In batch neutralization preheating the oil charge up to 70 to 80 o C before adding the caustic is
preferred than cold neutralization . However cottonseed oil is neutralized with alkali at room
temperature as pre heating caused color fixation.
[2] Selection of lye and its strength is very essential as it varies from oil to oil depending upon the
FFA  content of oil . Also excess of lye are usually used for neutralization  of oils.
[3]The oil charge immediately after de gumming at 80 o C is neutralized with requisite quantity of
lye . If oil charge is at room temperature it should be heated to 70-75 oC before neutralization  to
remove free fatty acids in short called FFA and other undesirable material by  series of steps like
addition of caustic lye, constant stirring after addition, little water washing (@ 1 to 10%  ) , settling, 
allowing soap stock draining after 2-3 hours from where it is taken out into soap pan,  Two hot
water washing  respectively. Final FFA should be 0.09 to 0.10%. then neutralized oil send to either
storage or  Bleacher

B. Bleaching of neutralized oil

Neutralized oil is then charged into the Bleacher Reactor   wherein colour of oil is removed by
bleaching process with aid of chemicals such as carbon black and bleaching earth. Oil is generally
heated up to 110°C under continuous Stirring through drive  and medium  vacuum. 
Bleached oil then pumped to the filter press where oil spent earth with gums are get  separated

C. Deodourising of Bleached oil

The Bleached oil is then charged to deodourizer where oil is heated above 110°C either steam or
Thermic fluid oil and live steam  sparged in bleached oil from the bottom steam nozzles.  The
temperature of oil is raised up to 200 to 220°C  under high vacuum to remove undesirable odiferous
material with l in the deodourizer.

C. Cooling of Deodourised oil

Immediately after deodorization refined vegetable oil dropped in to cooler which is under high
vacuum with the help of   water circulating coils and stirrer heat is  take away oil is cooled up 45 o
C. Again this deodorized  oil then pumped to second filter press and polish filter and getting with
transparent colour less oil refined vegetable oil  .

 *Additional Process for palm oil refinery with fraction process

Specially for palm oil refinery, fractionation process is required in which palm olein and palm stearin
are separated by scientifically cooling the refined palm oil by chilling plant and then filtering the oil.
For this purpose crystalizing vessel is used in which chilling pipe coils cool the oil for fractionation.
 Palm sterene crystals are formed due to chilling which are separated in the filter press and pure
liquid of palm olein is obtained and palm sterene cake is retained in the filter press. 

(01) The chilling plant for fractionation process which will include shell and tube chiller, compressor,
motor, pump, condenser, control panel box etc. required for processing.

(02) Crystallizer  unit completed with chilling coil.

(03)  Filter press for separation of palm olein and palm stearin.

Salient Features of Oil Refinery Machinery  ( 5 MT/Batch to 10MT/Batch ie. 20 MT to

40MT/24 Hours)

We makes all ranges of Refinery from 5 MT/Batch to 10MT/Batch ie. 20 MT to 40MT /day( 24Hours)
includes recent developed technological machineries such as Neutralization reactor with conical
bottom  , bleacher with dished end on both sides , deodorizers with dished end on both sides  ,
horizontal / vertical cooler , Plate and frame  Filter press, pressure Leaf Filter, Crude oil/Washed oil/
Bleached oil/ Deodorized or cooled oil/ Refined oil/various all others storage tanks, Thermic fluid
boiler, Steam boiler, Vacuum pump, Water pumps, oil pumps, High vacuum system with ejectors
and booster, Barometric condenser at  12met.  height to create high vacuum , Cooling Tower,  water
/oil// thermic fluid oil/barometric condenser, vacuum pump pipelines , Drive with gears and motors ,
ISI coloring codes for different pipelines , Vacuum gauges, pressure gauges and all other
instruments wherever required , insulation, various types of standard valves,   Reactor coils, SS
nozzle and full steel structure with three floors according to the suitable capacity, type ,size and
arrangement.
     
Crude veg, Oil -----> 
1. Degumming----> Neutralization--->Bleaching-->Filtration Or
   
2. Refrigenationand Fitration ----->Deodourisation-->Filtration----> Micropolish
filtration ----->Cooling --> 
     
  Tank Storage or packing [ Refined vegetable oil  
     
BSS CASTOR OIL REFINING:

Degumming is provided with steam coil and steam sparger for heating the oil.
  Bleacher is provided with double pipe coil. One is for thermic fluid and another is for cooling water.  
In case of Medicinal Castor oil Deodorizer is provided with double pipe coil i.e. in both the coils,
thermic fluid is circulated. Steam is ejected from the stainless nozzles provided on the steam pipe
cross supported at the bottom. The Process is nearby similar to above with slight change. 
     
  Crude Castor Oil -----> Degumming----> Bleaching ---> Drying I I v BSS CASTOR OIL  
   
Cargill plans to sell Kandla refinery to Louis Dreyfus
13 Dec 2007, 0225 hrs IST, Nidhi Nath Srinivas,
 Save  Print   EMail   Share  Comment Text:
NEW DELHI: Cooking oil is again sizzling with deals. US food
industry giant Cargill is chopping its excess capacity in India. It plans to
sell 
one of its port-based cooking oil refineries at Kandla to Louis Dreyfus,
one of the world’s top three commodity trading and processing
companies. 

This would be the $20-billion Louis Dreyfus’s first strategic asset

acquisition here and a signal that it would soon enter India’s branded
cooking oils market. 

India is the world’s fourth largest edible oil economy after the US,
China and Brazil, and it is the second largest importer after China. With
giants such as Bunge, Kuok, Wilmar, ADM, and Cargill already in the
scrum, Indian consumers would now have one more global oilseed giant
vying for their attention. 

Cargill India and Louis Dreyfus India previous week signed an MoU,
under which Cargill would sell one of its refineries, which includes a
vanaspati plant, at Kandla to Louis Dreyfus India. Market sources are
pegging the sale at around Rs 100 crore at current replacement costs. 

Once the sale is through, Cargill India would still be left with three
refineries, including one each at Kandla and Pune, that earlier belonged
to Parakh Foods, along with a greenfield plant at Paradeep. 

“The sale is part of Cargill’s strategy to undertake asset rationalisation.

It would still have a capacity of 4,000 t per day, which is ample right
now for its supply chain,” sources said. There is also a feeling that it
may be counter-productive in the edible oils business to concentrate
refineries in a couple of places because transporting oil to retail areas is
very expensive. 

“Cooking oil is very freight sensitive. So you can’t run the whole supply
chain from refineries located in just one place. That is why most large
players such as Adani Wilmar and Ruchi group have facilities located in
various states,” they added. 

Moreover, there is still plenty of capacity available. “Cargill is open to

acquisitions in other states, as and when the opportunity arises. Given
the excess refining capacity available, it is easy to lease refineries
whenever the need arises,” sources said. 

Louis Dreyfus had been scouting for a potential acquisition target for
the past one year as a preliminary move for entering India’s branded
edible oils market. Acquiring a port-based refinery makes strategic
sense because it allows the MNC to leverage its global oil trading
network and risk management systems. 

Edible oils have received maximum FDI among all food staples in
India, especially because the branded oils segment is growing at a huge
15% every year. Moreover, companies enjoy a profit margin of around
6.5% when they sell branded oils . 

Louis Dreyfus has also leased several soyabean crushing plants this
season to push its way into becoming one of the five largest soya
processors in India, overtaking ITC.
 EDIBLE OIL REFINERY : COOKING OIL REFINERY : VEGETABLE OIL
REFINERY

Process and Layout

For refining the oil, there are three basic processes in the edible
oil refinery. First process is neutralizing the oil in the neutralizer to
remove the Free Fatty Acids (FFA) by adding caustic soda. Oil is heated
upto about 60°C by thermic fluid coils and oil is stirred by stirrer. Then
 soap stock formed due to chemical reaction is allowed to settle at the
bottom of the neutralizer from where it is taken out into soap pan.

Neutralized oil is drawn into the second vessel called bleacher where
colour of oil is removed by bleaching process with aid of chemicals
such as carbon black and bleaching earth. Oil is generally heated upto
110°C by thermic fluid coils. Stirring is also continued. Bleaching
process is done under vacuum.

Bleached oil then goes to the filter press where bleaching earth and
chemicals are separated and clean bleached oil is then drawn to
deodourizer where oil is heated above 110°C through thermic fluid coils
and then live steam is given to the oil from the bottom steam nozzles
and temperature of oil is raised upto 200 to 220°C through thermic fluid
coils. Entire process is done under high vacuum. Thus smell is removed
from the oil in the deodourizer. Then it goes to cooler where water
circulating coils take away heat and oil is cooled. Again it goes to
second filter press where completely refined and transparent colour less
oil is obtained.

Thermic Fluid Boiler, Vacuum Pump, Barometric Condenser, Catchalls,

Steam Generator etc. play their role in the refining process. So these
equipments are part of the refinery and connected with the vessels
through pipelines.

Additional Process for palm oil refinery

Specially for palm oil refinery, fractionation process is required in which

palm olene and palm sterene are separated by scientifically cooling the
refined palm oil by chilling plant and then filtering the oil. For this
purpose crystalizing vessel is used in which chilling pipe coils cool the
oil for fractionation. Palm sterene crystals are formed due to chilling
which are separated in the filter press and pure liquid of palm olene is
obtained and palm sterene cake is retained in the filter press.

Specifications of Edible Oil Refinery

{Capacity 5 tonnes per day i.e. 4 batches of 1250 kg. each }

(1) All the main vessels i.e. two neutralizers, one bleacher and one deodourizer
are properly arranged on the first floor of the steel structure. So all these vessels
are hanging on the steel strucutre. Just below the two neutralizers, two soap
pans are resting on the ground floor in which soap stock is collected. There is a
steam pipe arrangement in the soap pans also.

(2) Steel structure has size of 14ft. x 14ft. (i.e. 4.25mtr. x 4.25mtr). First floor is 9ft.
above the ground level. There are 8 coloumns of double chanel which supports
the entire steel structure. It has proper staircase and railing on all the sides of
steel structure at the first floor and also on staircase. Two filter presses are also
accomodated on the first floor of the steel structure.

(3) Two oil tanks i.e. raw oil tank and bleached oil tank are accomodated under
the strucutre on the ground floor. Then cooler, thermic fluid boiler, two steam
generators, vacuum pump, water pumps, oil pumps and refined oil tank are
arranged on the ground floor around the steel structure i.e. outside the square of
14ft. x 14ft. of the steel structure. So total space occupied is about 30ft. × 30ft.
(9mtr. x 9mtr.)

(4) 40ft. tower is erected just near the deodourizer and its complete structure is
supported from the ground floor and also it is attached with the refinery
structure. Berometric condenser is arranged at 40ft. height to create proper
vacuum.

(5) All types of piplines are interconnected as per the requirement of the refinery
i.e. oil pipelines (yellow colour), vacuum pipelines (blue colour), steam pipelines
(black colour), water pipelines (white colour), thermic fluid pipelines (red colour).
At all appropriate places, proper valves are provided in the pipelines.

(6) Neutralizer is provided with thermic fluid coil for heating the oil.

(7) Bleacher is provided with double pipe coil. One is for thermic fluid and
another is for cooling water.

(8) Deodorizer is provided with double pipe coil i.e. in both the coils, thermic fluid
is circulated. Steam is ejected from the stainless nozzles provided on the steam
pipe cross supported at the bottom.

(9) Cooler is provided with double pipe coil. Both for cooling water.

(10) In every vessel temperature gauge is provided. Vacuum gauge is provided on

deodorizer, bleacher and cooler.

(11) Neutralizer is open on the top having conical bottom .

(12) Bleacher has dished ends on both the sides. Similarly deodorizer has dished
ends on both the sides. Cooler has also dished ends on both the sides.

Specification of Edible oil Refinery with fractionation Process

 (13) There will be chilling plant for fractionation process which will
include shell and tube chiller, compressor, motor, pump, condenser,
control panel box etc.

(14) Crystallizing unit which is similar to neutralizer complete with

chilling coil.

(15) Filter press for separation of palm olein and palm stearin.