The document defines key terms in pharmacology such as teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, side effects, toxic effects, drug abuse, drug allergy, efficacy, and potency. It also describes the movement of drugs in the body through absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. Additionally, it discusses what the drug does to the body through its mechanism of action, pharmacological actions, adverse effects, drug interactions, and therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive uses.
The document defines key terms in pharmacology such as teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, side effects, toxic effects, drug abuse, drug allergy, efficacy, and potency. It also describes the movement of drugs in the body through absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. Additionally, it discusses what the drug does to the body through its mechanism of action, pharmacological actions, adverse effects, drug interactions, and therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive uses.
The document defines key terms in pharmacology such as teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, side effects, toxic effects, drug abuse, drug allergy, efficacy, and potency. It also describes the movement of drugs in the body through absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. Additionally, it discusses what the drug does to the body through its mechanism of action, pharmacological actions, adverse effects, drug interactions, and therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive uses.
Basic pharmacology ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺘﻴﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺘﻴﻦ- :اﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎق DERIVATION: - The word pharmacology is derived from two Greek ، )ﻣﺒﺪأ ﻧﺸﻂ أو ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎدل اﻟﻤﺨﺪراتPHARMAKON ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ words i.e. PHARMAKON (an active principle or equivalent to drug, .( )ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔLOGIA اﻟﻄﺐ أو اﻟﺴﻢ( و medicine or poison) and LOGIA (meaning study).
." اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ "ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷدوﻳﺔ- :اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ
MEANING: - Pharmacology means “The Science of Drugs” ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ Definition of different terms :اﻟﺘﺸﻮﻫﺎت اﻟﺨﻠﻘﻴﺔ . ﺛﺎﻟﻴﺪوﻣﺎﻳﺪg.e . ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻬﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺸﻮﻫﺎت ﺧﻠﻘﻴﺔ- Teratogenicity: -some drug taken during pregnancy can cause congenital abnormalities. g.e Thalidomide. : اﻟﺴﺮﻃﻨﺔ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷدوﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻴﻨﺎت واﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ CARCINOGENICITY: Certain drugs affect the genes and structural changes اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن ﺗﺴﻤﻰ.ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺮوﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎت in the chromosomes. The drugs that cause cancer are called as . ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻷﺗﺮوﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻔﺎف اﻟﻔﻢ.ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺪواء اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ carcinogenic drugs, for example, oral contraceptives increase the incidence of benign liver tumors. : آﺛﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎك أدوﻳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﻏﻮب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ وﻻ ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ SIDE EFFECTS: There are undesirable and unavoidable pharmacological . ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻷﺗﺮوﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻔﺎف اﻟﻔﻢ.ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺪواء اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ effect of the drug, which occur at therapeutic dose. e.g. Atropine causes dryness of mouth. :اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻹﻓﺮاط اﻟﺪواﺋﻲ TOXIC EFFECTS: Toxic effects develop due to excessive pharmacological . واﻟﺬي ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺟﺮﻋﺔ زاﺋﺪة أو اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﺪواء ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ، ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺪواء action of drug, which may be due to overdose or continuous use of drug for prolonged period. : ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات . وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ أو اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ، اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻐﺮض اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد Drug abuse: using drugs not for the intended purpose , but for psychological or emotional effect. : ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪواء ( ﻃﻔﺢ ﺟﻠﺪي أو ردود ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة )ﺻﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﺄﻗﻴﺔ، ﺣﺮﻗﺎن، ﺣﻜﺔ Drug Allergy: itching, burning, skin rash or severe reactions (anaphylactic shock) :ﻓﻌ ﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ . ﻗﺪرة اﻟﺪواء اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺜﻴﺮ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ: Efficacy: the ability of a bound drug to change the receptor in such a way to elicit a tissue response. -اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ .ﻛﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪواء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب Potency–the amount of drug we can use to produce the desired effect. Ahmed khammat :ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﻴ ﺮ Pharmacology: • ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﺪر؟ • What the body does to the drug? ( )ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪواء (movement of the drug) 1. Absorption اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص.1 2. Distribution اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ.2 3. Biotransformation اﻟﺘﺤﻮل اﻷﺣﻴﺎﺋﻲ.3 4. Excretion اﻹﺧﺮاج.4 ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺪواء ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ؟ • What the drug does to the body? 1. Mechanism of action آﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ.1 2. actions Pharmacological اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺪواﺋﻴﺔ.2 3. effects Adverse اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ.3 4. interactions Drug اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات.4 5. DRUG USAGES اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﻃﺒﻴﺔ3 • ﻟﻸدوﻳﺔ • Drugs have 3 medical uses ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻷدوﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ أو اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ أو اﻟﻌﻼج:اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ❖ Therapeutic use: Drugs are used to control, improve or cure ❖ أﻋﺮاض أو ﺣﺎﻻت أو أﻣﺮاض ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ❖ symptoms, conditions or diseases of a physiological : ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸدوﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل.اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ❖ psychological nature. E.gof the therapeutic use of drugs include the following: • اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪوى.1 1. Antibiotics to kill the bacteria that cause an infection اﻟﻤﺴﻜﻨﺎت ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ آﻻم واﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ.2 2. Analgesics to control the pain and inf lammation of arthritis ﺗﺴﺘﺨ ﺪم اﻷدوﻳ ﺔ ﻟﻤﻨ ﻊ ﺣ ﺪوﺛﻬﺎ:اﻻﺳﺘﺨ ﺪام اﻟﻮﻗ ﺎﺋﻲ ❖ Preventive use: Drugs are used to prevent the occurrence of ﻳﺸﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻸدوﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل.❖ أﻋﺮاض أو ﺣﺎﻻت أو أﻣﺮاض ❖ symptoms, conditions or diseases. E.g of the preventive use of drugs include the following اﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺼﻴﻦ ﺿﺪ أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ.1 1. Vaccination for immunization against childhood diseases اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ دوار اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻠﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة.2 2. Drugs taken to prevent motion sickness prior to f lying on an aeroplane ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷدوﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﺎء ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ أو ﻓﻲ:اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ❖ Diagnostic use: Drugs are used by themselves or in ❖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ وأﻧﻮاع أﺧﺮى ❖ conjunction with radiological procedures and other types ❖ ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت ﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺮض ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ❖ medical tests to provide evidence of a disease process E.g.Radiopaquedyes used during x-ray procedures