Ahmed khammat

‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬

Basic pharmacology
‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻐﺘﻴﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬- :‫اﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎق‬
DERIVATION: - The word pharmacology is derived from two Greek
، ‫ )ﻣﺒﺪأ ﻧﺸﻂ أو ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎدل اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات‬PHARMAKON ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ‬
words i.e. PHARMAKON (an active principle or equivalent to drug,
.( ‫ )ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬LOGIA ‫اﻟﻄﺐ أو اﻟﺴﻢ( و‬
medicine or poison) and LOGIA (meaning study).

." ‫ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ "ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷدوﻳﺔ‬- :‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬

MEANING: - Pharmacology means “The Science of Drugs”
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
Definition of different terms
:‫اﻟﺘﺸﻮﻫﺎت اﻟﺨﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ .‫ ﺛﺎﻟﻴﺪوﻣﺎﻳﺪ‬g.e .‫ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻬﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺸﻮﻫﺎت ﺧﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬-
Teratogenicity: -some drug taken during pregnancy can cause congenital
abnormalities. g.e Thalidomide.
: ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷدوﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻴﻨﺎت واﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
CARCINOGENICITY: Certain drugs affect the genes and structural changes
‫ اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺮوﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
in the chromosomes. The drugs that cause cancer are called as
. ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻷﺗﺮوﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻔﺎف اﻟﻔﻢ‬.‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺪواء اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ‬
carcinogenic drugs, for example, oral contraceptives increase the
incidence of benign liver tumors.
: ‫آﺛﺎر ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎك أدوﻳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﻏﻮب ﻓﻴﻬﺎ وﻻ ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
SIDE EFFECTS: There are undesirable and unavoidable pharmacological
. ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻷﺗﺮوﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻔﺎف اﻟﻔﻢ‬.‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺪواء اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺠﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ‬
effect of the drug, which occur at therapeutic dose. e.g. Atropine causes
dryness of mouth.
:‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻹﻓﺮاط اﻟﺪواﺋﻲ‬
TOXIC EFFECTS: Toxic effects develop due to excessive pharmacological
. ‫ واﻟﺬي ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺟﺮﻋﺔ زاﺋﺪة أو اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﺪواء ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬، ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺪواء‬
action of drug, which may be due to overdose or continuous use of drug
for prolonged period.
: ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات‬ .‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ أو اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬، ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻐﺮض اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد‬
Drug abuse: using drugs not for the intended purpose , but for
psychological or emotional effect.
: ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪواء‬ (‫ ﻃﻔﺢ ﺟﻠﺪي أو ردود ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة )ﺻﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﺄﻗﻴﺔ‬، ‫ ﺣﺮﻗﺎن‬، ‫ﺣﻜﺔ‬
Drug Allergy: itching, burning, skin rash or severe reactions (anaphylactic
shock)
:‫ﻓﻌ ﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ‬ . ‫ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﺪواء اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺜﻴﺮ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬:
Efficacy: the ability of a bound drug to change the receptor in such a way
to elicit a tissue response.
-‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪواء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
Potency–the amount of drug we can use to produce the desired effect.
Ahmed khammat
:‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﻴ ﺮ‬
Pharmacology:
‫• ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﺪر؟‬
• What the body does to the drug?
( ‫)ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺪواء‬
(movement of the drug)
1. Absorption ‫ اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬.1
2. Distribution ‫ اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ‬.2
3. Biotransformation ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻮل اﻷﺣﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬.3
4. Excretion ‫ اﻹﺧﺮاج‬.4 ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺪواء ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ؟‬
• What the drug does to the body?
1. Mechanism of action ‫ آﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬.1
2. actions Pharmacological ‫ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺪواﺋﻴﺔ‬.2
3. effects Adverse ‫ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬.3
4. interactions Drug ‫ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات‬.4
5.
DRUG USAGES
‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬3 ‫• ﻟﻸدوﻳﺔ‬
• Drugs have 3 medical uses ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻷدوﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ أو اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ أو اﻟﻌﻼج‬:‫اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
❖ Therapeutic use: Drugs are used to control, improve or cure
‫❖ أﻋﺮاض أو ﺣﺎﻻت أو أﻣﺮاض ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
❖ symptoms, conditions or diseases of a physiological
: ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸدوﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬
❖ psychological nature. E.gof the therapeutic use of drugs
include the following:
• ‫ اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪوى‬.1
1. Antibiotics to kill the bacteria that cause an infection
‫ اﻟﻤﺴﻜﻨﺎت ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ آﻻم واﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬.2
2. Analgesics to control the pain and inf lammation of arthritis
‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨ ﺪم اﻷدوﻳ ﺔ ﻟﻤﻨ ﻊ ﺣ ﺪوﺛﻬﺎ‬:‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨ ﺪام اﻟﻮﻗ ﺎﺋﻲ‬
❖ Preventive use: Drugs are used to prevent the occurrence of
‫ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻸدوﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫❖ أﻋﺮاض أو ﺣﺎﻻت أو أﻣﺮاض‬
❖ symptoms, conditions or diseases. E.g of the preventive use
of drugs include the following
‫ اﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺼﻴﻦ ﺿﺪ أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬.1
1. Vaccination for immunization against childhood diseases
‫ اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ دوار اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻠﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة‬.2
2. Drugs taken to prevent motion sickness prior to f lying on an
aeroplane
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷدوﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﺎء ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ أو ﻓﻲ‬:‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ‬
❖ Diagnostic use: Drugs are used by themselves or in
‫❖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ وأﻧﻮاع أﺧﺮى‬
❖ conjunction with radiological procedures and other types
‫❖ ﻓﺤﻮﺻﺎت ﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺮض ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
❖ medical tests to provide evidence of a disease process
E.g.Radiopaquedyes used during x-ray procedures