1 Supporting Information

3Enhanced specific capacitance and cycle stability of hybrid

4supercapacitors using carbonized polyphosphazene-based

5nanocomposites

7Xiaoyan Zhang1, Shufu He1, Xinxing Wo1, Tongwei Han2*, Jerricia A.N.N.

8Kambonde1, Jingbo Wu1, Xinping Qiu3, Long Zhao1*

101 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu

11Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China

122 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Zhenjiang

13212013, P. R. China

143 Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China

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17 *Corresponding authors.

18 Email address: twhan@ujs.edu.cn (T. Han); longzhao@ujs.edu.cn (L. Zhao)

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22Characterization

23 The synthesized electrode materials were tested by means of Raman spectroscopy

24(DXR, ThermoFisher, America), X-ray diffraction (XRD-6100Lab, Shimadzu, Japan),

25SEM (JSM-7800F, JEOL, Japan), TEM (JEM-2100(HR), JEOL, Japan), surface area

26analyzer (ASAP 2020 HD88, Micrometric, America), thermogravimetric analyzer

27(STA 449C, Netzsch, Germany) and electrochemical workstation (CHI 760e,

28Chenhua, China).

29 The cyclic voltammetry (CV) voltage window was -1.2 - 0 V for negative materials

30and 0 - 0.6 V for positive materials at 5 mV s -1 - 100 mV s-1. At the same voltage

31window as that of CV, the galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) was performed at 0.5

32- 10 A g -1. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were measured from

33100 kHz - 10 mHz. All experiments used 2 M KOH as electrolyte. Platinum electrode

34and calomel electrode were directly used as counter electrode and reference electrode,

35respectively. The working electrode was made of nickel foam coated with N-

36methylpyrrolidone (NMP) suspension of 70% activated components, 20% acetylene

37black and 10% poly (vinylidene fluoride).

38 In three-electrode system, the specific capacity (Cs, mAh g -1) of positive electrode

39and the specific capacitance (C, F g-1) of negative electrode are calculated individually

40by the following formulas:

41Cs = (I Δt) / (3.6m) (S1)

42C = (I Δt) / (m ΔV) (S2)

43 where Cs, I, Δt, m, C and ΔV represent specific capacity (mAh g -1), current (A),

44discharge time (s), mass (g), specific capacitance (F g -1) and potential window (V),

45respectively.

46 The mass ratio of the two electrode materials was balanced before fabricating the

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47asymmetric energy storage devices by means of the following relationship:

m CV
  
m
48  CV (S3)

49 where m+ is the mass, C+ is the specific capacity, V+ is the working voltage of the

50positive electrode, and V−, m−, and C- are the working voltage mass, and specific

51capacity of the negative electrode, respectively. According to the formulas, the

52loading mass of the Ag NWs @ PZSC and PZSC electrodes are 5 mg and 10.8 mg,

53respectively.

54 The energy density (E, Wh kg-1) and power density (P, W kg-1) of the asymmetric

55cell can be calculated by the following formulas:

56E = (I×ΔV×Δt) / (7.2×m) (S4)

57P = 3600 E/Δt (S5)

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61 Fig. S1. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of PZS and Ag NWs @ PZS from

62 50 °C to 900 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C min-1 under N2.

63 The small weight loss between 50 and 150 °C in PZS was due to the evaporation of a

64 little residual organic solvent and adsorbed water.

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67 Fig. S2. (a) Mapping images of Ag NWs @ PZS; (b) FTIR spectra of PZS and Ag

68 NWs @ PZS.

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70 Fig. S3. Bode plots and the calculated relaxation time constants of (a) PZSC700,

71 PZSC800 and PZSC900, (b) Ag NWs and Ag NWs @ PZSC.

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75 Fig. S4. (a) CV curves of the Ag NWs at different scan rates; (b) GCD curves of the

76 Ag NWs at different current densities.

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78 Fig. S5. Cycle stabilities of Ag NWs and Ag NWs @ PZSC

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