TEST 6

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE

I. PHONOLOGY (5 points)
1. Find the word that has its underlined part pronounced differently from that of the other
three words in each question.
1. A. inadequate B. navigate C. necessitate D. debate
2. A. launch B. fault C. lawyer D. laughter
2. A. prescription B. preparation C. preliminary D. presumption
4. A. copper B. copy C. dolphin D. colonel
5. A. devotion B. congestion C. suggestion D. question
2. Find the word with the stress pattern different from that of the other three words in each
question.
1. A. apprehension B. preferential C. convention D. calculation
2. A. clarification B. cooperation C. desertification D. eligibility
3. A. diplomatic B. committee C. industrialism D. exaggerate
4. A. futurologist B. inappropriate C. engineering D. encouragement
5. A. guidebook B. interviewer C. managerial D. profitable

II. WORD CHOICE (5 points)

Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences.
1. Buyers and sellers were_____over prices.
A. haggling B. hacking C. heckling D. hugging
2. Mrs.Elegant had the couch in her sitting-room____in red velvet.
A. clothed B. enriched C. sewn D. re-upholstered
3. The saleman told me that reading this book would make me more intelligent, but I think I've
been____.
A. blackmailed B. conned C. libeled D. slandered
4. I didn't take up his recommendation, as he sounded so____about it.
A. half-headedB. half-witted C. half-handedD. half-hearted
5. The assistant______nervously while I made up my mind.
A. hovered B. floated C. drifted D. orbited
6. The children_______round the fire to keep warm.
A. cloistered B. huddled C. grouped D. tucked
7. The___of the family home following the divorce was a great shock to the children.
A. break-down B. break-in C. break-up D. break-out
8. The room was______________decorated in goal and silver; it was quite simply over the top.
A. ostentatiously B. tantalizingly C. tactfully D. benevolently
9. It was a(n)_________________location with an intoxicating sense of romance, something akin to
what one might find described in a fairytale.
A. chivalrous B. whimsical C. enchanting D. extravagant
10. The décor of the hotel was________________ ; it screamed “five-star” from the moment you
stepped into the lobby.
A. sumptuous B. picturesque C. idyllic D. quaint

III. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5 points)

Choose the word which best completes each sentence.
1. Your voice reminds me of somebody, but I can’t remember ________.
A. it is B. who is C. who is he D. who
2. If the horse wins today, he _______ thirty races in the last five years.
A. will win B. will have won C. would have won D. had won
3. I’m not going to tell you the reason ________ my decision.
 A. for B. with C. to D. on
4. The sky is clear, so it’s _________ to rain this afternoon.
A. doubtful B. improbable C. unlikely D. uncertain
5. After he had broken his leg, Henry could only go up and down stairs ________.
A. with difficulties B. in difficulties C. hardly D. hard
6. __________ stay the night if it’s too difficult to get home.
A. By all means B. At all costs C. In all D. On the whole
7. They’ve _______ a horrible new tower block where that lovely old building used to be.
A. put up B. put down C. pushed up D. pulled down
8. I’ve never got _____ very well with my mother. We’ve got completely different
personalities.
A. off B. away C. on D. up
9. The salary of a bus driver is much higher __________.
A. than that of a teacher B. to compare with a teacher
C. than a teacher D. than the teacher is
10. Experts say that there were a number of reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire.
There _______________a number of reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire.
A. are said to have been C. are said being
B. said to be D. was said being
IV. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 points)
Choose the word which best completes each sentence.
1. I don’t have much money these days, so it’s hard to keep__________my music collection.
A. up B. on C. up with D. by
2. I’m still not sure about this track, but I think it’s starting to grow_______________me.
A. in B. on C. up with D. next to
3. I can tell they’ve put____________a lot of hard work when you listen to their latest album.
A. on B. in C. into D. away
4. Before the concert started, we could hear the band warming up ____________stage.
A. outside B. beyond C. out of D. off
5. You should plan things more carefully and not just act ______________impulse all the
time.
A. at B. against C. on D. in
th
6. Why don’t we meet_____________here again on the 12 , when I get back from Germany?
A. up B. together C. in D. at
7. Don’t pick_____________the other children in your class because you’re bigger then them.
A. on B. up C. on D. by
8. I wish you would just do as you’re told and not answer______________ every time I ask
you to do something.
A. against B. back C. at D. to
9. I had a row with Ellie and it just cancelled ____________all the effort I’d put into getting
her to like me.
A. into B. up C. off D. out
10. After I got to know Ben a bit better, he started to open______________about his feelings.
A. up B. out C. at D. on
V. GUIDED CLOZE TEST
1. Read the following passage carefully and then choose best option to fit each space (5 points)

The issues for (1)_____________economies are a little more straightforward. The desire to
build on undeveloped land is not (2)_______________out of desperation or necessity, but is a result
of the relentless march of progress. Cheap labor and a relatively highly-skilled workforce make
these countries highly competitive and there is a flood of inward investment, particularly from
(3)_______________looking to take advantage of the low wages before the cost and standard of
living begin to rise. It is factors such as these that are making many Asian economies extremely
attractive when viewed as investment opportunities at the moment. Similarly, in Africa, the relative
(4) _______________ of precious metals and natural resources tends to attract a lot of
(5)_______________ companies and a whole sub-industry develops around and is completely
dependent on this foreign-direct investment. It is understandable that countries that are the focus of
this sort of attention can lose sight of the environmental implications of large-scale industrial
development, and this can have devastating consequences for the natural world. And it is a
(6)_______________ cycle because the more industrially active a nations becomes, the greater the
demand for and harvesting of natural resources. For some, the environment issues, though they can
hardly be ignored, are viewed as a (7) _______________concern. Indeed, having an environment
conscience or taking environmental matters into consideration when it comes to decisions on
whether or not to build rubber-tree (8) _______________or grow biofuel crops would be quite
(9)_______________indeed. For those involved in such schemes it is a pretty black-and-white
issue. And, for vast (10) _______________of land in Latin America, for example, it is clear that the
welfare of the rainforests matters little to local government when vast sums of money can be made
from cultivating the land.
1. A. emerging B. emergent C. convergent D. resurgent
2. A. grown B. born C. bred D. arisen
3. A. multinationals B. migrants C. continentals D. intercontinentals
4. A. premonition B. abundance C. amplitude D. accumulation
5. A. exploitation B. exploration C. surveyance D. research
6. A. vacuous B. viscous C. vexatious D. vicious
7. A. parallel B. extrinsic C. peripheral D. exponential
8. A. plantations B. homesteads C. ranches D. holdings
9. A. proscriptive B. prohibitive C. prospective D. imperative
10. A. regions B. plots C. tracts D. sectors
2. Read the following passage carefully and then choose best option to fit each space (5 points)
Science fiction films and books are ____(1)____ of robots that look, and even think, exactly
like humans. Some people believe it will not be long ____(2)____ such machine become a reality.
However, most advanced, electronic machines still look ____(3)____ like people. These machines
cannot yet think in the same way ____(4)____ a person; some say they never will. But they are able
to make decisions and solve problems. An airliner’s automatic pilot, for example, can control a
plane, even ____(5)____take-off and landing.
Computers issue detailed instructions in order to control the ways robots act. The simplest
robots just allow a set of instructions and ____(6)____ the same movements again and again. Many
factories rely on such robots to ____(7)____ the sorts of tasks that a human worker would certainly
find very boring and they can do many jobs more rapidly and ____(8)____ great accuracy. Very
advanced robots have sensors with which they can ____(9)____ information about their
surroundings. These robots can move from place to place, using tiny television cameras to
____(10)____ their way.
Many scientists are convinced that robots will soon be intelligent enough to explore other
planets more effectively than humans.

1. A. full B. filled C. plenty D. packed

2. A. after B. when C. as soon as D. before
3. A. somewhat B. something C. nothing D. more or less
4. A. with B. as C. like D. of
5. A. during B. while C. throughout D. at
6. A. repeat B. make C. do D. resume
7. A. practise B. realise C. carry out D. perform
8. A. at B. with C. for D. under
9. A. produce B. gather C. gain D. collect
10. A. look for B. find C. search D. discover
READING PASSAGE 1 (5 points)
Learning means acquiring knowledge of developing the ability to perform new behaviors. It
is common to think of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning
occurs outside the classroom, and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands
to manipulate toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights,
sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to interact with their parents,
siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn
basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a
great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which
are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for interacting with other children. After they
finish school, people must learn to adapt to the many major changes that affect their lives, such as
getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the
study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to
educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers
need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and
advertisers make use of the principles of learning to influence the behavior of workers, voters, and
consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain.
Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this
storage takes place, and how the brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it. In contrast,
psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a
result of a person’s experiences.
There are many forms of learning, ranging from simple to complex. Simple forms of
learning involve a single stimulus. A stimulus is anything perceptible to the senses, such as a sight,
sound, smell, touch, or taste. In a form of learning known as classical conditioning, people learn to
associate two stimuli that occur in sequence, such as lightning followed by thunder. In operant
conditioning, people learn by forming an association between a behavior and its consequences
(reward or punishment). People and animals can also learn by observation – that is, by watching
others perform behaviors. More complex forms of learning in clued learning languages, concepts,
and motor skills.
(Extracted from Microsoft Student 2009 – DVD Version)
1. According to the passage, which of the following is learning in broad view comprised of?
A. Knowledge acquisition and ability development
B. Acquisition of academic knowledge
C. Acquisition of social and behavioral skills
D. Knowledge acquisition outside the classroom
2. According to the passage, what are children NOT usually taught outside the classroom?
A. Interpersonal communication B. Life skills
C. Literacy and calculation D. right from wrong
3. Getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job are mentioned in paragraph 2 as
examples of ________.
 A. The changes to which people have to orient themselves
B. The situations in which people cannot teach themselves
C. The areas of learning which affect people’s lives
D. The ways people’s lives are influenced by education
4. Which of the following can be inferred about the learning process from the passage?
A. It becomes less challenging and complicated when people grow older.
B. It plays a crucial part in improving the learner’s motivation in school.
C. It takes place more frequently in real life than in academic institutions.
D. It is more interesting and effective in school than that in life.
5. According to the passage, the study of learning is important in many fields due to ______.
A. The influence of various behaviors in the learning process
B. The great influence of the on-going learning process
C. The exploration of the best teaching methods
D. The need for certain experiences in various areas
6. It can be inferred from the passage that social workers, employers, and politicians concern
themselves with the study of learning because they need to ______.
A. Thoroughly understand the behaviors of the objects of their interest
B. Understand how a stimulus relates to the senses of the objects of their interest
C. Change the behaviors of the objects of their interest towards learning
D. Make the objects of their interest more aware of the importance of learning
7. The word “retrieves” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. Generates B. creates C. gains D. recovers
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Psychologists studying memory are concerned with the brain’s storage of knowledge.
B. Psychologists are all interested in memory as much as behaviors.
C. Psychologists studying learning are interested in human behaviors.
D. Psychologists studying memory are concerned with how the stored knowledge is used.
9. According to the passage, the stimulus in simple forms of learning______.
A. Is created by the senses B. is associated with natural phenomena
B. Makes associations between behaviours D. bears relation to perception
10. The passage mainly discusses ______.
A. General principles of learning
B. Application of learning principles to formal education
C. Simple forms of learning
D. Practical examples of learning inside the classroom
READING PASSAGE 2 (5 points)

The issue of equality for women in British society first attracted national attention in the early
th
20 century, when the suffragettes won for women the right to vote. In the 1960s feminism became
the subject of intense debate when the women’s liberation movement encouraged women to reject
their traditional supporting role and to demand equal status and equal rights with men in areas such
as employment and pay.
Since then, the gender gap between the sexes has been reduced. The Equal Pay Act of 1970, for
instance, made it illegal for women to be paid less than men for doing the same work, and in 1975
the Sex Discrimination Act aimed to prevent either sex having an unfair advantage when applying
for jobs. In the same year the Equal Opportunities Commission was set up to help people claim
their rights to equal treatment and to publish research and statistics to show where improvements in
opportunities for women need to be made. Women now have much better employment
opportunities, though they still tend to get less well-paid jobs than men, and very few are appointed
to top jobs in industry.
In the US the movement that is often called the “first wave of feminism” began in the mid-
1800s. Susan B. Anthony worked for the right to vote, Margaret Sanger wanted to provide women
with the means of contraception so that they could decide whether or not to have children, and
Elizabeth Blackwell, who had to fight for the chance to become a doctor, wanted women to have
greater opportunities to study. Many feminists were interested in other social issues.
The second wave of feminism began in the 1960s. Women like Betty Friedan and Gloria
Steinem became associated with the fight to get equal rights and opportunities for women under the
law. An important issue was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was intended to change
the Constitution. Although the ERA was not passed, there was progress in other areas. It became
illegal for employers, schools, clubs, etc. to discriminate against women. But women still find it
hard to advance beyond a certain point in their careers, the so-called glass ceiling that prevents
them from having high-level jobs. Many women also face the problem of the second shift, i.e. the
household chores.
In the 1980s, feminism became less popular in the US and there was less interest in solving the
remaining problems, such as the fact that most women still earn much less than men. Although
there is still discrimination, the principle that it should not exist is widely accepted.
1. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that in the 19th century,______
A. British women did not complete their traditional supporting role
B. most women did not wish to have equal status and equal rights
C. British women did not have the right to vote in political elections
D. suffragettes fought for the equal employment and equal pay
2. The phrase “gender gap” in paragraph 2 refers to_____.
A. the visible space between men and women
B. the difference in status between men and women
C. the social distance between the two sexes
D. the social relationship between the two sexes
3. Susan B. Anthony, Margaret Sanger, and Elizabeth Blackwell are mentioned as _____.
A. American women who were more successful than men
B. American women with exceptional abilities
C. pioneers in the fight for American women’s rights
D. American women who had greater opportunities
4. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)_____.
A. was not officially approved B. changed the US Constitution
C. was brought into force in the 1960s D. supported employers, schools and clubs
5. In the late 20th century, some information about feminism in Britain was issued by_____.
A. the Equal Rights Amendment B. the Equal Pay Act of 1970
C. the Equal Opportunities Commission D. the Sex Discrimination Act
6. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The movement of feminism began in the US earlier than in Britain.
B. The women’s liberation movement in the world first began in Britain.
C. The US movement of feminism became the most popular in the late 20th century.
D. The British government passed laws to support women in the early 20th century.
7. The phrase “glass ceiling” in paragraph 4 mostly means_______.
A. an imaginary barrier B. an overlooked problem
C. a ceiling made of glass D. a transparent frame
8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. There is now no sex discrimination in Britain and in the US.
B. Many American women still face the problem of household chores.
C. An American woman once had to fight for the chance to become a doctor.
D. British women now have much better employment opportunities.
9. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A. the belief that sex discrimination should not exist is not popular in the US
B. women in Britain and the US still fight for their equal status and equal rights
C. the British government did not approve of the women’s liberation movement
D. women do not have better employment opportunities despite their great efforts
10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Opportunities for Women Nowadays B. Women and the Right to Vote
C. The Suffragettes in British Society D. Feminism in Britain and the US

B. WRITTEN TEST (70PTS)

I. OPEN CLOZE TEST
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD
for each space.
CLOZE TEST 1: (10 points)
ETHICS AND FASHION
People are becoming increasingly aware of the relationship between ethics and fashion. At
last month’s Fashion Week, for example, visitors enjoyed a large room devoted to an exhibition
featuring designers promoting ethical fashion. Then came the launch of GreenLuxury, a new
company whose aim is to provide luxury that is produced in an ethically sound way. Articles about
fashion are as like to mention campaigns (1) _______________ as “Germents Without Guilt” as
exquisite fabrics and sharp cuts.
So, (2) _______________ has given rise to this change in an area of life we might normally
think of as being millions of miles away from the world of politics ? The argument goes that (3)
_______________idea of buying disposable clothes that we only wear a (4)_______________
times before relegating to the back of the wardrobe, clashes (5)_______________environmental
ethics about waste and over-consumption. When the government announces that the fashion market
annually produces two million tons of waste and use 3.1 million tonnes of CO2, we know that
fashion is being dragged into the green discourse (6) _______________ it likes it or not. In fact, it
seems the industry has actually embraced this approach.
(7) _______________ exception, all the designers at this year’s Fashion Week claimed their
pieces were ethically made. The fashion industry is certainly (8) _______________ the issue of
ethics seriously, as is shown by its call on the government to introduce tax breaks
(9)_______________ designers working sustainably, as (10) _______________as by a leading
supermarket’s recently announced partnership with a group of designers using recycled fabrics.
CLOZE TEST 2: (10 points)
Throughout history, women have had responsibility for healing the sick. However, it is only
____(1)_____ recent times that they have been allowed to train as doctors at ____(2)____ schools
in Britain. Yet in that short time, they have made an enormous ____(3)____ to modern medicine.
The first female doctors were priestesses who gave ____(4)____ about diseases and
____(5)____ and prepared medicine. In ancient Rome, women healers were considered
____(6)____ and respected.
In Britain, for centuries male doctors were ____(7)____ of women who practised medicine
____(8)____ and in 1512 a law was passed making it ____(9)____ for them to do so. Women
couldn’t study medicine at universities until the 19th century and they only began to gain
____(10)____ with male doctors in the 20th century.
II. WORD FORMATION (20 points)
PART 1
Use the correct form of each of the words given in parentheses to fill in the blank in each
sentence.
THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD
Levels of illiteracy and (1. number) _______________remain startling high in the developing
world, and will continue to be so until the West provides or sponsors new education (2.initiate)
_______________, preferably also getting directly. A better education is a prerequisite should the
(3. poverty) _______________ masses of Africa ever wish to hold any genuine hope of gaining
their (4.emancipate) _______________ from the metaphorical shackles of poverty. Education
initiatives for young people as well as life-long learning programmes will also help to breach the
gulf that separates the working classes from their ruling elite, a (5.privilege) _______________ few
who enjoy the trappings of Western wealth and the lifestyle that goes with it, while those in their
minds are completely (6. occupy) _______________with the daily struggle for survival.
Furthermore, we must promote a culture of tolerance of corruption and help to create a new
generation for whom education rather than an (7. scruple) _______________nature will reap the
true rewards. Education will also help to bridge another gap; that of the cultural one which
separates the West from its brethren in the developing world. The impoverished slums and shanty
towns are a hotbed of religious and political (8. extreme) _______________, but hopefully
education will serve to create a better sense of understanding between all the peoples of the world,
irrespective of background. And this will especially be the case if the education programmes
themselves are administered by Western professionals, who, in much the same way as they can
teach a thing or two to their (9. counter) _______________in the developing world, have also, no
doubt, much to learn from them in the process as well. Cooperation between people from the
different cultures of the West and the developing world will also, hopefully, help to reduce levels of
prejudice, bigotry, xenophobia and racial (10. tense)_______________. And, last but not by any
means least, educating women will empower them to claim their rightful place in the social
hierarchy in up-to-now male-dominated cultures. Their aspirations can shift realistically higher, and
young female students can hope to go on to become tomorrow’s politicians, diplomats and political
leaders, or whatsoever they choose.

PART 2
Choose and write the correct form of the words in the box to finish the following passage.

breath harm judge demand differ

able consider important correct stead

Exercise is one of the ways of keeping depressed away. It improves your body and your
mind and (1)___________ you to perform better in the work place and at home.
Proper (2)________________ is essential if you want to get the most from exercise and you
should also take into (3)_______________ your heart rate. It can be (4)______________ to do too
much, which is why all good fitness instructors emphasize the (5)______________ of “listening to
your body”. When you first start you should use good (6)_____________, because it’s easy to make
of using the equipment (7)_________________ or doing too much at one time. Start slowly and
build up gradually. Exercise should not be seen as a (8)_________________ task; it can be easy as
a quick walk. To increase your fitness (9)_______________, exercise for 20 minutes a day, 4 to 6
times a week and you will notice a (10)______________ in your body and mind in a few weeks.

III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 points)

The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify and correct them.

Mars is an inhospitable planet, much similar to Earth's moon than to Earth itself. It is frozen
solid, blanket by the mere wisp of an atmosphere- a dry, stark, seem lifeless world. However,
certain scientists believe that these conditions could be changed. They have begun to seriously
investigate the possibility of transforming Mars to a more Earth-like planet: enriching the
"atmosphere with oxygen, obtain water from polar ice caps, seeding the planet with plants and
animal life on Earth, and eventually establishing permanent human colonies”. It was once thought
to be so far in the future as to being irrelevant,''' said Christopher McKay, a research scientist at the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration "But now it is starting to look practice. We could
do it in four or five decades."
The idea of "terra-forming" Mars, as enthusiasts" call it, has its roots in science fiction. But
as researchers develop a more profound understand of how Earth's ecology supports life, they have
begun to see that it may be possibly to create similar conditions on Mars.

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION. (20 points)

Rewrite the following sentences with the given words in such a way that the second sentence has
the same meaning as the first one. Do not change the form of the words in brackets.
1. It’s sad, but unemployment is unlikely to go down this year.
 Sad___________________________________________.
2. We must think about ways of improving the transport system.
 Thought________________________________________.
3. It was his lack of confidence that surprised me.
 What_______________________________.
4. It was not until five years had elapsed that the whole truth about the murder came out.
 Not for____________________________________________________________.
5. Nowadays goods are often acquired but not paid for immediately. CREDIT
 Nowadays goods are often ____________________________
6. Laura was faced by a lot of problems during her childhood.
CONTEND
 Laura had a___________________________________
7. I was not well enough to play football that day. TO
 I didn’t feel________________________.
8. I left my last job because I didn’t really agree with my manager’s approach. EYE
 I left my left job because I ___________________________________.
9. “I’m going to enjoy myself now the exams are over,” said Heidi. HAIR
  Heidi said she ____________________________________.
10. I decided right there and then to buy it and now I really regret it! WHIM
 I bought it______________________________________________!