MAPUA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

ME136P-2/C4
Engineering Materials, Processes and Testing

Laboratory Experiment 1.3

BENDING TEST OF A REINFORCING STEEL BAR

Ferrer, Wes Vincent M. Date Performed: November 23, 2021

2018102352 Date Submitted: November 25, 2021

Engr. Jennifer A. Valdez

Professor
ABSTRACT
The Bending Test for Steel Rebar is a low-cost, qualitative test that can be used to determine a
material's ductility and soundness. Due to the simplicity of both the test item and the equipment,
the Bending Test of Steel Bar is often used as a quality control test for butt-welded joints. Bend
testing, also known as flexure testing or transverse beam testing, evaluates the behavior of
materials when subjected to primary beam stresses. It is most typically used on relatively flexible
materials, such as polymers, wood, and composites.

OBJECTIVE
1. Determination of the ultimate strength of the reinforcing steel bars when subjected to bending
and examining of the reinforcing steel bars physical condition.
INTRODUCTION
A bending test (also known as a bending tensile test) measures a material's bending strength and
other key properties. Destructive materials testing is performed on plastics, fiber-reinforced
plastics (FRP), metals, and ceramic materials. Bending tests are used to determine a material's
ductility or resistance to fracture by deforming it in the middle and causing a concave surface or
bend to form without causing it to fracture. In contrast to a flexure test, the goal is to deform the
sample into a specific shape rather than loading it until it fails. Bending tests are not as standard
as tensile, compression, or fatigue testing.

Ductility is the ability of a substance, usually metal, to be stretched and hold its new shape. Steel
is a ductile metal, for example. Even after removing pressure from the steel, it will expand into a
unique shape. Ductility is the term for this feature. Metals and other construction materials
benefit from this feature. A material's ductility, bend strength, fracture strength, and fracture
resistance can be determined by bending it. These properties are used to determine if a material
will fail under pressure. They are critical in any construction process involving ductile materials
that are subjected to bending stresses. Suppose material begins to fracture or entirely fractures
during a three- or four-point bend test. In that case, it is reasonable to assume that it will fail
under similar conditions in any application, possibly resulting in catastrophic failure.

A guided bending test is used to evaluate the strength of a weld after it has been made. The
guided bend test requires the use of specific equipment. The material must bend up to a specified
angle, such as 180 degrees, without cracking. If this happens, the weld has passed the test. There
is no bending force reversal when doing these tests. Guided bend tests, semi-guided bend tests,
free-bend testing, and bend and flatten tests are all examples of bend tests. For broad groups of
materials, there are no standardized phrases for bend test results; instead, terms associated with
bend tests refer to specific shapes or types of materials. A bend test for ductility of welds is
included in ASTM E-190, for example.
The maximum fiber stress and strain are calculated for each increase in load. The results are
shown on a stress-strain diagram. Flexural strength has the maximum stress in the outermost
fiber. On the convex or tension side of the specimen's surface, this is computed. The flexural
modulus is calculated using the slope of the stress vs. deflection curve. If there isn't a linear
portion on the curve, the slope is calculated by fitting a secant line.

METHODS
A. Equipment
1. Testing Machine for Bending
2. Display Window to Load

B. Materials
1. Bar of Normal Reinforcement (8 mm)
2. Bar of Normal Reinforcement (10 mm)
3. Reinforcement Bar Galvanized (8 mm)
4. Reinforcement Bar Galvanized (10 mm)
C. Procedure
1. Take a sample of the steel rod to test it.
2. The diameter of the steel rod should be determined. Calculate the mean using at least three
measurements.
3. Place the test specimen on the bending table during this process. With the plane parallel to the
surface, the sample in the bending table should be kept parallel to the surface.
4. Place the pin's axis due to the parallel junction of the longitudinal ribs.
5. Choose a scale range that is appropriate for your needs.
6. Throughout the bending operation, gradually increase the amount of force applied to the
machine.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

As shown in the video, all bars are successfully bent 90 degrees and bend with a force of 28.8
kN. The 10 mm normal bar, there is no damage in the bent part of the bar, and it is considered to
pass condition. The 8 mm normal bar has damage on the bent portion, and it is considered a
failure. The 10 mm galvanized bar is wholly stretched, and the coating is slightly damaged. The
8 mm galvanized bar is similar to the 10 mm diameter.
We can see that the bars are completely bent to 90 degrees in the experiment. Only one of the
bars, the 8 mm normal bar, fails the test. It simply indicates that the 8 mm normal bar would
break if bent with 28.8 kN. Because it has a chip at the bent part, the ductility of the 8 mm
normal bar is low. One could argue that the diameter of a bar determines its ductility. Galvanized
steel has low ductility, even if the bar is more significant in diameter because it protects against
rust and corrosion. The galvanized bars are completely stretched in the video, and the coating is
damaged.

CONCLUSION
The objective was attained in this experiment. When the reinforcing bar is bent, we determine its
ultimate strength. In addition, we look at what happens to the reinforcement bar once the test is
finished. Engineers usually want to know about various aspects of a material's behavior, which is
why the bending test was created. A simple uniaxial tension or compression test, on the other
hand, may not be enough. When the specimen bends or flexes, it is subjected to a complex mix
of forces, including tension, compression, and shear. As a result, bend testing is commonly
performed to evaluate how materials respond to actual loading conditions. Flexural test data is
essential when a material is to be utilized as a support structure.
REFERENCES
1.) Bending test: Suitable for both brittle and ductile materials. (n.d.). Retrieved September 05,
2021, from https://www.gom.com/en/topics/bend-test.
2.) Reed, J. (n.d.). What is a bending test? Retrieved September 05, 2021, from
https://www.infobloom.com/what-is-a-bending-test.htm.
3.) Youtube. (2016, February 23). BEND TEST: How to test perform BENDING TEST of
STEEL REBAR | STEEL REBAR BEND TEST. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=VoJXAOAA-VQ.
4.) What is Bend Testing? (n.d.). Retrieved September 05, 2021, from
https://www.instron.com/en/our-company/library/test-types/flexure-test.