Financial Skill and Sustainability of Select Food Businesses in Taal, Lemery and Batangas

FINANCIAL SKILL AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SELECT FOOD BUSINESSES
IN TAAL, LEMERY AND BATANGAS
A Research Paper
Presented to
The Faculty of Senior High Department
Our Lady of Caysasay Academy
Taal, Batangas
In Partial Fulfillment
In the requirements for Practical Research 1
By:
Baleros, Joko B.
Pagkaliwagan, John Michael .
Villanueva, Mark Aiven H.
2021
1
Table of Contents
Approval Sheet………………………………………………………………………….i
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………ii
Dedications……………………………………………………………………………….
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………...
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………
Chapter I: The Research Problem……………………………………………………
Introduction………………………………………………………………………
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………...
Research Paradigm……………………………………………………………
Paradigm of the Study………………………………………………………….
Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………...
Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………..
Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation of the Study…………………………
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………...
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Chapter II: Review of Related Literature and Studies…………………………….
Related Literature………………………………………………………………
Synthesis of Related Literature………………………………………………
Related Studies………………………………………………………………….
Synthesis of Related Studies…………………………………………………
Chapter III: Research Methodology………………………………………………….
Research Design………………………………………………………………
Respondents of the Study……………………………………………………..
Data Gathering Instrument…………………………………………………….
Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………..
Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………………………….
Chapter IV: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data………………
Chapter V: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations…………………...
Summary………………………………………………………………………….
Findings…………………………………………………………………………...
Conclusions………………………………………………………………………..
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Recommendations………………………………………………………………
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………...
Appendices……………………………………………………………………….
Questionnaire……………………………………………………………
Letter of Request……………………………………………………......
Statistical Treatment……………………………………………………......
Curriculum Vitae………………………………………………………………...
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APPROVAL SHEET
The research paper entitled “FINANCIAL SKILL AND SUSTAINABILITY OF
SELECT FOOD BUSINESSES IN TAAL, LEMERY AND BATANGAS”
Prepared and submitted by Joko B. Baleros, Mark Aiven H. Villanueva and
John Michael C. Pagkaliwagan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for their
Research I has examines and recommended for approval of acceptance for Oral
Examination.
Ms. Margarita M. Perez

Research Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ______.
Mr. Jhay-Are Galit

Chairman
Ms. Joan C. Perez Ms. Ann Krisabelle Quilaton
Member Member
Approved and accepted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Research I.
Ms. Yolanda Adalin

Vice Principal
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Acknowledgement
The researchers send their sincerest gratitude to the people who helped and
provided them the possibility to complete this study.
A special thanks to their Research Teacher Ms. Margerita M. Perez, For her
never-ending support from the very start of this school year and, from her
productive criticisms and suggestions and for the encouragement to help the
researchers make this study to become possible.
To the researchers’ friends and classmates who showed support and
eagerness to and who sacrificed their time and help despite hectic schedule in
school.
To our dearest parents, who supports us financially and gave us the
permission to use all the required equipment and the necessary materials to
complete and finish the task
Lastly, we thank God for giving us the knowledge and the spirit to not give up
thus project, no matter what struggle or problem we face, we have God who
strengthens and helps us to get up again whenever we fall. No matter what
happen, God is with us and will always be with us, reminding us that “Nothings is
impossible”
-The Researchers
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DEDICATION
I'd like to express my heartfelt appreciation to everyone who helped make

this study possible.
First and foremost, I want to express my gratitude to my family for providing

me with daily motivation, guidance, encouragement, and financial support.
To my colleagues with whom I will share the publication of this research

paper's success.
Ms. Margerita M. Perez, my research paper mentor, assisted the writing of

this report in various respects through her wise guidance, constructive criticisms,
and patient support.
To all of the teachers who helped us along the way with this study paper and
gave us their full support and sincere congratulations.
Joko Baleros
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DEDICATION
First and foremost, I want to express my gratitude to my family for
providing me with daily motivation, guidance, encouragement, and financial
support.
paper's success.
To all of the teachers who helped us along the way with this study paper
and gave us their full support and sincere congratulations.
Mark Aiven Villanueva
8
DEDICATION
First and foremost, I want to express my gratitude to my family for
providing me with daily motivation, guidance, encouragement, and financial
support.
paper's success.
To all of the teachers who helped us along the way with this study paper
and gave us their full support and sincere congratulations.
John Michael Pagkaliwagan
9
Abstract
Title: : FINANCIAL SKILL AND
SUSTAINABILITY OF SELECT
FOOD BUSINESSES IN TAAL,
LEMERY AND BATANGAS
Researchers: Baleros, Joko B.
Pagkaliwagan, John Michael C.
Villanueva, Mark Aiven H.
Total Number of Pages: : pages
Type of Document: : Research
Name and Address of Institution: : Our Lady of Caysasay
Academy, Taal, Batangas
Number of Respondents: : 100 Food business owners from
Taal, Lemery and Lemery
Summary
This chapter presents the summary of the study, the findings, the
conclusion, and recommendation based on the findings of the researchers
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This study aims to determine the relationship betweenFinancial
Skill and Sustainability of Select Food Business om Taal, Lemery and
Batangas. The study was aimed to answer the following questions:
1. How do the business owners asses their financials skills?
2. How do the business owners assess the sustainability of their business??
3. There is no significant relationship between the owner’s financial skills and the
sustainability of their business.
4. How can the proposed sustainability development plan to the business
devised to improve the owners’ financial skills and the sustainability of their
business?
Findings of the Study
Based on the data collected, the following findings were obtained:
1. In the assessment of financial skill the highest frequency is "good" with 83
frequency and 83 percent while "poor" had no frequency nor percent.
2. In the assessment of sustainability the highest frequency is "good" with 71
3. The assessment of the financial skill and sustainability of businesses
obtained a computed r-value of 0.724, verbally interpreted as having high
correlation. It has a p-value of 1.72E-17 which is less than 0.05 level of
significance that led to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Thus, the food
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business owners' financial skill was significantly related to the
sustainability of their businesses.
4. The proposed sustainability development plan are anchored on the results
of the research wherein it focuses on enhancing the food business
owners’ financial skills and the sustainability of their business.
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were produced:
1. The average level of the literacy skill of food business owners is 2.85
meaning that it is on the good level.
2. The average level of the businesses' sustainability is 2.97 meaning that it
is on the good level.
3. There is a significant relationship between the food business owners'
financial skill and the sustainability of their businesses.
4. The proposed sustainability development plan may help in improving the
Recommendation
After the conclusions have been drawn, the following recommendations
may be considered:
1. The business owners may use the results of the study to formulate more
ways in developing their financial skills and the sustainability of their
business.
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2. The aspiring business owners may utilize the findings of the study to
educate themselves regarding the proper way to apply financial skills
Moreover; they may use this as a guide to run a business.
3. The devised sustainability development plan made by the researchers
may be used to give further ways to improve the financial skills, and
enhance the sustainability of businesses.
4. The future researchers may conduct similar study that will deeply explain
the findings of this research. Also, they may consider different factors that
affect one’s cognitive skills.
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Chapter I
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Introduction
In the business world, many business owners in Taal, Lemery and Batangas
need adequate financial skill. For the development of sustainable welfare and a
more transparent, fairer society, this makes financial skill essential. But the lack
of financial knowledge, overconfidence in financial knowledge and the lack of
government initiatives, regulations and frameworks, the lack of planning
and interesting and intriguing ways of teaching financial knowledge makes many
people understand little about finances. Individuals therefore have to make a
wide range of financial decisions and, unfortunately, they sometimes overlook the
risk associated with the decisions they make or simply do not understand it.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10922, commonly known as the "Economic and
Financial Literacy Act." was passed by the Congress of the Philippines. It is to
develop national awareness of economic and financial literacy by declaring
"Economic and Financial Literacy Week" every year in the second week of
November. Through financially skilled people who make sound financial
decisions, mobilize savings, and contribute ideas to improve economic and
financial policies and programs, the State recognizes the growth potential of the
country. This adheres to the belief that to become a successful entrepreneur, one
must be financially skilled. (lawphil, 2016).
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Financial literacy is one of the important skills needed for an entrepreneur to
be successful in their business. Business owners uses this skill to fully control
their business and gain an understanding of what balance sheets and profit and
loss statements mean to provide them a clear view of the financial state of their
enterprise and subsequently facilitates smarter business decisions. With this
Financial Literacy has been regarded as one of the skills required in running a
business. Therefore, entrepreneurs must be financially literate to apply their
understanding in order to make effective decisions to improve the financial well-
being of individuals and society. However the lack of financial literacy can lead to
large amounts of debts and poor financial decisions. Research studies on
financial literacy have shown that most financial consumer lack the ability. To
understand and effectively manage basic financial concepts or products. There
are predatory lenders who prey on the financially illiterate with high-interest rates,
subprime mortgages, and even fraud. Lack of financial knowledge can lead
someone to high debt, bad credit, and even bankruptcy.
The challenge of promoting financial skill in the country has also been
taken up by financial institutions such as banks. BDO Foundation, BDO
Unibank's corporate responsibility arm, produces videos of financial literacy and
educational materials for school-age children and Filipino workers overseas. The
BPI Foundation of the Bank of the Philippine Island has a "Manny & Me" program
that integrates concepts of financial management into elementary subjects. It is
not too late to become proficient, money-wise, for working people and even
moms who are struggling with their finances. (Remo, 2019).
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In the Philippines, however, financial literacy remains low, with only two
percent of Filipino adults able to answer questions on the subject correctly,
according to the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP, 2014). The BSP cited findings
from a study conducted by the World Bank that asked seven questions relating to
financial literacy, it included how to compute investments for compounding
interest, inflation and diversification. The World Bank study previously stated that
financial management habits developed during childhood tended to remain with
us into adulthood. This means that if a child is raised with the correct attitude and
mindset about money and savings, as they grow, they tend to be more intelligent
about finances. In their choices as consumers, and how they plan for retirement,
this is evident. Another study by the World Bank in 2014 also found that 20 million
Filipinos save money, but not all have bank accounts. An Asian Development
Bank (ADB) study reported the following year that the country had no national
strategy for financial education. (Laurus Enterprises, 2018).
According to Johanning (2019), people who are financially illiterate are at a
greater risk of financial instability in their businesses. It can result in poor saving,
poor spending, excessive credit card use, and bad investment decisions. The
stress of financial insecurity in families can lead to divorce, suicide, domestic
violence and other crimes.
It is important for entrepreneurs to be aware that financial literacy is an
important skill that they must practice for the sustainability of their businesses
and avoid financial problems along the way. The researchers want to know the
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relationship between entrepreneur’s financial skill and the business sustainability
of entrepreneurs in Taal, Lemery and Batangas. The objective of this papers us
to determine if the entrepreneur’s level of their financial skill can affect the
sustainability of their business as basis for the proposed sustainability
development plan to the sustainability of the business. This paper aims give
information the entrepreneurs about financial skill; what it is, advantages of being
skilled and disadvantages by being unskilled.
Conceptual Framework
According to Eresia-Eke, C., & Raath, C. (2013),. During the study, the
researchers sought to explore the connection between the financial literacy of
SMME owners and their business growth in South Africa (2013). At the beginning
of the study, the researchers had to determine if the SMME owners were
financial literate and thus the growth of their companies was collected from small
businesses from the local chamber of commerce in the South African province of
Gauteng in a cross-sectional manner. The researchers used questionnaires to
collect data from their respondents, who were the 105 owners of the SMME, in
conducting the study, it resulted in (57%) of respondents reporting that they had
received some form of financial training or education, while (43%) of respondents
reported that they had not received some kind of financial training. The research
is an ex-post-facto and cross-sectional form of empirical study. In the study, in
the process of finding the data, the researchers used non-probability methods,
mixed judgement and snowball sampling. The conclusions were that the study
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failed to show the correlation between the business owner's financial literacy and
their business growth, which seems to contradict the logic that any financially
illiterate person would not be able to manage or grow a company, although the
researchers claimed that this is not necessarily the case because the study did
not distinguish between SMMEs owners
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271105328_SMME_Owners'_Financial
_Literacy_and_Business_Growth
 Proposed
sustainability
 Business owner’s
 Researcher- development
Financial Skills
made plan to the
 The sustainability
Questionnaire sustainability
of the businesses
of the
Business
Figure 1.0
Research Paradigm
Paradigm of the Study
Figure 1.0 shows the conceptual paradigm of the study. The box at the left
contains the independent variable which is “Entrepreneurs’ Financial skills” and
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the dependent variable which is “The sustainability of the business”. The box at
the middle shows the research instrument used in the study, the researcher-
made questionnaire. Lastly the third box represents the researcher’s proposed
output.
Statement of the Problem
The study aimed to assess the relationship between financial skills and
sustainability of a business.
Specifically, the study wants to answer the following questions.
business?
Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the owners’ financial skills and
the sustainability of the business
Scope, Delimitation and Limitation
The researchers would like to find out how financial skill of business owners
in Taal, Lemery and Batangas may affect the sustainability of their business as
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basis for Proposed sustainability development plan to the sustainability of the
Business.
The researchers considered 100 food business owners from Taal,
Lemery and Batangas. The data for financial skills and sustainability of the
business are based in the results of the researchers made questionnaire
validated by experts in the field, a statistician and a grammarian. The
researchers gathered the needed information through different digital libraries
and internet websites.
The study did not discuss other branches of business skills such as
business management skills and analytical and problem solving skills that may
also affect the business’s sustainability. The perceived lapse of the study is that
the outcome may only be true to some business owners. Other factors that may
affect the business sustainability are not discussed in this study.
Significance of the study
The study focuses on entrepreneurial skills, particularly financial skills, and will
have an effect on how various companies and future businesses manage their
businesses and maintain sustainability. The findings of the research would
benefit the following.
Food Businesses. The study will help evaluate the skills required to manage
businesses properly and ensure sustainability.
Aspiring Business Owners. The results may be able to provide aspiring
business owners references and useful knowledge in handing their business. It
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will serve as a guide as they build their business and as they maintain their
business’ sustainability
Accountancy, Business and Management students. Through this study
Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) students may have a general
idea and knowledge in handing business thus will be of help to those students
who aspires to have their own business and avoid any mistakes that can ruin
their business
The future researchers. The outcome of the study may serves as a
reference or guide for future researchers on how to conduct their studies and can
be serve as an important source of information
Definition of Terms
For clearer understanding of the study, important terms are hereby defined
conceptually and operationally.
Business. It is defined as an organization or enterprising entity engaged
in commercial, industrial, or professional activities (Hayes, 2020). Operationally,
it refers to the entrepreneur’s firm and activities to make and sell goods or
services for profit.
Entrepreneur. An entrepreneur is an individual who creates a new business,
bearing most of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards (Hayes, 2020).
Operationally, it refers to a person who organizes and operates a food business
or businesses in Taal, Lemery and Batangas.
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Finance. It is a broad term that describes activities associated with banking,
leverage or debt, credit, capital markets, money, and investments (Kurt, 2020). In
the study it refers to the money or other liquid resources of a business.
Sustainability. It refers to the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or
level (Lexico, 2020). Operationally, it refers to the management and coordination
of environmental, social and financial demands and concerns to ensure
responsible, ethical and ongoing success.
Financial Skill. Is the capability to use relevant knowledge and
understanding to manage an expected or an unpredictable situation in order to
solve a financial problem and convert it to a benefit and opportunity to one’s
advantage (Zeynep Tezel, 2015). In the study it refers to the financial skill of the
food entrepreneurs in Taal, Lemery and Batangas.
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the literature and studies which are relevant to the
study. The study presents some sources and some researchers who wrote their
own insights about financial skills and sustainability of a business.
Related Literature
Since the study is concerned with the assessment of the financial skill and
sustainability of a business, the researchers had come up with readings that are
related to the study. Such readings include financial skill, sustainability, and
proposed sustainability development plan.
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Financial Skill. The level of financial literacy of a person is an important
factor for them to make a good financial decision. Financial literacy is not only
about the knowledge and understanding of financial concepts but it also involves
skills, motivation, and confidence in order to make effective decisions in a variety
of financial contexts, and to enhance the financial well-being of the society. Thus
both awareness and financial behaviour are related to financial literacy. (Lusardi,
2019)
Furthermore, financial literacy requires the combination of financial, credit
and debt management and the skills needed to make important
financial decisions in our everyday lives. Financial literacy includes an
understanding of how a checking account functions, what the use of a credit card
really entails, and how debt can be prevented. (Zucchi, 2019)
The instrument that will be used in financial management is a budget plan. It
tracks earnings and make sure that it just goes to the expenditures that business
owners want to fund at the same time. At least, if learning how to correctly use
the budget plan. Many individuals make a brilliant idea, then struggle to execute
it. People need to learn how to build a budget that is practical to make sure they
can execute it. There is a problem somewhere if people do not follow it. Maybe
they need updates or revisions to your budget plan. When the lifestyle changes
too, it has to change. That's part of the fundamental financial skills people need
to learn. (Diana 2018)
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Managers make decisions that affect the financial performance of their
company, whether it is planning activities, recruiting and firing employees,
preparing a budget, authorizing a capital expenditure, or submitting an invoice for
payment. These executives also lack the basic financial skills to allow them to
consider the financial effects of their choices. As a consequence, resources are
lost, bad decisions are made, and the organization's financial output suffers.
(Oliver, 2016)
Financial literacy skills are the confidence, knowledge and skills necessary to
make financial decisions that foster financial self-sufficiency, security and well-
being. These skills include the ability to identify, analyze, and use knowledge,
tools, and services effectively and to make informed decisions about financial
commitments, budgeting, credit, debt, and future planning. (Susan, 2011)
Sustanability. In the transition to a sustainable economy, companies have a
crucial position, but this requires them to incorporate social and environmental
factors in their decision-making processes. This raises the challenge, however, of
resolving conflicting long-term and short-term economic, social and
environmental commitments. (Tilley and Catherine, 2019)
The goal of sustainable development is to use human and natural
resources for the longest possible time to enhance service quality. This approach
offers personal satisfaction, which promotes action to accomplish particular
objectives so that the result is acceptable and fulfills the necessary requirements.
(Anna Llorca Mestre, Ana Tur-Porcar and Norat Roig-Tierno, 2018)
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In addition, sustainability is intended to encourage the survival of
businesses by implementation of strategies. The businesses recognized that the
need to act on sustainability increases as corporate responsibility requirements
and accountability increases. Therefore, professional communication and good
intentions are no longer enough. (Knut haanaes 2016)
The ability of businesses to meet their short-term financial needs without
losing the ability to address their future needs can be defined as business
sustainability. The definition of sustainable development therefore focuses on
time. (Pratima Bansal and Mark R. DesJardine, 2014)
The management and alignment of environmental, social and financial
criteria and issues to ensure responsible, ethical and ongoing success is
business sustainability, also known as corporate sustainability. Social,
environmental and economic demands are called the three foundations of
sustainability in a wider sense. They're often referred to as the triple bottom line
within the business sector. The idea is a divergence from the standard
understanding of the bottom line, which assesses all efforts in terms of their
short-term effects on earnings. (Ivy Wigmore, 2013)
Business Guidelines. The guidelines for the company are made to
achieve their goals. If business rules are properly implemented, they give
efficiency, precision, predictability and numerous other benefits. They will
ensure that the work continues and avoid a dysfunctional job with inconsistent
25
results, poor moral between employees and dissatisfied customers. (Mike
Raia , 2019)
Business regulations identify basic guidelines or restrictions on how to
execute such day-to-day acts. Business rules can include: an invoice
processing decision-making approval structure where only some executives
can sign off on invoice totalling a specific sum and regulations where a
company needs its workers to work with a preferred list of suppliers. They
offer a powerful and versatile way to help companies move more efficiently in
achieving their goals and better adapt to evolving business needs when
business rules are built separately from process implementations. (Laserfiche,
2018)
Many business rules will be optional for small businesses. Federal and
state regulations, however, can require the company to have and post policies
on such issues in the workplace, such as smoking, drugs and alcohol, and
sexual harassment. You have no choice but to comply with employment
regulations in the areas that are governed by law. (Mark Williams, 2012)
The business rules are an essential way of dealing with problems in a
business. A corporate regulation offers good and realistic guidelines. A
workable rule or advise must be sufficiently comprehensive and reliable so
that anyone can understand what it is or how it is interpreted which enables
employees to apply it efficiently and coherently in specific circumstances.
(Ronald Ross, 2012)
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Business rules also inform why something should or may not be done.
They can also be the feedback criteria used to make more difficult business
decisions that will ensure business-wide compliance. Business rules may refer
to individuals, general corporate conduct, or business processes and help
guide business practices, business process growth, and business systems
development. (Chris Adams, 2011)
Synthesis
Financial literacy not only focuses upon learning and understanding
financial concepts, but also requires skills, inspiration and trust to make good
decisions and increase the financial well-being in the society in a number of
financial contexts. Financial literacy includes an understanding how a Learning
how to create a budget is important in financial management and forms part of
the core financial skills that people need to master. Managers with no basic
financial skills needed to take financial decisions affect their choices. This leads
to lack of funds, poor choices and financial results of the company. Financial
skills include the ability to efficiently recognize, interpret and use information,
resources and services and to make informed decisions on financial obligations,
budgeting, loan, debt and future planning.
Companies have a critical role in the transition to a sustainable economy,
forcing them to integrate social and environmental aspects into their decision
making processes. The goal of sustainable development is to use human and
27
natural resources for the longest possible time to enhance service quality. This
approach offers personal satisfaction, which promotes action to accomplish
particular objectives so that the result is acceptable and fulfills the necessary
requirements. In addition, sustainability is intended to encourage the survival of
businesses through the implementation of strategies. The ability of businesses to
meet their short-term financial needs without losing the ability to address their
future needs can be described as business sustainability. Business sustainability,
also known as corporate sustainability, is a responsible, ethical and ongoing
performance management and alignment with environmental, social and financial
standards and issues.
The guidelines for the company are structured to achieve their goals such
as fixing a dysfunctional job with inconsistent results, poor moral expectations
between employees and dissatisfied customers. When business rules are
properly done, they give productivity, efficiency, predictability and various
benefits. Business rules create specific rules or limits the manner in which certain
regular acts are carried out. For small companies, many company rules would be
optional. However, federal and state laws require the organization to enforce and
put policies on issues such as smoking, narcotics, alcoholic drugs and sexual
harassment in the workplace. Good and practical advice is given by a company
regulation. A workable rule or advice must be thorough and trustworthy to help all
to understand what it is or how it is understood to allow workers to apply it in any
situations effectively and coherently. Corporate laws often inform why something
28
needs to be done or not. They can also be the feedback criteria used to make
more complex business decisions that will ensure business-wide compliance.
Related Studies ARRANGE YOUR STUDIES FROM PRESENT TO PAST
This segment presents similar studies to the current study that the
researchers have gathered.
Muhammad Irfai Sohilauw, Mursalim Nohong, and Andi Sylvana (2020)
examined the relationship between Financial Literacy, Rational Financing
Decisions, Financial Capital, and SME Financial Performance. The researchers
used surveys to collect information from the respondents. The researchers used
a cluster method technique and stratified random sampling to pick the
respondents, people who are included are from traditional markets, small
business debtors, medium business debtors, and troubled debtors. The
researchers used Structural Equation Modeling with the AMOS Software to
analyze the data, and the results showed that Financial Literacy, Rational
Financing Decision, and Financial Capital have a major impact on SME Financial
Performance.
Furthermore, the researchers' goal in the study by Joseph Kwadwo Tuffour,
Awurabena Asantewa Amoako, and others (2020) is to examine the impact of
financial literacy (awareness, attitude, and knowledge) on the efficiency (financial
and non-financial) of small-scale enterprises in the Ghanaian municipality of La
Nkwantanang Madina. During the course of the study, the researchers used a
29
questionnaire to gather data from 200 small-scale managers. The findings of the
analysis were based on the structural equation model. Financial literacy has a
major influence on success, indicating that these three factors (awareness,
attitude, and knowledge) have a positive effect on both financial and non-
financial performance, while the other three factors (person's age, educational
level, and experience) have no effect on financial literacy or performance.
Similarly, in the study of Agung Dharmawan Buchdad, Amelia Sholeha, and
etc.(2020), the researchers intend to examine the aspects of the SME
performance of the manager's financial literacy, using the financial item and
financial risk attitude as mediation variables. The researchers used the complete
sampling or census technique in their methodology. In order to collect data for
the analysis, Because of their status as the best performing SMEs in Indonesia in
this area, the researchers distributed online questionnaires to 70 people who
manage SMEs in the Brebes district of Central Java in order to collect research
data. A standardized sample of questions is used to create the questionnaire. In
the analysis of the results, the researchers used a structural equation model and
descriptive analysis to analyze the respondent's data. The findings revealed that
financial literacy, access to finance, and financial risk attitudes all have a positive
impact on MSMEs' performance, and that the effect of mediation of access to
finance and financial risk attitudes on MSMEs' performance is related to the
relationship between financial literacy and financial risk attitudes.
According to Marsha Willard, Carole Wiedmeyer and etc (2020), In response
to a growing need to move the world toward sustainable development and
30
sustainable practices within government and industry, a whole new profession is
emerging. This research study was conducted to bring clarity, cohesion, and
credibility to this new area. The study, conducted over a nine-month period,
sought to answer the question, “What should a sustainability professional know
how to do?” The study involved nearly 400 professionals working in the field of
sustainability, well over half of them having more than three years’ experience,
and nearly a quarter reporting over a decade of experience in the field. The study
used both open-ended questions and ranking-and-rating questions for
respondents to identify the most critical issues and skills of relevance to their
work. This summary highlights the key findings of the study. Each study had a
slightly different focus yet resulted in an overlap of skills identified.
Communication skills were identified in more than one study, as was the ability to
understand systems and to build the business case for sustainability.
In addition, in a study by Daniel Agyapong and Albert Bampo Attram (2019),
researchers investigated the financial literacy of the owners of the Cape Coast
Metropolis owner – managers of small and medium-sized enterprises – and how
it affects business performance. The researchers selected owners-managers of
registered SMEs from the Cape Coast Metropolis National Board of Small and
Medium Enterprises as study respondents and used a simple random sampling
technique to select 132 respondents from the study. In terms of methodology, the
researchers collected data by using questionnaires. To ensure that all 132
respondents received a questionnaire, the researchers distributed 160
questionnaires to them and were able to collect their responses after several
31
attempts. The findings were analyzed using structural equation modeling, which
showed that owner-managers' financial literacy has a significant impact on
business performance, meaning that the higher the owner-managers' financial
literacy, the better their business performs.
According to Wan Fauziah Wan Yusoff and Khadijah Muhammad Usama
(2019) they conducted a study in Nigeria's Bauchi metropolis to investigate the
impact of financial literacy on the financial market performance of entrepreneurs.
When collecting data, the researchers prepared survey questionnaires for the
respondents, who were Bauchi State Nigerian entrepreneurs. The questionnaires
were created in order to assess the respondents' financial literacy as well as the
sustainability of their businesses. Unfortunately, the researchers were only able
to recover 385 out of 500 questionnaires (77.2%) for review due to the low cost
and inadequate time for respondents' responses, and some of the respondents'
responses were inconsistent. Finally, the researchers were able to determine that
financial literacy has a statistically significant effect on the business production of
entrepreneurs in Bauchi using a regression analysis to compute the response of
the composite index of the dimensions of financial literacy and entrepreneurial
business performance.
According to Juhani Ukko, Mina Nasiri and etc (2019) the role of a
sustainability strategy in the relationship between a digital business strategy and
financial performance is empirically explored in this paper. This study suggests
that a sustainability strategy acts as a promoter in the relationship between
managerial capacity and financial performance, but inhibits the relationship
32
between current capability and financial performance by classifying two
capabilities (managerial capacity and operational capacity) that are required to
realize a digital business strategy. Data was collected from 280 small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in both the service and
manufacturing industries in Finland, using a formal survey questionnaire. Using
regression analysis, four developed hypotheses were tested to find the
relationship between digital business strategy, sustainability strategy, and
financial results. The results indicate that in the relationship between managerial
capacity and financial performance, a sustainability approach acts as a promoter,
but inhibits the relationship between organizational capability and financial
performance.
In the study of Anthony Abiodun Eniola and Harry Entebang (2017), The
researchers want to examine the financial literacy of small and medium business
(SMEs) owners and managers in three states in southwest Nigeria, and how it
relates to the firm's success or development. To collect data, the researchers
distributed 600 questionnaires to the respondents. The researchers used random
sample and structural equation modeling to evaluate the data gathered and the
respondents' financial literacy level (SEM). The findings reveal a connection
between financial literacy, financial understanding, financial awareness, financial
attitudes, and firm performance and development.
Furthermore, in the Aryal Nirmal and Panta Sabin Bikram (2015) study, The
researchers want to examine the financial literacy of small and medium business
(SMEs) owners and managers in three states in southwest Nigeria, and how it
33
relates to the firm's success or development. To collect data, the researchers
distributed 600 questionnaires to the respondents. The researchers used random
sample and structural equation modeling to evaluate the data gathered and the
respondents' financial literacy level (SEM). The findings reveal a connection
between financial literacy, financial understanding, financial awareness, financial
attitudes, and firm performance and development. They limited the contact of
respondents with one another in order for the researchers to evaluate the
respondents' individual abilities. Since it was a quantitative analysis, it was
evaluated using a descriptive approach based on the given conceptual
framework. The findings revealed that, despite their lack of financial literacy or
education, the majority of the respondents have at least basic financial
knowledge. The researchers also discovered that the majority of the respondents
are unaware of current financial market events.
Moreover, in the study of Grant Samkin and Elizabeth Pitu and Mary Low (2014),
the aim of their study is to determine whether the financial literacy/skills of business
owners are necessary in order to be successful in business and whether their growth
and past financial education have an impact on their skills. In selecting the respondents,
the researchers used snowball sampling techniques to invite small business owners to
participate in the study. The study included 18 owners of 17 small businesses on the
North Island of New Zealand as respondents. Interviews were conducted to assess the
respondents which resulted that English and Math were secondary school subjects that
helped business owners to have knowledge of the financial side of their business.
Synthesis
34
Every study that is mentioned is related to the current study of the
researchers. Each studies shows the relationship between financial literacy and
sustainability of a business, also presenting how it was conducted, who the
respondents and what the findings of each studies are.
All of the mentioned studies have the same IDV and similar DV with the
current study which are financial literacy and the sustainability, growth or the
performance of the business. The studies conducted by Joseph Kwadwo Tuffour,
Awurabena Asantewa Amoako and etc (2020), Agung Dharmawan Buchdad,
Amelia Sholeha, and etc (2020), Daniel Agyapong and Albert Bampo Attram
(2019), Anthony Abiodun Eniola and Harry Entebang (2017), Grant Samkin and
Elizabeth Pitu and Mary Low (2014), Marsha Willard, Carole Wiedmeyer and etc
(2010), Juhani Ukko, Mina Nasiri and etc (2019) and, Mabutho Sibanda and
Blessing Maumbe (2019) shared similarities with the current study in terms of
respondents which are business owners/managers of SMEs or within the same
industry. In methodology, excluding one study, all of the mentioned studies have
the same methodology where the researchers conducted questionnaires and
surveys in gathering data from the selected respondents. The study of Grant
Samkin and Elizabeth Pitu and Mary Low (2014) applied the same snowball
sampling method of choosing the respondents just like the current study.
These studies each have their differences to the current study. In terms of
respondents these studies have different respondents to the current study. In the
study of Wan Fauziah Wan Yusoff and Khadijah Muhammad Usama (2019), the
35
researchers included the entrepreneurs of Nigeria's Bauchi metropolis as their
respondents , in the study of Aryal Nirmal and Panta Sabin Bikram (2015), the
researchers chose executives of the agro , in the study of Mella Fitria, Yurniwati ,
Annisaa Rahman (2018), the researchers chose the individuals who are in the
handicraft section in Padang city while in the study of Muhammad Irfai Sohilauw,
Mursalim Nohong, Andi Sylvana (2020), the researchers chose various
respondents such as the individuals in traditional markets, Small Business
debtors, Medium Business debtors and Troubled Debtors. As mentioned almost
all mentioned studies have the same methodology or the instrument in collecting
and gathering data from the respondents except for the Grant Samkin and
Elizabeth Pitu and Mary Low (2014) which conducted semi interviews for data for
their research. In terms of sampling or in choosing the respondents
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers the method and procedures utilized by the researchers.
This includes the research design, subject of the study, instruments and data
gathering procedure and statistical treatment.
Research Design
The researchers made use of descriptive research design to determine the
relationship between financial skill and the sustainability of the food businesses
in Taal, Lemery and Batangas.
36
Descriptive research is one of three basic types of research design. It is a
quantitative research method that is considered conclusive and is used to test
specific hypotheses and describe characteristics or functions. Descriptive
research should have a clear and accurate research question/problem. (Bar
Fluet, 2020)
In addition, descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically
describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, where,
when and how questions, but not why questions. A descriptive research design
can use a wide variety of research methods to investigate one or more variables.
(McCombes, 2019).
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study are the business owner of food businesses in
Taal, Lemery and Batangas. The researchers randomly selected 100
respondents for the study.
Data Gathering Instrument
The respondents were given research-made questionnaire to gather
information which is suitable for the researchers’ conclusion. The questionnaire
includes questions about the financial skill. Also, it comprises questions about the
37
Table1
Scale for Assessment of Financial Skill
Level Scale
Excellent 4
Good 3
Fair 2
Poor 1
Table2
Scale for Assessment of Sustainability
Level Scale
Excellent 4
Good 3
Fair 2
Poor 1
Data Gathering Procedures
The researchers sent a request letter to the owners/managers of food
businesses in Taal, Lemery and Batangas before conducting the research study.
The researchers handed out the survey questionnaires to the respondents
through the use of the internet and collected the questionnaires after two weeks.
Consequently, the results of the answered survey questionnaires were tallied,
analyzed, and interpreted.
Statistical Treatment of Data
After the researchers retrieved the data, tallying, tabulating, and analyzing
was done. The following statistical treatments were used:
Frequency. This was used to determine the number of respondents for each
assessment of the financial skill and sustainability of business of select food
business owners in Taal, Lemery and Batangas.
38
Mean. This was used to determine the average respondent for each level of
assessment of financial skill and the sustainability of food businesses in Taal,
Lemery and Batangas.
Percentage. This was used to determine the proportion of respondents for the
assessment of the financial skill and sustainability of business of select food
business owners in Taal, Lemery and Batangas.
Pearson-r Moment of Correlation. This was used to determine the relationship
between the financial skill and the sustainability of business of select food
business owners in Taal, Lemery and Batanga
Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data based on the
statistical procedure. The data used in the interpretation were gathered from food
business owners from the vicinity of Taal, Lemery and Batangas
1. Financial Skills
The food business owner’s financial skills s evaluated and presented
on the table 3 below
Table 3
Food business owners’ assessment of Financial Skill
39
Level f %
Excellent 7 7%
(3.5-4.0)
Good 83 83%
(2.5-3.49)
Fair 10 10%
(1.5-2.49)
Poor 0 0%
(1.0-1.49) As
Total 100 100%
indicated on the table, out of 100 food business owners, 83 or 83 percent are
within the good level, followed by the fair level with a frequency of 7 or 7 percent,
significantly higher than the previous one. Also, 10 or 10 percent belong to the
fair level. Lastly, none of 100 food business owners are part of the poor level.
In the table, is it indicated that the Good level is shows the highest frequency
out of all the levels, with a frequency of 83 or 83 percent. It suggests the majority
of food business owners possess a good level of financial skills. Moreover, is
also implies that their business are also in an acceptable sustainability level.
As mentioned by Zucchi (2019), financial literacy is described as the ability to
manage money, credit, and debt, as well as the skills required to make important
financial decisions in our daily lives. Understanding how a checking account
operates, what using a credit card means, and how debt can be avoided are all
examples of financial literacy.
In similar with Susan (2011), financial literacy skills are the trust, awareness,
and skills needed to make financial decisions that lead to financial security,
stability, and well-being. These abilities include the ability to efficiently recognize,
40
interpret, and apply information, resources, and services, as well as the ability to
make informed financial choices, budgeting, credit, debt, and future planning
decisions.
In addition Lusardi (2019) stated that a person's level of financial literacy is a
critical factor in making good financial decisions. Financial literacy requires not
only the knowledge and understanding of financial principles, but also the
expertise, inspiration, and trust needed to make effective decisions in a variety of
situations and to improve society's financial well-being. As a result, financial
literacy is linked to both financial knowledge and financial behavior.
2. Sustainability of a business
The sustainability of the businesses of the food business owners are

evaluated and presented below in table 4
Table 4
Sustainability of a business
Level f %
Excellent 13 13%
(3.5-4.0)
Good 71 71%
(2.5-3.49)
Fair 16 16%
(1.5-2.49)
Poor 0 0%
(1.0-1.49)
Total 100 100%

Prese
nted on the
41
table, the good level has the highest frequency out of all the other levels, with the
frequency of 71 or 71 percent. It is higher than both the excellent level and fair
level with the frequency of 13 or 13 percent and 16 or 16 percent. While the poor
level have 0 frequency.
Based from the result, it can be said that the majority of the food business
owners have a sustainable business.
In the article of Anna Llorca Mestre, Ana Tur-Porcar and Norat Roig-Tierno,
(2018) states that the goal of sustainable development is to increase service
quality by using human and natural resources for as long as possible. This
method provides financial gain, which encourages people to take action to
achieve specific goals so that the end result is satisfactory and meets the
requirements.
Moreover, Knut haanaes (2016) mentions that the aim of sustainability is to
help companies survive by implementing strategies. Businesses have recognized
that as corporate responsibility and accountability requirements expand, so does
the need to act on sustainability. As a result, competent contact and good
intentions aren't enough any longer.
Furthermore in the article of Pratima Bansal and Mark R. DesJardine, (2014)
states that Business sustainability is described as a company's ability to meet
short-term financial needs without risking its ability to meet future needs. As a
result, the emphasis of the concept of sustainable development is on time.
42
3. Relationship between Financial Skills and Sustainability of a
businesses of the food business owners
The Relationship between Financial Skills and Sustainability of a
business is shown in table 5 below.
Table 5
Mean Mean r-value Descriptio p- Decision( H 0 Verbal

Level of Level of n valu ) Interpretation
Financial Sustainabi e
Skills lity
2.85 2.97 0.724 High 1.72 Reject Significant

E-17
Relationship between Financial Skills and Sustainability of a business
As shown in Table 5, the mean level of the Financial Skills 2.85, while the
mean level of the Sustainability of a business 2.97.
The Relationship between Financial Skills and Sustainability of a business
was evaluated and computed where the r value is 0.724, verbally interpreted as
having high correlation. Since the computed p-value is less than 0.05 level of
significance, it rejects the null hypothesis. Thus, there is a significant relationship
between financial skills and sustainability of a business.
43
The results agree with the study of by Joseph Kwadwo Tuffour, Awurabena
Asantewa Amoako and etc. (2020) which stated that financial literacy has
significance impact on the performance of the business, indicating that the three
factors (awareness, attitude and knowledge) have a positive effect on both
financial and non-financial performances.
Moreover, in the study of Anthony Abiodun Eniola and Harry Entebang
(2017) shows that the respondents’ financial literacy, financial knowledge,
financial awareness, and financial attitudes is correlational with the performance
of the business and its growth. Implying that the greather the financial literacy of
an individual within the company the likely for him/her to perform well in the
business thus improving the company.
Also, in the study Daniel Agyapong and Albert Bampo Attram (2019)
investigating on how financial literacy affects the business performance. In the
analyzation of the results, it was concluded that the greater financial literacy of
the owner-managers the better their business performs.
Furthermore Irfai Sohilauw, Mursalim Nohong, Andi Sylvana (2020) assess
the relationship of Financial Literacy, Rational Financing Decision, Financial
Capital, and the SME Financial Performance. In evaluating the results, it was
concluded that Financial Literacy, Rational Financing Decision, Financial Capital,
significantly affects the SME Financial Performance.
Therefore, in order for the business to obtain stability or sustainability one
must possess sufficient financial skills and characteristics for the business to be
44
successful or profitable. In the study of Grant Samkin and Elizabeth Pitu and
Mary Low (2014) corresponds with the current study, where they sought to
determine if past financial skill and education has an effect on micro businesses
and its growth. They were able to find out that past financial education such as
English and Mathematics helped the business owners to possess financial
knowledge for their businesses
4. Proposed sustainability development plan
The proposed sustainability development plan are intended to help food
business owners to strengthen their financial skill and their businesses'
sustainability. The sustainability development plan will be based on the results
and from the researchers' observations. Furthermore, the researchers discussed
and planned their content based on information they had collected about the
financial skills of food business owners' and the sustainability of their companies.
Many other guides can be based on the sustainability development plan
proposed. Ultimately, this will become a solution to improve the financial skill and
sustainability of businesses.
Rationale
Since the findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between
one’s financial skill and sustainability, the researchers developed a sustainability
45
development plan that will benefit ABM students and most especially the
business owners. A guide is made to achieve a well-guided people for the
industry. The sustainability development plan is based on the assessment of
financial skills and the sustainability of their businesses, it is a tool to further
enhance their skills. Furthermore, the application of these sustainability
development plan to their business would promote good decision making and
stability.
l. Title
Proposed sustainability development plan to the sustainability of the
Business
ll. Description
The researchers, being concerned individuals with regards to the peoples'
financial skills and the sustainability of businesses, took the role of helping the
business owners in improving their financial skill and the sustainability of their
business which will help them to achieve greater competitive advantages.
Through a sustainability development plan, the business owners will be
enlightened of how to improve ones' financial skills and sustainability of their
business. Moreover, it serves as an instrument for an effective implementation of
sustainability development plan to a business.
lll. Nature and Purpose
46
To polish the financial skill and sustainability of businesses regarding the
entirety of the industry, specifically the business owners, and how to enhance it
effectively are the primary purposes of the proposed sustainability development
plan. Through this, many businesses could grow and give more importance to
their stability. Moreover, the overall sustainability development plan could be of
great help, in the present and then, to those people who are finding ways to
improve their financial skill and the sustainability of their business.
Proposed sustainability development plan to the sustainability of the Business
Sustainability Development Plan
Objectives
 The business is able to implement plans that will help it
stay in operation for a long time.
47
 The business is able to generate a steady stream of
revenue that allows it to continue operating in the long run.
 The business is able to sustain or boost its

operational operations, resulting in increased
long-term profitability.
Sustainability
1st Resources. It is critical to use your resources wisely in order to maintain a steady
supply of materials and manpower in a business..
2nd Review the establishment performance it’s essential to keep up with the current
state of the market, whether it's the organization's current situation or its social impact in
the industry.
3rd Policies. Ensure that the implemented polices within your company assist you in
your plan of sustainability.
4th Communication. This is critical for the business to grow; and department and
employee must have access to a communication line in order for the organization to
function properly; otherwise, confusion and miscommunication would reign.
48
5th Feedback. The owner must be aware of the state of both the company and the
employees; therefore, feedback is critical for the owner to understand the
establishment's shortcomings and strengthen the current situation.
6th Innovation. In order for a business to improve, it must be adaptable to societal

changes. Patterns change, and people's perspectives on a particular topic will shift. As a
result, businesses must be willing to try new ideas in order to remain viable.
Financial Skill
1st Your Strength and Weakness. When it comes to running a company, one
must evaluate oneself to determine one's strengths and weaknesses. You
must capitalize on your strengths and apply them to the business. You should
try to compensate for your shortcomings in the areas where you are weak.
2nd Training. It is always a good idea to continue your education in this field;
having the opportunity to apply your financial knowledge in your everyday life can
greatly benefit your business projects.
3rd Financial Behavior. It is essential for an owner to have a behavior or habits

49
that enables him/her to financially benefit the business such as wise spending or able
to judge what actions are beneficial to the company.
4th Awareness. As a business owner, you must be able to recognize financial

risks and devise a way to manage them.
5th Implementation of a budget within the company. Creating a

comprehensive budget for your company will greatly assist you in monitoring
your growth, revenue, expenses, and any business projects.
Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of the study, the findings, the conclusions
based on the findings of the researchers
The study aimed to assess the relationship between financial skills and
Specifically, the study wants to answer the following questions.
50
business?
Hypothesis
The researchers posted the hypothesis:
H 0 : There is no significant relationship between the owners’ financial skills
and the sustainability of the business
Descriptive type of research was used to describe the relationship
between the food business owners’ financial skills and the sustainability of their
business. The researchers administered questionnaires to 100 food business
owners within the vicinity of Taal, Lemery and Batangas. The statistical tools
utilized in this study were frequency, mean, percentage and Pearson-r Moment
of Correlation.
Findings of the Study
Based on the data collected, the following findings were obtained:
1. In the assessment of financial skill the highest frequency is "good" with 83
2. In the assessment of sustainability the highest frequency is "good" with 71
51
3. The assessment of the financial skill and sustainability of businesses
obtained a computed r-value of 0.724, verbally interpreted as having high
correlation. It has a p-value of 1.72E-17 which is less than 0.05 level of
significance that led to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Thus, the food
business owners' financial skill was significantly related to the
sustainability of their businesses.
4. The proposed sustainability development plan are anchored on the results
of the research wherein it focuses on enhancing the food business
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were produced.
1. The average level of the literacy skill of food business owners is 2.85
meaning that it is on the good level.
2. The average level of the businesses' sustainability is 2.97 meaning that it
is on the good level.
3. There is a significant relationship between the food business owners'
financial skill and the sustainability of their businesses.
4. The proposed sustainability development plan may help in improving the
Recommendation
52
After the conclusions have been drawn, the following recommendations
may be considered:
1. The business owners may use the results of the study to formulate more
ways in developing their financial skills and the sustainability of their
business.
2. The aspiring business owners may utilize the findings of the study to
educate themselves regarding the proper way to apply financial skills
Moreover; they may use this as a guide to run a business.
3. The devised sustainability development plan made by the researchers
may be used to give further ways to improve the financial skills, and
enhance the sustainability of businesses.
4. The future researchers may conduct similar study that will deeply explain
the findings of this research. Also, they may consider different factors that
affect one’s cognitive skills.
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59
Appendices
Appendix A
Survey Questionnaire
We, the Grade 12 students of Our Lady of Caysasay Academy under ABM
strand, are currently conducting a study entitled "FINANCIAL SKILL AND
SUSTAINABILITY OF SELECT FOOD BUSINESSES IN TAAL AND LEMERY”
as a requirement in Practical Research 2 subject. We kindly request your
cooperation in answering this questionnaire below. (Your input will help us create
guidelines for those existing Businesses to help them improved). The survey will
only take a little amount of your time; and we assure you that we will provide you
sufficient time and your answer will be in anonymity
Thank you for helping us out. Your response truly essential for the completion of
our research.
________________________________________________________________
Name (Optional):_____________________________ Sex:

_______
Grade and Section: __________________________
Direction. Put a check on the box corresponding to your answer.
1 – Poor 2 – Fair 3 – Good
4 - Excellent
60
For Financial Skill:
The business owner has the ability to… 1-Poor 2- 3- 4-Excellent

Fair Good
1.) Track earnings and make sure that
it goes to the expenditure of the
business.
2.) Decide according to financial

commitments.
3.) Make decisions in regards with

credit management
4.) Put resources to an investments
5.) Make effective decisions in a variety

of financial context
6.) Make financial decisions with

confidence
7.) Make informed decision regarding
debt management
8.) keep a good financial behavior
9.) Solve financial problems such as

debts.
10.) Budget financial resources.
11.) Manage financial resources
12.) Enhance the financial well-being.
13.) Improve budget plan.
14.) Manage emergency funds
15.) Limit bad spending behavior
16.) Put up an interest rates
17.) Make a passive or active income
18.) Grow financial awareness
19.) Avoid debts
20.) Calculate net worth
61
For Sustainability
The business owner has the ability to… 1-Poor 2- 3- 4-Excellent

Fair Good
1.) Make use of human and natural
resources to improve business.
2.) Respond over the long term

damage caused by a focus on short-
term profits
3.) Take into account of a variety of

variables that affects the business.
4.) Decide in terms of social impacts

that has a positive change and
addresses a pressing social challenge
5.). Encourage actions needed to

achieve specific goals.
6.) Meet the criteria required for

operational requirements.
7.) Make investments that would lead to

a higher profitability
8.) Develop strategies that promote

longevity of the business.
9.) Act on sustainability as standards of

corporate responsibility
10.) Frame decisions in terms of long-

term environmental
11.) Respond to short term financial

needs.
62
12.) Manage environmental demands
and concerns
13.) Decide in terms of human impact

that creates value adding initiative.
14.) Manage social demands and

concern
15.) Promote longevity of the business.
16.) Respond to public discontent
17.) Create long-term financial goals
18.) Maintain professional contact.
19.) Ensure ongoing success.
20.) Improve the quality of services
63
OUR LADY OF CAYSASAY ACADEMY
Integrated School
Taal, Batangas, Philippines 4208
February 8, 2021
Food Business Owners

Taal, Lemery and Batangas
Dear Sir/Miss:
The GRADE 12 students of Our Lady of Caysasay Academy under ABM strand,
are currently conducting a study entitled, “FINANCIAL SKILL AND
SUSTAINABILITY OF SELECT FOOD BUSINESSES IN TAAL, LEMERY and
BATANGAS” as a requirement in their Research in Daily Life 2 subject. In
connection with this, we are requesting your good office to permit the following
students to distribute their questionnaire among the Food businesses owners in
the Taal, Lemery and Batangas area.
I hope this request will merit your kind and favorable consideration. Rest assured
that the gathered data will be treated confidentially.
Thank you very much.
Respectfully yours,
Joko Baleros
Mark Aiven Villanueva
John Michael Pagkaliwagan
Noted:
MARGARITA M. PEREZ
Research 2 Teacher/
Senior High School Coordinator
64
APPENDIC C
Statistical Treatment
65
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
NAME: Joko B. Baleros
NICKNAME: Joko
AGE: 18
ADDRESS: Seira, Taal Batangas
SEX: Last year
CIVIL STATUS: Single
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino
RELIGION: Roman Catholic
BIRTHDATE: November 28, 2002
BIRTHPLACE: Roxas City
FATHER’S NAME: Rodolfo T. Baleros
MOTHER’S NAME: Ma.Khamela B. Baleros
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY : Our Lady of Mount Carmel S.Y 2014-2015
SECONDARY : Our Lady of Caysasay Academy S.Y. 2019-2020
SENIOR HIGH : Our Lady of Caysasay Academy S.Y. 2020-2021
66
PERSONAL DATA
NAME: John Michael C. Pagkaliwagan
NICKNAME: Jm, Mike & X
AGE: 17
ADDRESS: Ipil, Taal Batangas
SEX: Male
BIRTHDATE: March 29, 2003
BIRTHPLACE: Mulanay, Quezon
FATHER’S NAME: Michael B. Pagkaliwagan
MOTHER’S NAME: Lea C. Pagkaliwagan
ELEMENTARY : Our Lady of Caysasay Academy S.Y. 2014-2015
SECONDARY : Our Lady of Caysasay Academy S.Y.2019-2020
67
PERSONAL DATA
NAME: Mark Aiven H. Villanueva
NICKNAME: Pedophile
AGE: 18
ADDRESS: Taal Batangas
SEX: Male
BIRTHDATE: August4, 2002
BIRTHPLACE: Lemery, Batangas
FATHER’S NAME: Marvin L. Villanueva
MOTHER’S NAME: Aimee H. Villanueva
ELEMENTARY : Our Lady of Caysasay Academy S.Y. 2014-2015
SECONDARY : Our Lady of Caysasay Academy S.Y. 2019-2020
68

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FINANCIAL SKILL AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SELECT FOOD BUSINESSES

IN TAAL, LEMERY AND BATANGAS

The Faculty of Senior High Department

Our Lady of Caysasay Academy

In the requirements for Practical Research 1

Pagkaliwagan, John Michael .

Villanueva, Mark Aiven H.

Chapter I: The Research Problem……………………………………………………

Paradigm of the Study………………………………………………………….

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………...

Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation of the Study…………………………

Significance of the Study………………………………………………………

Synthesis of Related Literature………………………………………………

Synthesis of Related Studies…………………………………………………

Chapter III: Research Methodology………………………………………………….

Respondents of the Study……………………………………………………..

Data Gathering Instrument…………………………………………………….

Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………..

Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………………………….

Chapter IV: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data………………

Chapter V: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations…………………...

The research paper entitled “FINANCIAL SKILL AND SUSTAINABILITY OF

SELECT FOOD BUSINESSES IN TAAL, LEMERY AND BATANGAS”

Prepared and submitted by Joko B. Baleros, Mark Aiven H. Villanueva and

John Michael C. Pagkaliwagan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for their

Ms. Margarita M. Perez

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ______.

Mr. Jhay-Are Galit

Approved and accepted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Ms. Yolanda Adalin

provided them the possibility to complete this study.

researchers make this study to become possible.

To the researchers’ friends and classmates who showed support and

To our dearest parents, who supports us financially and gave us the

complete and finish the task

strengthens and helps us to get up again whenever we fall. No matter what

I'd like to express my heartfelt appreciation to everyone who helped make

First and foremost, I want to express my gratitude to my family for providing

To my colleagues with whom I will share the publication of this research

Ms. Margerita M. Perez, my research paper mentor, assisted the writing of

I'd like to express my heartfelt appreciation to everyone who helped make

this study possible.

First and foremost, I want to express my gratitude to my family for

providing me with daily motivation, guidance, encouragement, and financial

To my colleagues with whom I will share the publication of this research

Ms. Margerita M. Perez, my research paper mentor, assisted the writing of

and patient support.

and gave us their full support and sincere congratulations.

Mark Aiven Villanueva

I'd like to express my heartfelt appreciation to everyone who helped make

this study possible.

First and foremost, I want to express my gratitude to my family for

providing me with daily motivation, guidance, encouragement, and financial

To my colleagues with whom I will share the publication of this research

Ms. Margerita M. Perez, my research paper mentor, assisted the writing of

and patient support.

and gave us their full support and sincere congratulations.