Angol nyelv Azonosító

emelt szint jel:

Task 1
• Read this article about farmers in the UK and then
read the gapped sentences.
• Your task is to fill the gaps (1-8) with one word only
based on what the article says.
• Write your answers on the dotted lines.
• An example (0) has been given for you.

UK FARMERS STRUGGLE TO HIRE OVERSEAS WORKERS FOR HARVEST

It is getting harder for Angela Wheatley to recruit the roughly 1,500 seasonal workers needed
each year to harvest lettuce, radishes and onions on the extensive Eden farm in the south of
England.
“In previous years, when we would recruit in Bulgaria and Romania, we would invite 300
people to an event and 600 would turn up,” said the human resources director for one of
Britain’s largest growers of vegetables. “Now we invite 600 people and 100 turn up, and those
applying are less educated with lower levels of English.” Like all UK growers, Eden relies
largely on workers from Eastern Europe to bring in the harvest from April to November.
Attracting the 60,000 to 70,000 seasonal workers needed across Britain each year has been a
struggle since the 2016 Brexit referendum, forcing farm businesses to increase wages and spend
more to recruit and retain people.
The UK competes for farm workers with countries such as Germany, Spain and the
Netherlands, and the fall in the value of the pound means that they risk earning less if they come
to Britain. Recruitment agencies say few British workers want temporary jobs that require long
hours in difficult conditions. The jobs typically pay workers the national minimum wage of
£8.21 an hour plus performance-related bonuses, for example by the kilo of fruit or vegetables
picked.
In 2018 58 per cent of growers surveyed by the National Farmers Union reported not being
able to secure all the seasonal workers they needed. In contrast, the figure stood at 25 per cent
before the Brexit referendum. 48 per cent of farmers also reported crops going unharvested as
a result of labour shortages.
A new two-year pilot scheme gives visas to 2,500 seasonal workers from outside the EU to
work on British farms, but the government has not yet decided whether to make it permanent.
Farming organisations have urged that the visa programme for non-EU workers be greatly
expanded, pointing out that Germany already has a similar scheme.

2119 írásbeli vizsga, I. vizsgarész 4 / 12 2021. október 21.

Angol nyelv Azonosító
emelt szint jel:

0) UK farms rely on workers from outside the UK at _______ time.

1) There is a serious _______ of foreign applicants at present.
2) Angela Wheatley is the HR director of _______.
3) Job applicants’ knowledge of _______ used to be better.
4) Before 2016 it cost _______ to employ seasonal workers.
5) Because of a weaker _______ it may be more profitable to do farm work on the
Continent.
6) Few British people are attracted by the _______ conditions or the pay.
7) Roughly one out of _______ farmers say they are unable to bring in all their harvest
because they don’t have enough workers.
8) Whether the pilot visa programme will become _______ depends on the government.

0) ……………………. harvest ……………………..

0)

1) ……………………………………………………
1)

2) …………………………………………………… 2)

3) …………………………………………………… 3)

4) …………………………………………………… 4)

5)
5) ……………………………………………………

6)
6) ……………………………………………………
7)
7) ……………………………………………………
8)
8) ……………………………………………………

8 pont

2119 írásbeli vizsga, I. vizsgarész 5 / 12 2021. október 21.

Angol nyelv Azonosító
emelt szint jel:

Task 2
• Read this article about French ways of speaking and
then read the statements (9-15) following it.
• Your task is to decide if the statements are true or not.
• Mark a statement A if it is true according to the article
• Mark it B if it is false according to the article.
• Mark it C if there is not enough information in the
text to decide if the sentence is true or not.
• An example has been given for you.
A = TRUE B = FALSE C = THE TEXT DOES NOT SAY

WHY THE FRENCH LOVE TO SAY NO

“Non, ce n’est pas possible. I keep telling you, it can’t be done,” the airline booking agent
insisted. We’d been on the phone for 20 minutes as I tried to exchange a full-fare, exchangeable
plane ticket. Sitting calmly at home, my eyes took in the beauty of my Parisian apartment. Over
the last 18 years, I’d learned to see the beauty that surrounded me as compensation for living in
a society where the default answer to almost every question, request or suggestion is a
disheartening ‘non’ (no).
A conversation with French friends and family about their use of ‘non’ and why it seems to
be the national default reads like the script for a Gérard Depardieu comedy. “No, it’s not true,
we don’t always say ‘no’ first,” retorted the 60-something businessman. “No, you’re right, even
when we agree, we start with no,” reacted the lawyer. “Hunh, no… I don’t know why…”
pondered the young artist.
Olivier Giraud, a French comedian explains this reflex by saying, “We must not forget that
the French are a people of protest, and a protest always starts with a ‘non’.” Indeed, the French
have been protesting more or less non-stop since the citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille prison
in 1789. Authors Julie Barlow and Jean-Benoît Nadeau agree, “The French Revolution was
about the irrevocable right of all citizens to refuse.”
Yet ‘non’ in France does not always mean ‘no’. “Contrary to popular opinion, the French do
listen, and well, but this usually happens after they say no a couple of times. It takes a certain
amount of faith, and sometimes a lot of talking, but you can almost always find the yes hiding
behind a French no, if it’s there,” write Barlow and Nadeau.
Hoping to get to this hidden yes, I re-explained my need for a flight that night. The booking
agent replied that the airline required one day’s notice to exchange tickets. I asked if that was
24 hours or one calendar day. Since that was not a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ question, she was able to tell
me it was a calendar day. “When is the very first flight the next day?” I enquired. It was five
minutes after midnight – exactly 35 minutes after the flight I had been trying to book for my
trip. At last, I had my yes.

2119 írásbeli vizsga, I. vizsgarész 6 / 12 2021. október 21.

Angol nyelv Azonosító
emelt szint jel:

0) The travel agent refused the author’s request several times. 0) A

9) The author wanted a refund for his plane ticket. 9)

10) For the author the beauty of his Paris home makes up for how 10)
discouragingly negative French people sound.

11) In the “Gérard Depardieu comedy”, none of the three speakers 11)
agreed with the author.

12) Julie Barlow and Jean-Benoît Nadeau are the authors of a book 12)
about the French Revolution.

13) The French are generally regarded as good listeners. 13)

14) Foreigners who speak French are more likely to get what they 14)
want.

15) The author managed to get the information he needed when he 15)
asked the right question.

7 pont

2119 írásbeli vizsga, I. vizsgarész 7 / 12 2021. október 21.

Angol nyelv Azonosító
emelt szint jel:

Task 3
• In this article about a Dutch home some sentences
have been left out.
• Your task is to reconstruct the text by filling in the
gaps from the list.
• Write the letters (A-M) in the white boxes next to the
numbers (16-23) as in the example (0).
• There are three extra sentences you will not need.

CLUB 18-108

Sores Duman is a normal 29-year-old. (0) ______________ Later in the week he will see an
action movie with his mate Piebe. (16) ______________ It might take more time than usual for
his friends to get ready for these activities. Piebe is 79 and Martey a sprightly 94.
(17) ______________ “No, I do similar things with friends my own age. I don’t see the
difference in age as an obstacle.”
Mr Duman lives at the Humanitas care home in Deventer, in central Holland. His
housemates’ average age is over 85. (18) ______________ They are part of a scheme started in
2012 that provides them with free housing in exchange for 30 hours per month of their time
living as a “good neighbour”. (19) ______________
Both parties appear to benefit from the programme. (20) ______________ He claims that
living in a care home has not affected his university experience, and in a promotional video one
resident calls the initiative very cosy. The home now has a waiting list, which it previously did
not. And students are queuing up. (21) ______________
Such initiatives could help combat loneliness, an increasing problem across the rich world.
(22) ______________ Loneliness is reckoned to have serious health consequences, and the
problem may only get worse. It can be an especially painful experience for someone who is
also socially isolated. (23) ______________ Creating a space for the elderly to mingle with
youngsters can lift spirits – and help cash-strapped millennials.

2119 írásbeli vizsga, I. vizsgarész 8 / 12 2021. október 21.

Angol nyelv Azonosító
emelt szint jel:

A) Mr Duman estimates that he has saved over €10,000 in rent. 0) C

B) A Dutch care home experiments with housing students with the old.
16)
C) He goes to the cinema, follows the Champion League attentively,
parties occasionally and talks about life and love with his friends.

D) Only one activity is compulsory: preparing and serving a meal on 17)

weekday evenings.

E) He has been there for three years, along with five other students from
18)
nearby universities and around 150 elderly residents.

F) Before that, he may go to McDonald’s with Martey, another chum.

19)
G) Social isolation is becoming more common partly because people
are marrying later.

20)
H) When two left the home in April, 27 applied to replace them.

I) Is Humanitas the first institution where old and young people live
together? 21)

K) The very old, migrants, the sick or disabled, and singletons are most
at risk of feeling lonely.
22)

L) A team from Finland visited Deventer and was inspired to start a

similar scheme.
23)
M) Does Sores think his weekend plans are odd?

8 pont

2119 írásbeli vizsga, I. vizsgarész 9 / 12 2021. október 21.

Angol nyelv Azonosító
emelt szint jel:

Task 4

• Read this article about some special computer

programmes called chatbots and then read the half
sentences following it.
• Your task is to match the half sentences based on
what the article says.
• Write the letters (A-L) in the white boxes next to the
numbers (24-30) as in the example (0).
• There are three more letters than you need.

CAN A COMPUTER FOOL YOU INTO THINKING IT IS HUMAN?

Robert Epstein was looking for love. As he recounted in the journal Scientific American Mind,
he began a promising email exchange with a pretty, warm and friendly girl in Russia. Soon she
confessed she was developing a crush on him. "I have very special feelings about you, a
beautiful flower blossoming in my soul..."
It took a long while for Epstein to notice that Ivana never really responded directly to his
questions. Suspicious, he eventually sent her a line of pure bang-on-the-keyboard gibberish.
She responded by repeating sweet nothings about how much she liked him. At last, Epstein
realised the truth: Ivana was a chatbot.
What makes the story surprising is not that a chatbot managed to trick a lonely middle-aged
man. It is that the man who was tricked was one of the founders of a test of artificial
conversation in which computers try to fool humans into thinking that they, too, are human. In
other words, one of the world's top chatbot experts had spent two months writing love letters to
a computer programme.
One of the first and most famous early chatbots, Eliza, would successfully imitate a human
psychotherapist. It was programmed in the mid-1960s by Joseph Weizenbaum. If you typed,
"my husband made me come here", Eliza might simply reply, "your husband made you come
here." If you mentioned feeling angry, Eliza might ask, "do you think coming here will help
you not to feel angry?" People did not care that Eliza was not human: they seemed pleased that
someone would listen to them without judgement. Weizenbaum's secretary famously asked him
to leave the room so that she could talk to Eliza in private.
Psychotherapists were fascinated. A contemporary article in a medical journal said that
"several hundred patients an hour could be handled by a computer system." Supervising an
army of bots, the human therapist would be far more efficient. And indeed, some therapies are
now administered by chatbots, such as Woebot. There is no pretence that they are human.
Chatbots are now widely used in call centres, handling a growing number of complaints and
enquiries. Babylon Health is a chatbot that quizzes people about their medical symptoms and
decides whether they should be referred to a doctor.
Economists today argue that automation reshapes jobs rather than destroying them.
Computers take over the routine tasks and humans supply the creativity and adaptability.

2119 írásbeli vizsga, I. vizsgarész 10 / 12 2021. október 21.

Angol nyelv Azonosító
emelt szint jel:

0) Robert Epstein’s article A) a first-class expert. 0) C

appeared

24) At first, Ivana’s letters had B) becoming more and more 24)
looked common.

25) After a while Epstein realised C) in Scientific American 25)

that he was Mind.
26)
26) Epstein had been fooled even D) a great help.
though he was

27) People were happy to “talk” to E) a human being. 27)

28) Some therapists consider F) mechanical.

28)
chatbots

29) Chatbots are now G) essential. 29)

30) Human creativity will always H) Eliza. 30)

be

I) genuine.

K) consulting a psychologist.

L) corresponding with a
computer.

7 pont
This is the end of this part of the exam.

2119 írásbeli vizsga, I. vizsgarész 11 / 12 2021. október 21.