SCHEMATIC/WIRING DIAGRAM:

A wiring diagram is a generalized pictorial representation of an electrical circuit.There are two

types of contacts.
 NO (Normally Open):

 NC (Normally Close)

For CB Closing:
1. Spring Charged
2. Breaker in Open position
3. Anti Pumping
For CB opening
1. Breaker in close position
2. Pre close and post close contacts availability
Pole discrepancy: to protect from unbalance due to tripping in 1 or 2 phases.

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

 DEGREE OF PROTECTION: (Ex: IP54)
IP stands for Ingress Protection. Next to IP there are two numbers, the so-called IP Code.
 The first digit stands for protection from solid objects or materials.
 The second digit provides information about protection against moisture or liquid.

TESTS ON TRANSFORMERS
1) TYPE TEST
Type tests are done on a prototype of a particular design. Subsequently, other
transformers are manufactured in line with the design of the prototype, by extension
will confirm or inherit the results of the type tests conducted on the prototype.

Ex: vector group tests, temperature rise tests, vacuum tests on tanks etc

2) ROUTINE TEST
Tests that are carried out on every transformer manufactured. They are done to verify if
components/system meets specifications in terms of performance.

Ex: open circuit test, short circuit tests, oil pressure test etc

Basic Insulation Level Voltage (BIL):

 When lightning impulse over voltage appears in the system, it is discharged through
surge protecting devices before the equipments of the system gets damaged.
 Hence, the insulation of such equipment must be designed to withstand a certain
minimum voltage before the lightning impulse over voltage gets discharged through
surge protecting devices.
 Therefore, operating voltage level of surge protecting devices must be lower than the
said minimum voltage withstanding level of the equipment. This minimum voltage
rating is defined as BIL or basic insulation level of electrical equipment.

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

 Lighting- IEEE 998
 An automatic transfer switch (ATS) is a device that automatically transfers a power
supply from its primary source to a backup source when it senses a failure or outage in
the primary source.

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use