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AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
By
Yohana Maria Vianey
Student Number: 174214143
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
By
Yohana Maria Vianey
Student Number: 174214143
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
By
Yohana Maria Vianey
Student Number: 174214143
Approved by
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
By
Yohana Maria Vianey
Student Number: 174214143
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
NAME SIGNATURE
Chairperson : Anna Fitriati, S.Pd, M.Hum
Secretary : Anindita Dewangga Puri, S.S., M.A
Member 1 : Dr. B. Ria Lestari, M.Sc.
Member 2 : Anna Fitriati, S.Pd, M.Hum
Member 3 : Anindita Dewangga Puri, S.S., M.A
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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been
previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that,
to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contain no material
previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the
text of the undergraduate thesis.
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Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma
Nama : Yohana Maria Vianey
Nomor Mahasiswa :174214143
beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan,
mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pengkalan
data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau
media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya
maupun royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai
penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya,
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Pada tanggal 12 Juli 2021
Yang menyatakan,
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-MARK LEE-
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank Jesus Christ because only His grace and
blessing, I could finish this undergraduate thesis. I also would like to give my
deepest thanks to my thesis advisor Anna Fitriati, S.Pd, M.Hum, who had
patiently guided, supported, and gave me advice during the process of working on
this undergraduate thesis. I also would like to thank to Anindita Dewangga Puri,
S.S., M.A. as my co-advisor for the time, guidance, suggestion, motivation, and
correction.
and Elisabeth Nurindah, and also my brother Giovanni Battista, who had always
thank all the lecturers and staff of Universitas Sanata Dharma for all the good
and Ribut Squad. Thank you for all your supports, memories, and lessons that we
have made. Especially I would like to thank my best friends, Angeline, Wulan,
and Hubung. Thank you so much for always having my back and keeping up with
me and my life.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 19
A. Object of the Study..................................................................................... 19
B. Approach of the Study ............................................................................... 20
C. Method of the Study ................................................................................... 20
1. Data Collection........................................................................................... 21
2. Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER IV ....................................................................................................... 24
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION....................................................... 24
A. The use of Derivational Affixes Found in the Song Lyrics from Simple
Plan Album Taking One for the Team .............................................................. 25
1. Prefix .......................................................................................................... 26
2. Suffix .......................................................................................................... 29
B. The Meaning of Derivational Affix Found in Song Lyrics Simple Plan‟s
Album Taking One for the Team ...................................................................... 38
4. Prefix {in-} ................................................................................................. 40
5. Suffix {-ly} ................................................................................................ 41
6. Suffix {-ful} ............................................................................................... 41
7. Suffix {-ize} ............................................................................................... 41
8. Suffix {-er} ................................................................................................ 42
9. Suffix {-able} ............................................................................................. 42
10. Suffix {-al} ................................................................................................. 43
11. Suffix {-less}.............................................................................................. 44
12. Suffix {-ness} ............................................................................................. 44
13. Suffix {-y} .................................................................................................. 45
14. Suffix {-ity} ............................................................................................... 45
15. Suffix {-ic}................................................................................................. 46
CHAPTER V......................................................................................................... 47
CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................... 47
REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 49
APPENDICES ...................................................................................................... 51
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LIST OF TABLES
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Tree Diagram ......................................................................................... 23
Figure 2. The structure of the word disappear ...................................................... 27
Figure 3. The structure of the word unsaid ........................................................... 28
Figure 4. The structure of the word asleep............................................................ 29
Figure 5. The structure of the word personality .................................................... 30
Figure 6. The structure of the word shorty ............................................................ 31
Figure 7. The structure of the word happiness ...................................................... 32
Figure 8. The structure of the word apologize ...................................................... 32
Figure 9. The structure of the word unbreakable .................................................. 33
Figure 10. The structure of the word typical ......................................................... 34
Figure 11. The structure of the word beautiful ..................................................... 35
Figure 12. The structure of the word pointless ..................................................... 35
Figure 13. The structure of the word crazy ........................................................... 36
Figure 14. The structure of the word nostalgic ..................................................... 37
Figure 15. The structure of the word perfectly ...................................................... 38
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ABSTRACT
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ABSTRAK
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Language holds such a very significant role in our daily life. We believe
that language is the greatest invention of all time. Language is one of the aspects
which define our identities. People often use words or features of a dialect to
understand each other. There are two types of language that we need to cope with,
oral and written. In this research, the researcher examines words that are in the
song lyrics.
words more deeply, including the structures or how the words are formed, and
2000:82). There are two morphemes; the first one is a free morpheme, which can
stand as a single word. The second one is bound morpheme which cannot stand
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categorized as free morphemes. Later, the bound morphemes are known as affixes.
used to be analyzed since in the song lyrics, some words attached with affixes.
The lyrics of the song are also a build-up of these grammatical morphemes. The
composer shares the experience through the song in the form of written words
such as lyrics and spoken words such as sound. We can find a lot of morphemes
In this study, the researcher uses song lyrics since song lyrics were written
to describe and give information and the deep feeling in the lyrics for each song.
Cited from Puti (2018), she defines, “sometimes a structure or sentence pattern
can be fixed in the learner's mind through a song”. Songs are useful in terms of
introducing new words, practicing familiar words, and teaching multi-word units.
A song can be a helpful medium to learn English in a fun way, as it will be much
reading the lyrics enable people to increase and enrich their vocabularies.
Hence, the researcher uses the lyric of songs on Simple Plan‟s Album
Taking One for The Team. The aim of this study is to figure out the process and
the meaning of affixation attached in the word of song lyrics. By reading this
study, the researcher hopes readers or listeners understand the words that are in
processes, the types of affixes and the meanings that the words denote after they
are formed. This analysis pays attention to forming the words found in the song
lyrics, the types of derivational affixes, and the meaning of words after being
created.
The researcher chooses Simple Plan since the songs talk about love and
the life of teenagers. On the other hand, the researcher found many derivational
B. Problem Formulation
follows:
1. What are the types and the process of derivational affixes found in the
2. What are the meanings of the derivational affixes found in the songs of
In this part, the researcher has two problems that should be explained
according to the problem formulations. First, the researcher finds out what
derivational affixes were found in the songs of Simple Plan‟s Album Taking One
for The Team. This explanation signifies the types of derivational affixes and the
The second problem is the researcher tries to figure out the meaning of
derivational affixes found in the songs of Simple Plan‟s Album Taking One for
The Team. It explains the meaning of the root of a word after it is attached with
derivational affixes.
D. Definition of Terms
study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed
maybe a smaller unit (Brinton, 2010, p. 82). There are two kinds of morphemes:
some other morpheme such as root (Katamba & Stonham, 2006). Obviously, by
Aronoff, & Rees-Miller (2017), “Derivational affix is an affix that uses to build a
word with a meaning and/or category distinct from that its base”. When the
morphemes are attached to the base of the word, it will create a new meaning and
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
review of related theories, and theoretical framework. The first part is a review of
related studies taken from three journal articles and an undergraduate thesis. The
second part is a review of related theories that shows how the theories will answer
the problem. The last part is a theoretical framework that presents the role of
In this part, the researcher reviewed four related studies that were related
to morphology. The first related study was taken from a journal article written by
Aprianti and Parmawanti (2020). They examined the derivational and inflectional
morpheme analysis in the song lyrics of Lady Gaga A Star is Born Album. They
used morphology as the approach in analyzing data since the researchers analyzed
the morpheme. The selected song was Shallow and Always Remember Us This
Parmawati found many affixes attached to the data. Then affixes were divided
into two types, prefix, and suffix. Suffixes include {–s}, {-es}, {-r}, {-ing}, {-ed},
The following related study was taken from a journal article written by
Endang (2014). In her study, she analyzed the derivational and inflectional
morphemes in the song lyrics by Adele. Her research found 14 data belonging to
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The third related study was taken from undergraduate thesis conducted by
derivational affixes and figured out the function of each derivational affixes on
song lyrics. The result of her study showed two types of affix that found in Justin
Bieber‟s album, suffix and prefix. From the analysis, she found several types of
suffix as follows:{-ty}, {-ness}, {-ion}, {-ful}, {-er}, {-y}, {-ve}, {-ive}, {-al}, {-
ent}, {-ary}, {-ence}, and {-ly}. Besides, several prefixes that are found {re-},
{in-}, {pro-}, {com-}, {un-}, {im-}, and {dis-}. She also explained the function
The fourth related study was taken from a journal article written by
Eunawati and Alawiyah (2018). They have analyzed the affixation in the Script
song lyrics “Hall of Fame”. Their research described the phase of affixation by
describing the impact of affixation into the structure of the sentences. Besides,
they also described the change of context meaning that is caused by affixation in
The Script song lyrics. Their study showed that affixation happened in two
different conditions depending on the kinds of affixes that are combined with the
free morpheme. First, an inflectional affix occurs when an affix joins with a free
derivational affix occurs when an affix joins with a free morpheme. Different
In this present research, the researcher took a different focus from the
other hand, the researcher who developed this research was not only analyze the
meaning but also analyzed the types and the process of affixation. The similarity
between the previous researches and this research was the object, which is song
lyrics.
the derivational affixes attached to the song lyrics. Meanwhile, to figured out the
In analyzing the data, the researcher uses some theories in elaborating the
data. The theories used are taken from some books and journals.
1. Morphology
For every word we have learned, we intuitively know something about its
internal structure. For example, our intuition tells us that the word tree can not be
broken down into any meaningful parts. However, the word trees is derived from
two parts; the word tree and the suffix {-s}. The suffix {-s} makes the word trees
words and the interrelationships among words (Akmajian, Demers, & Harnish,
2017). While according to Fromklin, et al. (2009), morphology is the study of the
internal structure of words and the rules by which they are formed. It means
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and „morpheme‟.
From the definition above, the researcher concludes that morphology is the
the characteristics of the words and how to create a new word in a language.
2. Morpheme
The word morpheme is derived from the Greek word morphe, meaning
„form‟ (Fromkin et al., 2009, p. 81). According to Brinton and Brinton (2010) a
morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the language (p.82). For example,
the words happy, sad, think, drink, beauty, tall, pink, and blue are morphemes.
The words playing, beautiful, desks, suffixes, hunters, manly, and gentleman are
In English, a morpheme is divided into two categories; they are free and
word weak. While a bound morpheme is a morpheme that cannot stand alone. It
has to be attached with another morpheme, such as {-able}, {-es}, {anti-}, and
been combined with some other words which are categorized as free morphemes.
Based on the function, bound morpheme can be divide into two categories;
Miller (2017), “A derivational uses an affix to build a word with a meaning and/or
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
category distinct from that its base”. When the morphemes are attached to the
base of the word, it will create a new meaning and new category for the word. For
example, the addition of {-er} to teach teacher means „a person who teaches‟
and the addition of {-ing} to teach teaching means „the work of the teacher‟.
change the syntactic category of the word to which they are attached. In other
about them already. As an example, the suffix {-ed} in a word baked signals that
Derivational
Bound
Morpheme Inflectional
Free
3. Affixes
Affixes are morphemes that appear when they are attached to another
words are created by using affixation. Affixation is the most common process to
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form new words. In English, there are three main types of affixations; they are
a. Prefix
Prefix is an affix attached before a root, such as {un-}, {pre-}, {bi-}, {di-},
{multi-}, etc. For example, is the word unhappy. The word unhappy has an
affixation from prefix {un-} + happy unhappy. Another example is word bisex.
The word bisex come from prefix {bi-} + sex bisex. By attaching suffix {un-}
or suffix {bi-} before the base of words, the meaning will change and create a new
world.
b. Infix
Infix is an affix inserted into the root itself. Infixes are very common in
Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew; however, infixing is very rare in
speaking as a slang word that is not used in a polite situation. For example, infix
sarcasm or enthusiasm.
c. Suffix
ness}, {-ship}, {-ment} etc. For example, the word driver that comes from the
root word drive + {-er} driver. By attaching suffix {-er} after the base of
words, the meaning will change and create a new world. In English, suffixes are
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4. Derivational Prefix
change the part of speech of the root. In other words, it can change the meanings
and creates a new word from the root. That is why the derivational prefix does not
usually change the word class of the root. Below are examples of the derivational
prefixes in English.
a. Prefix {un-}
There are two kinds of prefix {un-} in English. The first one is attached to
adjectives to form new adjectives, and the second one is attached to verbs to form
new verbs. Both of this kinds do not change the part of speech, however it
changes the meaning of the word that attached with this suffix. The meaning of
Hornby (1986), this prefix has a meaning „to do the opposite of‟.
b. Prefix {in-}
The prefix {in-} is the most attached to adjectives. The meaning of this
prefix is „not‟. The uniqueness of prefix {in-} is when the prefix is attached to the
bases with bilabial phonemes in the initial position. The prefix will change into
to the bases with liquid phonemes in the initial position. The prefix will be
pronounced like the phone of the liquid phonemes which follow it. For example,
the word illegal. The word illegal comes from the prefix {in-} + legal illegal.
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On the other hand, the prefix {in-} can also attach with nouns to form new
nouns. The meaning of this prefix is „lack of‟ or „the state of‟.
c. Prefix {dis-}
The prefix {dis-} can be attached to verbs to form new verbs, attached to
nouns to form new nouns, and adjectives to form new adjectives. This prefix has
several meanings, but its basic meaning is „not‟. Bauer (1983) states that prefix
{dis-} attached to verbs are more productive than attached to nouns and
adjectives.
d. Prefix {a-}
adjectives to form new adjectives. This prefix has several meanings, but its basic
meaning is „not‟.
5. Derivational Suffixes
meaning when been added to a base word. It derives new words by either
changing the meaning or the part of speech or both. There are four kinds of
suffixes in English.
a. Nominalizer
This function of suffixes are to convert verbs and adjectives into nouns.
This function can also be applied to words that contain nouns. A suffix that
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i. Suffix {-er}
Suffix {-er} which attached to the verb will change the verbs to a noun.
This suffix creates a new meaning „a person who performs an action‟. The
example is sing {verb} + {-er} singer. Suffix {-er} attached to the word sing
Suffix {-ness} which attached to the adjectives will change the adjectives
into nouns. Suffix {-ness} has a meaning „to expressing a state or a condition, for
b. Adjectivalizer
The function of suffixes are convert nouns and verbs into adjectives. This
function can also be applied to words that contain adjectives. The suffix that
i. Suffix {-able}
Suffix {-able} can be attached to verbs and nouns to form adjectives. This
suffix has the meaning as „capable of being‟. The example of suffix {-able} is
word readable. It comes from word read (verb) + {-able} readable (adjective).
Suffix {-able} that is attached to the word read has the meaning „can be read‟.
of suffix {-ful} is „notable for‟. The example of suffix {-ful} in a word painful. It
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comes from word pain (noun) + {-ful} painful (adjective). Hence, the word
adjectives. This suffix has a meaning as „without‟. The examples of suffix {-less}
(adjective). In the word powerless, suffix {-less} gives the meaning „without
power‟, while in the word homeless, the suffix gives the meaning „without a
home‟.
adjectives. This suffix has a meaning as „of or pertaining to‟. For example, when
“pertaining to nostalgia‟.
c. Verbalizer
adjectives and nouns into verbs. Suffixes that categorize verbalizer are:
i. Suffix {-ize}
Suffix {-ize} usually attached to base nouns and adjectives and change the
base into verbs. The meaning of this suffix is „become‟. For example, the word
realize. It comes from a word real (adjective) + {-ize) realize (verb). Suffix {-
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adjectives into verbs. This suffix has a meaning as „make‟, for examples specific
d. Adverbializer
This function this suffix converts a word as an adjective, noun, and verb.
Suffix {-ly}
adverbs. This suffix has a meaning as „in a manner denoted by‟, for example, slow
6. Semantics
studying the meaning, we will understand the meaning of words, phrases, and
sentences that speaker said or wrote. In order to understand the meaning that of
John Lyons (1995) states that there are two kinds of meaning: lexical and
the grammatical meaning is “part of lexical meaning which derives from their
being member of one category rather than to another” (Lyons, 1995, p. 73). For
example, the words boy and boys have the same lexical, but they have different
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grammatical meanings. The word boy has a singular grammatical meaning, while
In this study, learning the meaning of the suffix is necessary since the
suffix can change the meaning after they are attached to the root word. By
knowing the meaning, we will know what the message that will be delivered is.
As an example, the word disappear in the song lyric “Suddenly all my problems
disappear on cue” (Singing in The Rain, line 23). The word disappear has a
disappear means “not exist”. As a result, when the verb disappears put on the
whole sentence, it becomes “Suddenly all my problems are not existing on cue.”
C. Theoretical Framework
Morphology is the main theory used to analyze the research where morphology
correlates with the affixation process that contains the suffix. In addition, the
There are two research questions in this research. The first problem is
finding out the derivational affix found in the lyric of Simple Plan‟s Album
Taking One for The Team. The second problem is to analyze the meaning of
derivational affixes in the songs of Simple Plan‟s Album Taking One for The
Team. To analyze the first problem, the researcher uses the theory of morphology
and affixation. The theory of morphology helps the researcher to understand the
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identify the affixation process when the affix are attached to the words.
found in the songs of Simple Plan‟s album Taking One for The Team. In this
problem, the researcher used the theory of semantics. The use of the theory of
semantics helps the researcher to figure out the meaning of each suffix that attach
to the words.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into three sections; object of the study, approach of
the study, and method of the study. The first part is object of the study. In this part,
the researcher describes the object of the study. The second part is approach of the
study that shows the approach which the researcher used. The last part is method
of the study which will be divided into two parts; data collection and data analysis.
derivational affixes. The researcher used all songs in Simple Plan‟s Album Taking
One for The Team as the object of the research. Album Taking One for The Team
is a fifth Simple Plan‟s album that had released on February 19th, 2016. This
album was produced by Howard Benson and there are sixteen songs in the album.
Child”, “I Dream About You”, “I Don‟t Wanna Be Sad”, “Summer Paradise”, and
“I‟d Do Anything”.
affixes.. The researcher collects all the words that contain with derivational affixes
processes. The researcher also used the Oxford Dictionary to help find out the root
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words. On the other hand, the dictionary's use also helps the researcher find out
the part of speech of the words before receiving with derivational affixes.
In this research, the researcher uses morphology to analyze the data since
the data of this research is words, the smallest unit that carries a meaning.
Morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies the internal structure of words
approach is used to answer the first problem. In order to answer the second
problem is analyzing the meaning of derivational affixes, the researcher using the
people or gatherings credit to a social or human issue. Tirangga (2014) stated that
the research based on the fact or reality”. The data which the researcher used is
taken from Simple Plan‟s album Taking One for the Team. This part is divided
into two parts. The first was data collection. In this part, the researcher described
the process of collecting data. The second was data analysis. In this part, the
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1. Data Collection
The researcher's data was a song lyric from Simple Plan‟s Album Taking
One for the Team. The researcher used qualitative method to collect all the words
attached by derivational affixes in the song lyrics. The researcher also used a
group of individuals who have the same characteristics”. The researcher used
population strategy since the data that the researcher collected were all words that
There are some steps to collect the data. First, the researcher read the lyrics
of song from Simple Plan‟s album Taking One for The Team. The researcher
found the lyrics from the website songlyrics.com. The researcher chose the
website, songlyrics.com, because the website shows the lyric completely. After
that, the researcher collected the words that contain derivational affixes. The
results of the analysis showed that there are thirty-six words were attached with
the derivational affixes. There are nine words attached with derivational prefixes,
and twenty-seven words attached with derivational suffix. Since the researcher
found some words occurred repeatedly, the researcher counted those words as one
word. After it reduced some words that occurred repeatedly, the researcher found
derivational prefixes.
2. Data Analysis
There are some steps to analyze the data. First, the researcher collected the
words that contain derivational affixes found in the song lyrics, then the
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derivational affixes attached in the song lyrics based on prefix and suffix. The
researcher also identified the etymologies of the words using Online Etymology
Dictionary. The researcher used a table to display the derivational affixes found in
the song lyrics. The use of a table made the analysis become more systematic and
easier to be understood.
to the song lyrics. In this step, the researcher used a tree diagram.
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Verb
{dis-} verb
appear
The last step to do was exploring the meanings resulted from the
derivational affixes in the lyrics. In this step, the researcher categorized the
meaning of the roots before and after receiving the derivational affix.
CHAPTER IV
chapter is divided into two parts. The first part answers and discusses the
derivational affixes found in the song lyrics of Simple Plan‟s Album Taking One
for The Team. The following part will be the discussion of the derivational affixes
There are 36 words attached with derivational affixes found in the song
lyrics from Simple Plan‟s Album Taking One for The Team. There are 9 words
with the derivational prefixes and 27 words with the derivational suffixes. The
researcher used the theory of morphology to analyze the affixation. To avoid the
error, the researcher used the Oxford Dictionary to help find out the root and the
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The table represents the affixes found in the song lyrics from Simple
Plan‟s Album Taking One for The Team. There are two kinds of affixes found in
the song lyrics; prefix and suffix. From the table above, the most productive suffix
is suffix {-y}. In contrast, the most productive prefix is the prefix {dis-}.
A. The use of Derivational Affixes Found in the Song Lyrics from Simple
In this part, the researcher elaborates the data into two categories. The first
category of data lies in the process of affixation. Meanwhile, the second category
of data indicates the function of derivational affix. For the first data category, the
researcher used the tree diagram to display the process of affixation. Afterward, in
the second category, the researcher explained the function of derivational affix,
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1. Prefix
Prefix is an affix attached before a root, such as {un-}, {pre-}, {bi-}, {di-},
{multi-}, etc. The examples are the words unhappy and bisex. The process in
bisex is created from {bi-} + sex bisex. In the song lyrics from Simple Plan
Album Taking One for The Team, there are several prefixes, such as {dis-}, {un-},
and {a-}. Based on the function of the prefixes, there are four functions
However, prefixes that found in this song lyrics are verbalizer and adjectivalizer
a. Verbalizer
change the word category of a word, from adjective and noun into verbs. This
Prefix {dis-}
Prefix {dis-} lies in the lyric “Suddenly all my problems disappear on cue”
Verb
{dis-} verb
appear
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"cease to be visible, vanish from sight, and be no longer seen. “It is from the Old
French aparoir, aperer in late 13 century and has a meaning “come into view”.
After that, it has adopted into English and change into appear.
The word disappear consists of two morphemes: one free morpheme and
one bound morpheme. The free morpheme is a word appear, and the bound
morpheme is {dis-}. The process of affixation begins with morpheme appear and
attached with prefix {dis-}. Then it becomes disappear. Even though the word
class does not change, it changes the meaning. The use of prefix {dis-} in the
word disappear gives a negative meaning. The function of this prefix is to change
b. Adjectivalizer
a function to change a word as nouns and verbs into adjectives. Below are
i. Prefix {un-}
Prefix {un-} lies in the lyric “Cuz so many things were left unsaid” in the
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Adjective
{un-} verb
verb {-d}
say
of three morphemes. The root of the word unsaid is a word „say‟. After that, it
attached with inflectional suffix {-d} and becomes „said‟ (it is the past participle
of the word „say‟). Then, the word „said‟ attached with prefix {un-} and becomes
„unsaid‟. The word say has been adopted from Old English secgan. It has a
meaning “to utter, inform, speak, tell, relate". Past tense said developed from Old
English segde.
Prefix {a-} lies in the lyric “I would fall asleep, you would carry me” in
Adjective
{a-} verb
sleep
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into a state of slumber.” The original term comes from Old English slæpe and
then has changed into sleep. Asleep consists of two morphemes. The free
category of word class. The process begins with morpheme sleep as a verb has
attached prefix {a-} become asleep as an adjective. Since prefix {a-} is attached
to the verb, it changes the word category verb into an adjective. Therefore, this
2. Suffix
ness}, {-ship}, {-ment} etc. Some examples are driver and hopeless. The
suffix {-er} or suffix {-less} after the base of words, the meaning will change and
create a new world. In the song lyrics from Simple Plan Album Taking One for
The Team, several prefix appear, such as {-ly}, {-ful}, {-able}, {-cal}, {-ure}, {-
less}, {-ate}, {-y}, {-ion}, {-ness}, {-ed}, {-ing}, {-al} and {-ity}. According to
a. Nominalizer
process. It has a function to change the word class from verbs and adjectives into
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a nouns. This function can also be applied to words that contain nouns. Some
suffixes that are categorized as nominalizer found in song lyrics are suffix {-ity}
i. Suffix {-ity}
Suffix {-ity} lies in the lyric “I've got a badass personality” in the song I
Noun
adjective {-ity}
noun {-al}
person
meaning “quality or fact of being a person”. From the diagram above, it can be
seen that the word personality consists of three morphemes. One free morpheme
is the word person from the word category noun, and two bound morphemes are
suffix {-al} and suffix {-ity}. The affixation process starts with the morpheme
person as a noun attached by the suffix {-al} and progresses to become personal.
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Suffix {-y} lies in the lyric “This is Simple Plan shorty” in the song I
Adjective
Noun {-y}
short
morphemes. The free morpheme or known as a root is short, and the bound
morpheme is suffix {-y}. Short, come from Old English sceort, scort means short
or not tall. The process begins with the morpheme short as a noun and the suffix
Suffix {-ness} lies in the lyric “It's like happiness just wasn't meant for
Noun
adjective {-ness}
happy
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This suffix is a derivational affix since it changes the word class of happy. The
word happiness itself has been known since the 1520s and has the meaning “good
fortune.” While the word happy was known beforehand in late 14c, that has a
b. Verbalizer
category of a word, from adjective and noun into verbs. This function can also be
applied to verbs. The suffix that is categorized as verbalizer that is found in song
Suffix {-ize}
Suffix {-ize} lies in the lyric “I won't apologize” in the song Opinion
Verb
Noun {-ize}
apology
from Late Latin apologia that has meaning defense or justification. Then in the
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and suffix {-ize} as a bound morpheme. The process begins with the word
apology as a noun. Afterward, the word apology has added the suffix {-ize} and
has become apologize as a verb. From the process, it can be seen that suffix {-ize}
c. Adjectivalizer
into adjectives. This function can also be applied to words that contain as
adjectives. Suffix that categorized as adjectivalizer that found in song lyrics are
i. Suffix {-able}
Suffix {-able} lies in the lyric “What we got's unbreakable” in the song
Adjective
Verb {-able}
break
of root break. The word break comes from Old English brecan in 14c. The root
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from verb to adjective when it is attached in word break. The word breakable was
Adjective
Noun {-al}
type
suffix {-ical}. The word type as a noun comes from Latin typus (figure, image) in
the late 15c. Then it has attached with suffix {-ical} becomes typical as an
adjective. The word typical first known in English in the 1600 and has a meaning
Suffix {-ful} lies in the lyric “Someday you're gonna see you're beautiful
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Adjective
Noun {-ful}
beauty
comes from Anglo-French beaute in the early 14c. that has a meaning beauty,
by the suffix {-ful} and becomes beautiful as an adjective. The word beautiful is
used for the first time in English in the mid15 century, and has a meaning
fashionable set.
Suffix {-less} lies in the lyric “It's pointless, I don't even like it” in the
Adjective
Noun {-less}
point
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From the diagram above, it can be seen that the word pointless consists of
two morphemes. The word „point‟ is a free morpheme and suffix {-less} is a
bound morpheme. The word „point‟ was first known in 1200c, from word pointe
means the single item in a whole. Then Middle English was borrowed „point‟ as
derivational affix because it changes the word class category. The process begins
with morpheme point as a noun that adds suffix {-less} to become pointless. This
v. Suffix {-y}
Suffix {-y} lies in the lyric “Or all the crazy nights, all the stupid fights” in
Adjective
Noun {-y}
craze
The word crazy comes from the word „craze‟ as a noun; then it is attached with
suffix {-y} become crazy. The word class changes from noun to adjective. This
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suffix belongs to the derivational affix process because it changes the word
category.
Suffix {-ic} lies in the lyric “Feeling nostalgic” in the song Nostalgic, line 15.
Adjective
Noun {-ic}
nostalgia
substantial changes, noun words that have ending -ia or -is and attached with
suffix {-ic}, those endings will disappear and are automatically replaced with
suffix {-ic}. The process of affixation begins with suffix {-ic} that is attached
with morpheme nostalgia. It then creates the word nostalgic. This suffix is
categorized as a derivational suffix since it changes the word class from noun to
adjective.
d. Adverbializer
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Suffix {-ly}
Suffix {-ic} lies in the lyric “You're perfectly perfect to me” in the song
Adverb
adjective {-ly}
perfect
parfit that has a meaning flawless in perfect form or manner. Then in 13c, the
word perfectly that is formed of the word perfect (adj) + suffix {-ly}. It means
completely or thoroughly.
affix because it changes the word class category. The process of affixation begins
with morpheme perfect that is attached with suffix {-ly} and becomes perfectly as
an adverb.
derivational affix attached to song lyrics from Simple Plan's Album. The
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since if we know the meaning, we will know what the message will be delivered.
1. Prefix {a-}
The prefix {a-} changes the meaning of the word that is stated in the song
lyrics, “I would fall asleep, you would carry me” (Problem Child, line 7). The
word sleep has the meaning “to rest your mind and body in bed with your eyes
closed”. Then it has attached by prefix {a-} and becomes asleep. The meaning of
that word also changes into “sleeping deeply”. If the meaning is put in the whole
2. Prefix {dis-}
The prefix {dis-} changes the meaning of the word that is stated in the
song lyrics, “Suddenly all my problems disappear on cue” (Singing in The Rain,
line 23). The word disappear is a verb that has a negative meaning. It is derived
from the root verb appear that has been added prefix {dis-}. If the
word appear has meaning “start to be seen or known”, disappear means otherwise
or “missing not exist”. Hence, when the meaning is put in the whole sentence, it
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3. Prefix {un-}
The meaning of the prefix {-un} as stated in the song lyrics ”Were left
unsaid” (I‟d Anything, line 9). The word said means “to speak or to tell somebody
something using words”. Then it has attached with the prefix {un-} and
becomes unsaid. The meaning also changes into “not spoken or silently”.
Therefore, when it puts in the whole sentence, it becomes “Were left silently”.
4. Prefix {in-}
The meaning of the prefix {in-} as stated in the song lyrics, ”Could have
any insecurities” (Perfectly Perfect, line 6). The word insecure has an opposite
meaning with the word secure. If the word secure means “feeling comfortable and
meaning of insecure is put in the whole sentence, it becomes “Could have any not
confident”.
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5. Suffix {-ly}
The meaning of suffix {-ly} as stated in the song lyrics ”You're perfectly
perfect to me” (Perfectly Perfect, line 16). The word perfect has a meaning
“having everything necessary”. However, when it has attached with suffix {-ly}, it
changes into a new meaning, “being perfect or in a perfect way”. Hence when a
word perfectly puts in a whole sentence, it becomes “You‟re being perfect to me”.
6. Suffix {-ful}
The suffix {-ful} changes the meaning of the word that is stated in the
song lyrics, “Someday you're gonna see you're beautiful this way” (Perfectly
Perfect, line 25). The word beauty has the meaning “a person or thing that is
beautiful”. Afterward, it has suffix {-ful}, it changes into a new meaning, “having
becomes “Someday you're gonna see you're full of beauty this way”.
7. Suffix {-ize}
The suffix {-ize} changes the meaning of the word that is stated in the
song lyrics “To apologize for who I am” (I refuse, line 9). The
word apologize means “to say that you are sorry for doing something wrong”.
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Before it is attached with suffix {-ize}, the word apology means “a word or
statement saying sorry for something that has been done wrong”. Consequently,
when the meaning of apologize is put in a whole sentence, it becomes “To say
8. Suffix {-er}
The suffix {-er} changes the meaning of the word that is stated in the song
lyrics, “You shine bright like lighters in the dark” (Boom, line 9). The word light
means “become brighten”, and after it is attached by suffix {-er} it changes into a
new meaning “person who bright”. Accordingly, when the meaning is put in the
whole sentence, it becomes “You shine bright like a person who perform bright in
the dark”.
9. Suffix {-able}
unbreakable” (Boom, line 18). The word break means “to separate into parts with
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changes into a new meaning, “capable being break”. Adding prefix {un-} in the
word breakable results in the change of meaning. Prefix {-un} indicates the
The suffix {-ical} changes the meaning of the word that is stated in the
song lyrics, “Go ahead and say that we're typical” (Kiss Me Like Nobody‟s
Watching, line 21). A word type means “a group of people or things that share
changes into a new meaning “having the usual qualities or features of a particular
type of person, thing or group”. Therefore, when the meaning of typical is put in
the whole sentence, it becomes “Go ahead and say that we're having the usual
particular type”.
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The suffix {-less} change the meaning of the word that is stated in the
song lyrics, “You'll never make it far, you are just a hopeless case” (I Refuse, line
22). The word hope as a noun means “expectation of the fulfillment of successful”,
and it has attached with by suffix {-less} it changes into a new meaning “having
in the whole sentence, it becomes” You'll never make it far, you are just not good
case”.
The suffix {-ness} changes the meaning of the word that is stated in song
lyrics, “It's like happiness just wasn't meant for me” (I Don‟t Wanna be Sad, line
20). The word happy means “favored by luck or fortune”. Then, when it has
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The suffix {-y} changes the meaning of the word that is stated in song lyrics,
“Why I've been acting crazy” (Everything Sucks, line 27). The root word craze as
a verb means “to make insane”. Afterwards, when it has attached by suffix {-y} it
changes into a new meaning “person who is or acts crazy”. Consequently, when
the meaning of crazy is put in a whole sentence, it becomes “Why I've been acting
crazy”.
The suffix {-ity} changes the meaning of the word that is stated in song
lyrics, “I've got a badass personality” (I Don‟t Wanna be Sad, line 25). The word
comes from the root word person that has the meaning “human being”. The word
person then attached with the suffix {-nal} and becomes personal which means
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The suffix {-ic} changes the meaning of the word that is stated in the song
lyrics, “Feeling nostalgic” (Nostalgic, line 25). The word nostalgic has the
meaning “feeling or inspiring nostalgia”. Before it attached with suffix {-ic}, the
word nostalgia has the meaning “a state of being homesick”. Therefore, when the
meaning of word nostalgic is put in the whole sentence, it creates the new
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
This chapter showed the conclusion of the analysis results discussed in the
previous chapter. The result of the analysis showed that the objectives of the
studies were achieved. First is discussed about the results of the derivational
affixes attached in song lyrics Simple Plan‟s Album Taking One for the Team.
attached in the song lyrics Simple Plan‟s Album Taking One for the Team.
derivational affix found in the song lyrics. There are 9 words with derivational
prefixes and 27 words with derivational suffixes. Since the researcher found some
words occurred repeatedly, the researcher counted those words as one word. After
it reduced some words that occurred repeatedly, the researcher found 21 words
found in the song lyrics are prefix {un-}, {in-}, {dis-}, and {a-}. On the other
hand, suffix that found in the song lyrics are suffix {-ly}, {-ful}, {-ize}, {-able},
The correlation of this study with our life is the affixation process in the
song lyrics showed considerably useful to help the readers or listeners to have the
capabilities of breaking down unfamiliar words into segments that are easily to
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understood. Besides, it also helps to increase their vocabulary and learn new
behind different vocabulary words. It also help them to understand the message
REFERENCES
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Yule, G. (2010). The Study of Language. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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APPENDICES
Word Prefix Suffix Analysis Note Description
Derivational Affix in “Opinion Overload”
Ahead head (noun) 1620s, "at the head, in front,"
{a-} - Adjectivalizer
(line 12) ahead (adverb) from a- "on" from {a-} + head.
1530s; from Latin exactus
(precise, accurate), past-
participle adjective
Exactly Exact (adjective) from exigere (demand, require,
- {-ly} Adverbalizer
(line 12) Exactly (adverb) enforce).
Related: exact (adj) + {-ly}
means in an exact manner, with
minute correctness.
Late 14c; from Old French
respect and from Latin
Respect (noun) respectus.
Respectful 1580s, respect (n) + {-ful}
Disrespectful
{dis-} {-ful} (adjective) Adjectivalizer means full of outward civility
(line 21)
Disrespectful that attested from 1680s.
(adjective) 1670s, {dis-} + respectful (adj)
means showing disrespect,
wanting in respect.
Early 15c., "defense,
justification," from Late
Apologize Apology (noun)
- {-ize} Verbalizer Latin apologia. The original
(line 32) Apologize (verb)
English sense of "self-
justification" yielded a
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53
Cynic philosopher.
By 1660s with a lower –c the
meaning is disposed to
disbelieve the sincerity of
personal character and express
it into sarcasm.
Late 15c; From Latin typus
(figure, image, kind), from
Greek typos (impression, figure
in relief, image, statue).
1600; type (n) + {-cal}, from
Type (noun) Medieval Latin typicalis has a
Typical
- {-ical} Typical Adjectivalizer meaning “symbolic”, while
(line 21)
(adjective) from Late Latin typicus has
meaning “of or pertaining to a
type”. In a Greek typikos, from
typos “impression”. Sense of
characteristic is first recorded
in 1850.
Derivational Affix in “Farewell”
early 14c., "actually existing,
true, from Old
French reel "real, actual,"
Realize Real (adjective) 1610s, "bring into existence,"
- {-ize} Verbalizer
(line 5) Realize (verb) from French réaliser "make
real". Sense of "understand
clearly, make real in the mind"
is first recorded 1775.
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55
56
57
58
59
60
insane" is by 1818.
1570s, "diseased, sickly"
from craze + {-y}.
Derivational Affix in “I Don’t Wanna be Sad”
Late 14c, happy has a meaning
lucky, favored by fortune,
being in advantageous
circumstances.
Happiness Happy (adjective)
- {-ness} Nominalizer 1520s, from happy + {-ness}
(line 20) Happiness (noun)
means good fortune. Then in
the 1590s, it has a meaning
pleasant and contented mental
state.
In late 12c, from Old French
personnel that has a meaning
pertaining to the self or to self-
conscious individual.
Person (noun)
In the same year, from personal
Personal
Personality {-al} (adj) + {-ity} has a meaning
- (adjective) Nominalizer
(line 25) { -ity} quality or fact of being a
Personality
person. Then in 1795,
(noun)
personality has been recorded
as a sense of a distinctive
essential character of a self-
conscious being.
Derivational Affix in “I’d Do Anything”
Unsaid Say (verb) From Old English secgan "to
{un-} - Adjectivalizer
(line 9) Said (adjective) utter, inform, speak, tell,
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