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A Case Study Onsoutheast Bank LTD, Cda Avenue Branch, Chittagong
A Case Study Onsoutheast Bank LTD, Cda Avenue Branch, Chittagong
This report is submitted for the partial fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor of Business
Administration BBA with major in Finance & Banking
SUPERVISED BY
Afzal Ahmad
Associate Profesor Of Accountimg
Department of Business Administration
International Islamic University
Supervisor Signature
------------------------------
PREPARED BY
Mohammad Maruf
ID No: B113119
Program: BBA
Semester: Autumn 2015
1
Letter of submission
June, 2016
To
The Internship Committee
Department of Business Administration
International Islamic University Chittagong.
Chittagong,
Dear Sir,
It is a great pleasure for me to submit the Internship Report, which is a requirement for the B.B.A
program.This internship program has given me the experience of working in a corporate environment
and job training which has definitely enriched my knowledge. During the two months internship
period, I am assigned to submit the report under the above topic. This assignment gives me the
opportunity to apply my theoretical knowledge throughout the period, which would be great help for
me in future.
Your acceptance and appreciation would surely inspire me. I would always be available and ready to
explain further any type of contexts of report whenever asked.
Yours sincerely,
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Mohammad Maruf
ID No: B113119
Program: BBA
Semester: Autumn 2015
International Islamic University Chittagong
2
PREFACE
Knowledge is not perfect unless it is put in combine of theory and practice. Only the theoretical
knowledge is not enough to build carrier in real life situation. Practical knowledge is the most
important phase of education, it helps a learner to mature his/her theoretical idea and be prepared
for the application of the theoretical knowledge in the real life problem. I am given the
theoretical basement so that I can face the difficulties effectively and efficiently that comes in
our life. As a partial requirement of BBA program each student is required to prepare a report on
restive topic as selected by the supervising teacher.
In consequence I am appointed to prepare a report. In different way this study have a personal
journey to the root of my education discipline have a great role from this study and I am able to
translate my knowledge efficiently.
This Assignment will teach students how to develop and implement their hidden abilities to
professional life. In addition, it will help students to understand the pitfall of the remittance
service. While preparing the Assignment I faced many problems. However, I believe, this will
say about my effort which I had in preparing this report. I take all responsibilities for any error of
commission or omission.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is almighty God who enables me to successfully complete the internship Report On “Credit
Management Performance’’ practices an evaluation of Southeast Bank Ltd”.
At first, I am expressing the gratefulness from the core of my heart to my Supervisor-,Mr Afzal
Ahmad, Associate Professor, International Islamic University Chittagong, who supervised me
throughout the whole period and has given me some time from his busy schedule for giving
accurate direction to prepare this report. Without the freedom and flexibility sanctioned by him
completion of this task would have been very tough.
I am highly grateful to the other employees for their cordial behavior, heartiest co-operation and
supervision.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Contemporary business world is very much competitive and the success in the competition is
achieved mainly through giving satisfaction to the ultimate consumer. The banking industry is a
service industry; it provides the customer various financial services.
The students of BBA program, who are attached with services, have to submit an Internship Report
as the partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration. This internship is the
outcome of a study General Banking Practices of Southeast Bank Ltd, a scheduled Bank under
private sector established within the field of Bank Company Act, 1991 and was incorporated as a
Public Limited Company under Companies Act, 1994 on September 28, 1999.
The objectives of the study are to discuss the activities of General banking Practices and to evaluate
the performance of banking activities of Southeast Bank Ltd.
In order to make report more meaningful and presentable, two sources of data and information have
been used widely. Primary sources of data- face to face conversation with respective of the Branch,
Personal observations, Practical experience and relevant file study as provided by the offices
concerned. Secondary sources of data – Annual report, Web site, Different books, Articles etc of
Southeast Bank Ltd.
This report basically contains nine chapters. It has been highlighted on the different type’s General
banking services of Southeast Bank Ltd, CDA Avenue Branch, Chittagong.
Finally some findings and recommendations have been identified on this study. That is the General
Banking and Credit Operation this branch does the real banking operations. The Employee of
General Banking & Credit department is too much efficient, energetic and aware of their daily task
Though its service charge is too high but the clients always come to get the better service as SEBL
provides. Last of all overall performance of General Banking and Credit Operation of Southeast
Bank Ltd, CDA Avenue Branch is satisfactory.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Particulars Page no
2.1 An overview of Southeast Bank Limited 13
2.2 Mission, vision, and objective of SEBL 14
2.3 Commitment to Clients 15
2.4 Corporate Slogan and Logo 15
2.5 Management Hierarchy of SEBL 16
2.6 Divisions Of SEBL 17
2.7 Corporate Profile 18
2.8 Branch Profile: CDA Avenue Branch 18
2.9 Products and Service Of SEBL 19
2.10 Strategic Priority 21
2.11 Training Program 21
Chapter-3:Principles Policies Of Loans & Advances
Particulars Page no
3.1Credit 23
3.2.1 Loan 23
3.2.2 Advance 23
6
3.5.1 Functions and responsibilities of Credit Personal 24
3.6 Documents 27
Particulars Page no
6.1 Findings 63
6.2 Recommendation 64
6.3 Conclusion 65
References 66
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1.1 Introduction
The word “Bank” refers to the financial institution deals with money. Commercial banks are the
primary contributor to the economy of the country. They are borrowing money from the locals
and lending the same to the business as Loans and Advances. So the people and the government
are very much dependent on these banks as the financial intermediary.
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Bank is committed to provide high quality financial services to contribute to the growth of the
country through stimulating trade and commerce, accelerating the pace of
industrialization,boosting up export, creating employment opportunity for the youth, poverty
alleviation, raising standard of living of limited income group and overall sustainable socio-
economic development of the country.
Involvement of the banking sector in different financial events is increasing day by day. At the
same time the banking process is becoming faster, easier and the banking arena is becoming
wider. In order to survive in the competitive field of the banking sector, ‘customer satisfaction’ is
very important.
In our country, all commercial bank provide three main sorts of service- general banking service,
credit facilities and foreign exchange service. Among them, Credit Department is the most
significant one. On my study I have tried to analyze the principles, policies and systems etc. of
the credit management.
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1.3 Methodology of the Study
The study is mainly based on secondary data. The sources of secondary data are as follows:
Annual report of the bank.
Files and other manuals of bank.
Relevant books, newspapers and journals.
Information regarding the banking sector.
Website.
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CHAPTER- TWO
ORGANIZATIONAL OVERVIEW
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In present the bank has 122 Branches (AD Branches 22, Non ADBranches 100) which they are
leading very successfully all over Bangladesh. Southeast Bank was established by leading
business personalities and eminent industrialists of the country withstakes in various segments of
the national economy. They established the bank with a vision tobring efficient and professional
banking service to the people and the business community ofBangladesh to help the national
economy grow. The incumbent Chairman of the Bank is Mr. Alamgir Kabir, FCA, a
professionalChartered Accountant. The first Managing Director (MD) was Mr. Syed Anisul
Haque and the present MD is Mr. Shahid Hossain.Both of them are very renowned in the spheres
of business of the country.The bank’s operations are built upon unequivocal emphasis on
effective corporate governance. The bank’s first and the highest priority is to provide effective
services and maximum satisfaction to the customers. Theethos of harmony and co-operation is
widely practiced in the bank. Transparency indecision-making, monitoring mechanism and full
disclosure to shareholders and regulatoryauthorities are essential aspects of bank’s corporate
governance and that they create an intense pressure to rationalize bank’s services and search for
new competitive advantages.
A team of efficient professionals manages the bank. They create and generate anenvironment of
trust and discipline that encourages everybody in the bank to work togetherfor achieving the
objectives of the bank. The culture of maintaining congenial workenvironment in the bank has
further enabled to benchmark themselves better against management expectations. A
commitment to quality and excellence in service is thehallmark of their identity. In its arduous
journey since, Southeast Bank has succeeded inrealizing the dreams of those who established it.
Today it is one of the country’s leadingbanks in the private sector contributing significantly to
the national economy.Southeast Bank has become a synonym of quality banking services and
products. It has adiverse array of products and services tailored carefully to cater to the needs of
all segments of customers. Their operational strategies are structured to address the special and
often complex needs of the customers.
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2.2 Mission, Vision and Objectives of SEBL
Mission
High quality financial services with state of the art technology
Fast and accurate customer service
Sustainable growth strategy
High standard business ethics
Steady return on shareholders’ equity
Innovative banking at a competitive price
Attract and retain quality human resource
Commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility.
Vision
To stand out as a pioneer banking institution in Bangladesh and contributes significantly to
thenational economy.
Objectives
SEBL is committed to provide the best. The bank believes that Customer is always right and is
the core of everything. So providing them friendly and personalized service, tailor-made
solutions for business needs, global reach in trade and commerce at the doorsteps and high yield
on investments are the core objectives of the bank. But the bank also tries to do the best in
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conjunction with achieving the ultimate objective of a business organization – Wealth
Maximization.
2.3Commitment to Clients
Provide service with high degree of professionalism and use of modern technology.
Create long-term relationship based on mutual trust and respect.
Respond to customer needs with speed and accuracy.
Share their values and beliefs.
Grow as our customers grow.
Provide products and services at competitive pricing.
Ensure safety and security of customers' valuables in trust with us.
CHAIRMAN
Executive Committee
Deputy Managing Director
Vice President
Executive Officer
Senior Officer
Officer
Junior Officer
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2.7 Corporate Profile
Name of the Company : Southeast Bank Limited
Legal Status : Public Limited Company
Date of Incorporation : March 12, 1995
Registered Office : Eunoos Trade Centre, 52-53, Dilkusha C/A (Level 2,
3 & 16), Dhaka-1000
Line of Business : Banking (Both Conventional & Islamic Banking)
Authorized Capital : BDT 15,000 million
Paid Up Capital : BDT 9,169.50 million
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Date of Opening of First Branch : May 25, 1995
Year of Initial Public Officer : 1999
Stock Exchange Listing : April 10, 2000 (DSE) and April 24, 2000 (CSE)
Credit Rating : Credit Rating Information and Services Limited
(CRISL)
Validity of the Credit Rating : Up to June 22, 2015
Phone : 9571115 (Hunting)
Fax : 9550086, 9550093 & 9563102
E-mail : info@southeastbank.com.bd
Website : http://www.southeastbank.com.bd
Name of the Bank’s Subsidiary : Southeast Bank Capital Services Ltd, Southeast
Companies Financial Services (UK) Ltd, Southeast Exchange
Company (South Africa) Pty Ltd.
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2.9 Products and Services of SEBL
Southeast Bank provides a wide variety of banking products and services to different category of
customer in response to their need of banking. They have clustered the product and services into
several segments which are directed and operated by independent divisions. Each product and
service has numerous rule-regulations, term-conditions, fees-charges and distinct characteristics.
Conventional Banking:
The bank offers several conventional retail products which are stated below:
Islamic Banking:
The bank offers similar type of banking product on the basis of Shariah law of Finance &
Banking so that Muslims can follow the religious instructions in every sphere of life. The
brand name of Islamic Banking is ‘Tijarah’ which offers interest free concept of banking.
Other Services:
Internet Banking
Remittance Service
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2.11 Training Program
There are effective training program for new comers of the Southeast bank. Training aims to
improve current skills and behavior. Employee training designed to achieve a relatively
permanent change in an individual that will improve the ability to perform on the job. Training
program is beneficial for both organization and employees because
It increase job satisfaction and morale among employees.
It increases capability to adopt new environment, technologies and products.
It also reduce employees turnover.
It increases employee motivation.
In implementation of the human resources development strategy, the bank established Training
Institute in 2005 at the 4th floor of Head Office premises with the vision to build up
professionals with technical, human and conceptual skills.
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3.1 Credit
The word credit comes from the Latin word “Credo” meaning “I believe”. It is a lender’s trust in
people/firms or company’s ability or potential ability and intention to repay. In other words,
credit is the ability to command goods or services of another in return for promise to pay such
goods or services at some specified time in the future. For a bank, it is the main source of profit
and on the other hand, the wrong use of credit would bring disaster not only for the bank but also
for the economy a whole.
3.2.1 Loan
A loan is when a person is provided money that they must repay.A bank loan is an agreement
between the borrower and the bank that the loan will be paid back in a specific amount of time at
a specific interest rate. The borrower can repay the loan all at a time or by installment.
3.2.2 Advance
Advance is a little bit different from loan. In advance, the borrower is allowed for credit limit for
a given period of time. In that given period, the borrower can withdraw money as many times as
he wants but he cannot exceed the credit limit. Again he can repay several times whenever he
wants. In advance, disbursement and repayment occurs several times. But at the end of the
period, whole credit amount must be repaid to the bank. This type of credit is allowed to business
for their working capital requirement.
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3.3 Factors related with Loans and Advances
Risk
Time
Interest/ Profit rate
Security or Collateral
Legal Considerations
Inflation etc.
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Responsibilities of Lending Staff
“Lending Staff” means MD/CEO (operations)/Head Corporate Banking/all Relationship
Officers/Managers and Head of Credit/all Credit Managers/Officers who will be involved in
soliciting and approving credit proposals. The entire lending staff is responsible for:
Comply with the bank’s instructions, manuals, directives, policies and procedures etc. as
issued from time to time.
Ensuring total understanding of bank’s customers.
Exercising their authorities with due care and discretion.
Ensure complete and up to date review and analysis of the borrowing clients before
approving a credit proposal.
Jointly working with credit administration personnel to ensure appropriate
implementation of the credit and follow ups to perfect documentations.
Jointly working with Credit Monitoring & recovery Division to ensure continuous follow
up and monitoring/recovery of the credit.
Corporate Division
Corporate Division is the main medium to establish and maintain relationship with bank’s
corporate and other commercial clients. The responsibilities of this division are:
To analyze market, industry and competitive environment and adapt to changes in
strategies to achieve business goals in an on-going basis.
To structure loan terms/agreement to reasonably ensure borrower’s capacity to repay
loans as well as to protect interest of Bank.
To carry out credit/risk analysis, risk grading, prepare credit memo/presentations and
make recommendations.
To update credit information on clients and review risk grading on a periodic basis and
have the changed risk grade(s) approved through Credit Risk Management (CRM), also
seek assistance from CRM regarding restructuring/rescheduling of facilities as and when
required.
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To identify target clients, establish new customer relationships and renew/strengthen
existing relationships.
To maintain thorough knowledge of borrower’s business and industry through regular
contacts, factory/warehouse inspections, etc. Relationship Managers should proactively
monitor the financial performance and account conduct of borrowers.
To maintain regular contact with clients, ensure early identification and prompt reporting
of deteriorating credit sign.
Credit Division
Credit Division ensures that the credit approval process is responsive to customer needs with no
credit losses and negligible collection costs. Key responsibilities of Credit division are:
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Provide inputs to and co-ordinate with the respective business heads on the
individualgroup’s loan portfolio composition, parameters of risk assets and industry
concentration.
To oversee bank’s credit policies, procedures and controls relating to all credit risks that
arises from corporate/commercial/institutional banking, personal banking.
To issue facility sanction advice and send copies to Corporate Division/Branches
andCredit Administration Division.
To review and update bank’s credit/procedural manual from time to time.
3.6 Documents
For execution of loan, bank usually use two types of documents. One is application form and
other one is charge document. Details of these documents are given below:
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1. Application Form:
The contents of application form for loan of different banks are almost the same and
these are as follows:
Personal Details of Applicant:
The applicant’s personal information is written down here.
Employment Details:
In this section, applicant has to specify the details about his employment (Name of
the Company where he belongs, designation, years of service etc.).
Loan Details:
Amount of loan, period, interest/profit, equity, mode of repayment, security and
other charges are to be mentioned.
Financial Details:
Total assets, total liabilities, monthly income, monthly expenses and all other
financial details of the applicant have to be mentioned.
Particulars of Guarantors:
Details of Guarantors with their job details are to be stated here.
Quotation:
Quotation contains the details description of goods, brand, model, size, manufacturer,
price and details of supplier.
Letter of Assurance:
This is the assurance of the working organization of the client to pay the installment
on behalf of the client in case of the client fails to repay.
Declaration:
This is the declaration of the borrower that all the information regarding the quotation
of goods is correct and he/she agrees with all terms and conditions of the bank.
Certification of the Organization:
In this section the working organization will certify that the borrower is the employee
of the organization.
Photograph:
Two copies of photograph are required for each client.
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2. Charge Documents:
Charge documents are set of documents that contain different rules, terms and conditions. If
the borrower of loan agrees with all these items and conditions regarding the loan he/she
needs to sign all the documents. If any disagreement or irregularity occurs in future, these
documents will be exercised to suit against the borrower.
Before the disbursement of loan, the following documents must be signed by client.
Thestamps needed for these documents are paid by the clients.
Letter of Guarantee:
This letter of guarantee is two sided. One is borrower side guarantee and another is
guarantor side guarantee. Borrower side guarantee consists of agreement of all terms
and conditions of bank as well as assurance of proper repayment of installments.
Guarantor side guarantee is the undertaking by the guarantor to pay the installments
in case of failure of the client.
Letter of Hypothecation:
It signifies that the goods/items are hypothecated to the bank.
Demand Promissory Note:
It is the promise of borrower to pay on demand of the bank the overdue or total
outstanding if necessary.
Letter of Installment:
In this document, borrower promises to pay all regular and irregular installments in
due time.
Letter of Disbursement:
This is the declaration of disbursement of loan to the borrower.
Letter of Agreement:
The borrower is bound to pay all dues together with all charges and the borrower
givesthe authority to the bank of discharge the agreements any time due to the fault
in borrower side.
Letter of Authority:
In this letter the borrower gives the authority to the bank to debit the account if
necessary.
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3.7 Credit Appraisal & Approval Process
The function of credit appraisal & approval process are jointly performed at Corporate Banking
Division and at branch level which include scrutinizing the credit proposal for accepting in view
of Bank’s credit policy, risk elements and Bangladesh Bank’s Policy/regulations, checking of
credit proposal/Board Memo & issuing Sanction Letter, processing of proposal and review of
credit policy.
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Different Risk factors:
Different risk factors are to be identified such as- Management, Financial, Technical
and Technological, Marketing, Security etc.
Contribution to economy:
While considering a loan proposal, its contribution to economy must be evaluated.
Conformity with laws:
Business whether is in conformity with the government/country’s laws as permissible
as per the laws of the land.
Sector-wise Allocation:
To minimize credit risk, give priority in the productive sectors, discourage financing
to ethically sensitive & vulnerable sector, diversification and above all to attain a
maximum point of profit growth sector-wise allocation is necessary. As per credit
policy of our bank the sector wise allocation is reviewed in each year.
Bank’s policy:
While processing credit proposal it must be ensured that the facilities are in line with
the credit policy of the bank.
Compliance:
It must be ensured that all the rules and regulations of Bank Companies Act,
Bangladesh Bank and other regulatory bodies are complied with. You cannot extend
any credit facility to a loan defaulter. The major tool to ensure the applicant as non-
defaulter is the CIB report.
Documentations:
All terms and conditions related to documentation of the proposed credit facility.
After getting approval, copy of approval is sent to credit risk management division
and concerned branch. Then SEBL disburse loan to the client. Andit is necessary to
review the loan regularly.
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3.7.3Flow Chart of Approval Process
HEAD OF BRANCH
(APPROVED/ DECLINED)
AS PER DELEGATION
EC (Approved as per
Delegated Power or Declined
BEYOND CAPACITY or Recommended to Board)
RECOMMENDED TO
EC/BOARD OF
HEAD OFFICE CORPORATE DIRECTORS
BANKING DIVISION (HO corporate
division will scrutinize and prepare a full
BEYOND CAPACITY OF
blown memo with in depth analysis and
MD RECOMMENDED
proper due diligence and then)
MANAGEMENT
FORWARDED TO (SVP/EVP/SEVP/DMD/MD)
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3.8 Lending Products of SEBL
Continuous loan:
The loan account in which transaction may make within certain limit and have an expiry date for
full adjustment will be treated as continuous loan.
Secured overdraft against financial obligation:
This is an advance which is given against the financial security such as FDR, DPS etc. In
this type of loan, one can withdraw and repay loan several times within a given period of
time.
Cash Credit (Hypothecation):
In hypothecation, the real possession remains to the borrower. Loan disbursement and
loan repayment occurs several times for a given amount of money for a given period of
time.
Cash Credit (Pledge):
When any advance is made against the pledge of goods or assets then it is known as Cash
Credit (Pledge). The possession and ownership passes to the bank. Bank takes the control
of the assets or goods. Loan disbursement and loan repayment occurs several times for a
given amount of money for a given period of time.
Export Cash Credit:
Advance is allowed as cash credit for processing goods for export. The advance is usually
adjusted from export proceeds.
Demand Loan:
The loans that become repayable on demand by the bank will be treated as demand loans. If any
contingent or any other liabilities are turned to forced loans (i.e. without any prior approval as
regular loan)those too will be treated as demand loans.
Loan General:
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It is given against personal guarantee, hypothecation of goods and land and buildings
Loan is allowed against imported merchandise and storing the same in bank’s custody.
The bank through its approved clearing agent clears the merchandise. The advance is
adjusted by delivering the goods against payment
In Packing Credit, the bank gives loan to exporter to prepare the goods for export against
a certain L/C.
The bank creates a loan account on the name of the importer and from that account bank
pays to the foreign exporter after receiving the goods and proper documents.
When any loan is given to exporter against any foreign documentary bills then it is
known as Foreign Documentary Bills Purchased.
When any loan is given to seller against any local documentary bills then it is known as
Local Documentary Bills Purchased.
Term loan:
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The loan allowed for a definite period having a repayment schedule.
Fixed-Term Loan: The loans, which are repayable within a specific time period under a specific
repayment schedules will be treated as fixed term loans.
Short-Term Loan: Short-term agricultural credit will include the short-term credit as listed
under the annual credit program issued by the Agricultural Credit and Special Programs
Department (ACSPD) of Bangladesh Bank.
Short-term Micro credit will include if any micro credit repayable within 12 months. Here the
amount of credit limit will be determined by ACFID of Bangladesh Bank time to time.
Term loan includes:
This type of loan is given to build house against the mortgage of the property. This loan
is repaid in monthly fixed installment.
Personal loan:
When any loan is given for any personal purpose, it is known as personal loan.
Project loan:
When any long-term loan is given to any project then it is called project loan.
Transportation loan:
Bai-Murabaha:
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Contractual buying and selling at a mark-up profit is called Murabaha. In this case, the
client requests the bank to purchase certain goods for him. The bank purchases the goods
as per specification and requirement of the client. The client receives the goods on
payment of the price which includes mark-up profit as per contract. Under this mode of
investment the purchase/ cost price and profit are to be disclosed separately.
Bai-Muajjal:
Bai-Muajjal means sale for which payment is made at a future fixed date or within a fixed
period. In short, it is a sale on credit.
In Bank’s perspective, Bai-Muajjal is treated as a contract between the bank and the
client under which the bank sells to the client certain specified goods, purchased as per
order and specification of the client at an agreed price payable within a fixed future date
in lump sum or by fixed installments.
Quard:
It is a mode to provide financial assistance/loan with the stipulation to return the principal
amount in the future without any increase thereon.
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3.10 Interest/Profit rates of SEBL
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3.11 Types of Loan Classification
Loans are usually divided as Regular or Unclassified & Classified.They are sub-divided on their
payment nature and expirydate of the credit.
Loan Classification:
1. Unclassified (Regular):
Unclassified means the activities of Loans and Advances are good but show some weaknesses in
the borrower’s financial condition in Special Mention Account.
Standard:
It captures early warning signals for accounts showing first sign of weakness. But it is not
treated as defaulted loan.
2. Classified:
Any bank Loan that is in danger of default. Classified Loans have unpaid interest and principal
outstanding, and it is unclear whether the bank will be able to recoup the loan proceeds from the
borrower.
Sub- standard (SS):
A Loan, value of which is impaired by evidence that the borrower is unable to repay but
there is a reasonable prospect that the loan’s condition can be improved is considered as
sub-standard.
Doubtful (DF):
A Loan is considered bad when it is very unlikely that the loan can be recovered.
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3.12Base for Loan Classification
Loans are classified on the basis of two criteria. These are:
1. Objective criteria. (OB)2.Qualitative judgment (QJ)
Any Continuous Loanif not repaid/renewed within the fixed expiry date for
repayment or after the demand by the bank will be treated as past due/over due from
the following day of the expiry date.
Demand Loan:
Any Demand Loanif not repaid within the fixed expiry date for repayment or after the
demand by the bank will be treated as past due/over due from the following day of the
expiry date.
In case of any installment or part of installment of a Fixed Term Loan is not repaid
within the fixed expiry date, the amount of unpaid installment's will be treated as past
due/over due from the following day of the expiry date.
The Short-term Agricultural and Micro-Credit if not repaid within the fixed expiry
date for repayment will be considered past due/over due after six months of the expiry
date.
(2) All Unclassified Loans other than Special Mention Account (SMA) will be treated as
Standard.
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(3) A Continuous, Demand & Term Loan will remain overdue for 60 days/2 months or moreit
will put into special mention account (SMA).Special mention account will be reported to CIB of
Bangladesh Bank. It is the first sign of weakness of loan A/C.
(4)Loan in SMA and Sub-Standard will not be treated as default Loan.
(5)Any Continuous loan will be classified as:
Sub-Standard: If it is past due/overdue for 3 months but less than 6 months.
Doubtful: If it is past due/overdue for6 months but less than 9 months.
Bad/Loss: If it is past due/overdue for 9 months and above.
(7.a) Incase of Term Loan (Above Tk. 10.00 Lac), any installment or part of installment amount
remain unpaid within due date it will be classified as:
Sub-Standard: If the amount or part of installment past due is equal to 3 months or more
than the entire balance of Loan amount will be classified as above.
Doubtful: If the amount or part of installment past due is equal to 6 months or more than
the entire balance of Loan amount will be classified as above.
Bad/Loss: If the amount or part of installment past due is equal to 9 months or above
then the entire balance of Loan amount will be classified as above.
(7.b) Incase of Term Loan (upto Tk. 10.00 Lac), the installment or part of installment amount is
not paid within due date it will be classified as:
Sub-Standard: If the amount or part of installment past due is equal to 6 months or more
than the entire balance of Loan amount will be classified as above.
Doubtful: If the amount or part of installment past due is equal to 9 months or more than
the entire balance of Loan amount will be classified as above.
Bad/Loss: If the amount or part of installment past due is equal to 12 months or above
then the entire balance of Loan amount will be classified as above.
(8) Short term Agricultural loan & Micro Credit:The STAMC Loan will be classified as:
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Sub-Standard: If the Loan is not repaid within due date after a period of 12 months.
Doubtful: If the Loan is not repaid within due date after a period of 36 months.
Bad/Loss: If the Loan is not repaid within due date after a period of 60 months or more.
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4.1 Credit Risk
Risk is the element of uncertainty or possibility of lossthat exist in any business transaction.
Credit/Loans and Advances risk is the likelihood that a borrower or counterparty will be
unsuccessful to meet its obligation in accordance with agreed terms and conditions.Also we can
say credit risk means as the potential that a bank borrower or counterparty will failto meet its
obligations in accordance with agreed terms.
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Is there any conflict amongst owners/senior managers that could have
seriousimplications?
Risk that counterparties will fail to meet obligation due to financial distress.
Does the borrower produce financial statements on time?
Is working capital adequate?
Has the customer actual title to stock?
Have financial covenants been met?
Any significant change in asset conversion cycle? (Account Receivables, Payables and
Inventory etc.)
Are there enough cash flows to meet obligations?
Facility structure deals with the structure of a facility during approval based on business/
project nature. Security risk deals with quality and strength of the security in case of default.
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Are facilities justified by the borrower’s business?
Is any capital/long term expenditure being financed by short time borrowing?
Has all the security been perfected in accordance with the loan application?
Have any valuation and inspection been undertaken since the last application?
If you hold a guarantee, do you consider it has value?
Is the security fully insured for all risks and the bank’s nominated as loss payee?
Has the credit rating of the borrower deteriorated and have you considered the
requirement for additional security?
Is the property located in prime area?
Is it easy to dispose of?
5. Relationship Assessment:
This risk area covers evaluation of limit utilization, account performance, conditions/
covenants compliance by the borrower and their deposit relationship.
Has the borrower complied with the terms and conditions of the facility?
Adverse feature include: any past dues/excesses/delays/check returns and or defaults in
covenants and/or failure to meet interest when due.
Does the account fluctuate with the seasonally of the business?
Has the relationship strategy and earnings for the last twelve months been met?
Do the clients maintain their deposit in other bank(s)?
The bankers must assess the critical risks of facilities given and ways of mitigation of those risks.
Some of the critical factors are:
Volatility
High debt
Rapid growth
Acquisition
Debtors issues
Succession
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4.3Borrower selection
SEBL tries to judge the possible client based on some criteria. These criteria are called the C’s of
good and bad loans. These C’s of good loans aredescribed below:
Character:
The outcome of analyzing the character is to have overall idea about the integrity,
experience and business sense of the borrower. Two variables: interaction/interview and
market researchare used to analyze the character of the borrower.
Capital:
Capital is the backbone of a business. For identifying the capital invested in the business
can be disclosed using the followingindicators. a) Financial Statements b) Receivable and
payable statements for practically assess the business position.
Capacity:
Capability of the borrower in running the business is highly emphasized in the time of
selecting agood borrower.
a) Entrepreneurship skills i.e. risk taking attitude.
b) Management competencies both marketing and products detail ability to take decision.
Collateral:
The amount of assets the applicant has available for use in securing the credit. The larger
the amount of available assets, the greater the chance that a firm will recover its funds if
the applicant defaults.A review of the applicant’s balance sheet, asset value appraisals,
and any legal claimsfiled against the applicant’s assets can be used to evaluate its
collateral.
Cash Follow:
Cash flow is the vital factor that is used to identify whether the borrower will have
enough cashto repay the loan or advance. Cash keeps the liquidity to ensure repayment.
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The relationshipmanager tries to identify the annual cash flow from the submitted
statements
.
Conditions:
The current economic and business climate as well as any uniquecircumstances is
affecting either party to the credit transaction. According to Golden and Walker (1993),
there are five Cs of bad loans which represents things to guard against in order to help
prevent problems. They include:
Complacency:
Complacency refers to the tendency to assume that because things were good in thepast
they will be good in the future. Common examples are an over reliance on guarantors,
reported net worth or past loan repayment success.
Carelessness:
Carelessness involves poor underwriting, typically evidenced by inadequate
loandocumentation, a lack of current financial information and a lack of protective
covenants in the loan agreement. Each of thesemakes it difficult to monitor a borrower’s
progress and identify problems before theyare unmanageable.
Communication breakdown:
Loan problems often arise when a bank’s credit objectives and policies are not
clearlycommunicated. This is communication breakdown.
Contingency:
Contingencyrefers to lenders’ tendency to play down or ignore circumstances in which a
loan might in default.
Competition:
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Competitioninvolvescompetitors’ behavior rather than maintaining thebank’s own credit
standards.
4.4.1
Financial Risk 50%
Business/ Industry Risk 18%
Management Risk 12%
Security Risk 10%
Relationship Risk 10%
4.4.2
Grading Short Name Marks Number
Superior SUP 85-100 1
Good GD 75-84 2
Acceptable ACCPT 65-74 3
Marginal/Watch list MG/WL 55-64 4
Special Mention SM 45-54 5
Sub standard SS 35-44 6
Doubtful DF 25-34 7
Bad & Loss BL <25 8
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that difficult task. It is much more difficult to recover the money than disburse it. So to ensure
success of credit management and smooth earning from credit portfolio, strong monitoring
policy, guidelines and procedures are needed.
Southeast Bank limited has a very practical policy and guidelines which was formulated
according to concurrent real banking scenario and is revised regularly according to current
demand of banking industry. They also maintain realistic procedures to accomplish the goals of
monitoring, recovery & collection of credit facilities.
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If these weaknesses are left uncorrected, they may result in deterioration of the repayment
prospects for the asset or in the bank’s credit position at some future date with a likely prospect
of being downgraded or worse within the next twelve months.
Early identification, prompt reporting and proactive management of Early Alert Accounts are
prime credit responsibilities of all Credit Officers/ RMs and must be undertaken on a continuous
basis.
Early Alert Report:
An Early Alert report should be completed by the Credit Officers/RM and sent to the approving
authority for any account that is showing signs of deterioration within seven days from the
identification of weaknesses. The Risk Grade should be updated as soon as possible and no delay
should be taken in referring problem accounts to the Credit Administration Department for
assistance in recovery.
Moreover, regular contact with customers is to be maintained to enhance the likelihood of
developing strategies mutually acceptable to both the customer and the bank.
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4.5.3 Recovery & Collection Policies:
The functions of Recovery is to Supervision of all the loans & Advances, associated
documentation matters, legal matters such as all legal opinions, vetting and completion of
documentation formalities, filing of suits against the defaulting borrowers, follow-up of all types
of court cases, follow-up of all recovery works of classified loans with special emphasis to Top–
20 defaulters, execution of warrant of arrest, physical verification of mortgage properties, liaison
with all panel lawyers and taking over possession of the property possessed by the bank by virtue
of court order.The recovery function includes:
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5.1 Loans and Advances of SEBL, CDA Avenue Branch
53
Loans and Advances of Southeast Bank Limited, CDA Avenue Branch is given below:
Year Loans and Advances
(Taka in Crore)
2008 124.88
2009 168.09
2010 246.49
2011 317.63
2012 365.35
2013 305.48
2014 337.13
2015 257.32
Source: Branch Data Base, 2008-2015
400
350
300
Taka in Crore
250
200 365.35
317.63 305.48 337.13
150 Loans and Advances Amount
257.32
246.49
100 168.09
124.88
50
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
From graphical presentation, it is found that the amount of Loans and Advances is 365.35 (Taka
in Crore) in 2012, which is the highest in position of the diagram. On the other hand in 2008 the
amount is 124.88 (Taka in Crore) which is worst in position of this diagram. The amount of
Loans and Advances has risen sharply from 2008 to 2012 and then fall down in 2013. Again it
has risen in 2014 but fall down in 2015. However we can comment that the overall Loans and
Advances amount of SEBL, CDA Avenue Branch isgood in position.
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5.2 Comparative Statement of Target of Total Loans and
Advances and Achievement of Target (2014 and 2015)
2014 ((July-December) (Taka in Crore)
Month Monthly Target Achievement Achievement of
Target in Percentage
July 329.07 237.41 72.15%
August 332.91 239.22 71.86%
September 336.92 260.44 77.30%
October 340.87 275.36 80.78%
November 344.88 334.51 96.99%
December 350.00 337.13 96.32%
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Achievement of Target in Percentage:
2014 (July-December) and 2015 (July-December)
120.00%
100.00%
80.00%
Fig in Percentage
20.00%
0.00%
l y st be
r
be
r
be
r
be
r
Ju gu m to m
Au e em e
p t Oc v c
Se No De
Months
From graphical presentation, we observe that achievement of target is in good position in 2015
(July-September) than 2014 (July-September) and achievement of target is in worse position in
2015 (October-December) than 2014 (October-December).
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Investment Area Percentage
Agriculture 0.92%
Industry (Other than Working Capital) 22.86%
Working Capital Financing 20.84%
Export Credit 5.75%
Commercial Credit 24.22%
Small and Cottage Industries 0.64%
Others 24.78%
Source: Annual Report, 2015
25% 1% 23%
Agriculture
Industry (Other than Working
Capital)
1% Working Capital Financing
Export Credit
Commercial Credit
Small and Cottage Industries
21% Others
24% 6%
The bigger portion of Southeast Bank’s portfolio consists with Commercial Credit and Industry
Credit. And they also have a great amount of investment in Others Project. But Small and
Cottage Industries have very small investment.
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Southeast Bank strictly follows the rules and regulations of Bangladesh Bank
regardingclassification of loans and advances. The unclassified loans of the bank stood at BDT
2134.014 millionand classified loans stood at BDT 94.66 million as on 31st December, 2015.
(Figure 5.5: Loan and Deposit Ratio of SEBL, CDA Avenue Branch during the period from 2011
to 2015)
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82.00%
80.00%
78.00%
76.00%
74.00%
72.00%
70.00%
68.00%
66.00%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
The above table and graph shows that the ratio of Loan and Deposit of Southest Bank
Limited, CDA Avenue Branch is fluctuated year by year. The Loan and Deposit Ratio
was highest in 2015 and the percentage was 83.13%. However in 2013 it was lowest and
the percentage was 70.82%.
Figure 5.6: Income from Loans and Advances of SEBL, CDA Avenue Branch during the
period from 2011 to 2015 (taka in million)
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34
33
32
31
30
29
28
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Above the table and graph shows the performance of Income from Loans and Advances
ofSouthesr Bank Limited, CDA Avenue Branch are increasing year by year from 2011 to
2015. Income from Loans and Advances was highest in 2015 and the figure was 33.39
million taka. However, in 2011 it was lowest and the figure was 29.95 million taka.
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93%
93% 92%
92%
91% 90%
90% 89%
89% 88%
88%
87%
86%
85%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Figure 5.7 Loan Recovery of SEBL, CDA Avenue Branch during the period from 2011 to
2015 (in percentage)
On the above, the graph showing the recovery position of SEBL, CDA Avenue Branch as
on 31, Dec 2015. In 2015 recovery rate was highest & rate was 93%. But in 2014
recovery rate was lowest, in that year recovery rate was 88%, which are way less than
2015. From 2011 to 2014, we can see recovery rate was fluctuated year by year. The
recovery rate was poor in that period as economy hampered a lot due to political crisis in
recent years.
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6.1 Summary of Findings
62
After analyzing the financial & overall performance of Southeast Bank Limited some findings
have been identified.
The highest amount invested in commercial credit sector which is 24.22% of total amount
of loan.
Working Capital of Financing loan of the branch was 20.84% in 2015 and Industry loan
was second priority & rate was 22.86% of total amount of loan.
Small & cottage Industry loan is not sound in the branch.
The bank uses some modern technology such as CBS. So, their service is better than most
of the bank.
The credit analysts have a strong background in accounting financial statement analysis,
business law and economics along with good negotiating skills. This lessens the
possibility of bad debt.
A systematic loan approval process is maintained.
The most popular loan product is personal loan.
Sometimes bank prepares CRG score based on un-audited balance sheet.
There are eight grades of credit risk. Actually they follow Good- Satisfactory model for
grading the risk.
The total amount of loans & advances is increasing from year to year (Figure 5.1).
The total income from loans and advances is in increasing trend (Figure 5.6).
Loan recovery rate has been improved compared to previous years (Figure-5.7)
There is a small amount of agricultural investment.
6.2 Recommendations
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Southeast Bank Limited is one of the potential banks in the banking sector. The credit
department of Southeast Bank Bank Limited, CDA Avenue Branch is a large and busy branch.
Therefore it is not an easy job to find so many things during the very short period of internship
program. Though now 1 would like to present my recommendations improve the banking service
and make the customer more satisfied.
1) Bank should prepare the CRG score sheet based on audited balance sheet. Because it
shows appropriate position of the firm. So it reduces the credit risk.
2) SEBL liquidity position is better than other banks. So management should hold this
position for the future.
3) Effective decision should be taken by the trust for the more deposit because the more
deposit, the more loans, the more profit & the more investment.
4) Effective and efficient initiative is necessary to recover the default loans.
5) The loan documentation and verification should be done fairly and properly.
6) They should diversify their Loan products.
7) The credit department, strict supervision is necessary to avoid loan defaulters. The bank
official should do regular visit to the projects.
8) SEBL should take initiative for agricultural sectors.
9) SEBL should attract customer to provide loan at minimum rate compare to other bank.
10) SEBL should improve the recovery rate of Loan & Advances.
6.3 Conclusion
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Banking sector is an important vehicle for business. It has no doubt that as a developing country
we need to strengthen our banking sector. Now a days, banks are doing almost same thing but in
a different manner. But all of them intend to work for the welfare of the nation. Southeast Bank
Limited is not different from them.SoutheastBank Limited also plays an important role in our
national economy.
It was huge gratification for me to do my internship program in a venerated organization like
Southeast Bank Limited, CDA Avenue Branch. It presents me ample opportunity to scrutinize
the functions of bank through the superior assistance of its members.
Southeast Bank Limited is a company which has so far shown good performance and holds the
strongest position in the banking market. Overall the bank must make a positive attempt to be
more outward looking in their goals and aware of what is happening.
I hope this internship program will assist me in my career build-up.
6.4 REFERENCES
1. Annual Reports of Southeast Bank Limited.
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2. Southeast Bank Limited, website: www.southeastbank.com.bd
3. Bangladesh Bank website.
4. Previous year’s internship report.
5. Various leaflets of the Bank.
6. Daily affairs of Southeast Bank Limited, CDA AvenueBranch.
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