12/17/21, 2:48 PM 2000090009 AI for DS SKILL-1 - Jupyter Notebook

In [1]: pip install numpy

Requirement already satisfied: numpy in e:\conda mokam\lib\site-packages (1.20.

3)

Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.

In [2]: import numpy as np

In [3]: np.array([1,2,3,4,5])

Out[3]: array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

In [4]: np.array([1,2,3,4],dtype=np.float32)

Out[4]: array([1., 2., 3., 4.], dtype=float32)

In [5]: np.array([1,2.0,3,4])

Out[5]: array([1., 2., 3., 4.])

In [6]: np.array([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8]])

Out[6]: array([[1, 2, 3, 4],

[5, 6, 7, 8]])

In [7]: np.zeros(5)

Out[7]: array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])

In [8]: np.zeros((2,3))

Out[8]: array([[0., 0., 0.],

[0., 0., 0.]])

In [9]: np.ones(5,dtype=np.int32)

Out[9]: array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1])

In [10]: np.random.rand(2,3)

Out[10]: array([[0.38944761, 0.70139605, 0.76542613],

[0.85112384, 0.14305755, 0.15697904]])

In [11]: np.full((2,2),7)

Out[11]: array([[7, 7],

[7, 7]])

In [2]: import numpy as np

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In [3]: np.eye(3)

Out[3]: array([[1., 0., 0.],

[0., 1., 0.],

[0., 0., 1.]])

In [4]: np.eye(3,k=1)

Out[4]: array([[0., 1., 0.],

[0., 0., 1.],

[0., 0., 0.]])

In [5]: np.eye(3,k=-2)

Out[5]: array([[0., 0., 0.],

[0., 0., 0.],

[1., 0., 0.]])

In [6]: np.arange(5)

Out[6]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])

In [7]: np.arange(2,10,2)

Out[7]: array([2, 4, 6, 8])

In [8]: np.linspace(0,1,5)

Out[8]: array([0. , 0.25, 0.5 , 0.75, 1. ])

In [9]: a = np.array([[5,10,15],[20,25,20]])
print('Array :','\n',a)
print('Dimensions :','\n',a.ndim)

Array :

[[ 5 10 15]

[20 25 20]]

Dimensions :

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In [10]: a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
print('Array :','\n',a)
print('Shape :','\n',a.shape)
print('Rows = ',a.shape[0])
print('Columns = ',a.shape[1])

Array :

[[1 2 3]

[4 5 6]]

Shape :

(2, 3)

Rows = 2

Columns = 3

In [11]: a = np.array([[5,10,15],[20,25,20]])
print('Size of array :',a.size)
print('Manual determination of size of array :',a.shape[0]*a.shape[1])

Size of array : 6

Manual determination of size of array : 6

In [12]: a = np.array([3,6,9,12])
np.reshape(a,(2,2))

Out[12]: array([[ 3, 6],

[ 9, 12]])

In [13]: a = np.array([3,6,9,12,18,24])
print('Three rows :','\n',np.reshape(a,(3,-1)))
print('Three columns :','\n',np.reshape(a,(-1,3)))

Three rows :

[[ 3 6]

[ 9 12]

[18 24]]

Three columns :

[[ 3 6 9]

[12 18 24]]

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In [14]: a = np.ones((2,2))
b = a.flatten()
c = a.ravel()
print('Original shape :', a.shape)
print('Array :','\n', a)
print('Shape after flatten :',b.shape)
print('Array :','\n', b)
print('Shape after ravel :',c.shape)
print('Array :','\n', c)

Original shape : (2, 2)

Array :

[[1. 1.]

[1. 1.]]

Shape after flatten : (4,)

Array :

[1. 1. 1. 1.]

Shape after ravel : (4,)

Array :

[1. 1. 1. 1.]

In [15]: b[0] = 0
print(a)

[[1. 1.]

[1. 1.]]

In [16]: c[0] = 0
print(a)

[[0. 1.]

[1. 1.]]

In [17]: a = np.array([[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]])
b = np.transpose(a)
print('Original','\n','Shape',a.shape,'\n',a)
print('Expand along columns:','\n','Shape',b.shape,'\n',b)

Original

Shape (2, 3)

[[1 2 3]

[4 5 6]]

Expand along columns:

Shape (3, 2)

[[1 4]

[2 5]

[3 6]]

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In [18]: a = np.array([1,2,3])
b = np.expand_dims(a,axis=0)
c = np.expand_dims(a,axis=1)
print('Original:','\n','Shape',a.shape,'\n',a)
print('Expand along columns:','\n','Shape',b.shape,'\n',b)
print('Expand along rows:','\n','Shape',c.shape,'\n',c)

Original:

Shape (3,)

[1 2 3]

Expand along columns:

Shape (1, 3)

[[1 2 3]]

Expand along rows:

Shape (3, 1)

[[1]

[2]

[3]]

In [19]: a = np.array([[[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]]])
b = np.squeeze(a, axis=0)
print('Original','\n','Shape',a.shape,'\n',a)
print('Squeeze array:','\n','Shape',b.shape,'\n',b)

Original

Shape (1, 2, 3)

[[[1 2 3]

[4 5 6]]]

Squeeze array:

Shape (2, 3)

[[1 2 3]

[4 5 6]]

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In [20]: a = np.array([[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]])
b = np.squeeze(a, axis=0)
print('Original','\n','Shape',a.shape,'\n',a)
print('Squeeze array:','\n','Shape',b.shape,'\n',b)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)

~\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_10444/3295754265.py in <module>

1 a = np.array([[1,2,3],

2 [4,5,6]])

----> 3 b = np.squeeze(a, axis=0)

4 print('Original','\n','Shape',a.shape,'\n',a)

5 print('Squeeze array:','\n','Shape',b.shape,'\n',b)

<__array_function__ internals> in squeeze(*args, **kwargs)

E:\conda mokam\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\fromnumeric.py in squeeze(a, axis)

1504 return squeeze()

1505 else:

-> 1506 return squeeze(axis=axis)

1507

1508

ValueError: cannot select an axis to squeeze out which has size not equal to on
e

In [21]: a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6])
print(a[1:5:2])

[2 4]

In [22]: a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6])
print(a[1:6:2])

[2 4 6]

In [23]: a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6])
print(a[:6:2])
print(a[1::2])
print(a[1:6:])

[1 3 5]

[2 4 6]

[2 3 4 5 6]

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In [24]: a = np.array([[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]])
print(a[0,0])
print(a[1,2])
print(a[1,0])

In [25]: a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
# print first row values
print('First row values :','\n',a[0:1,:])
# with step-size for columns
print('Alternate values from first row:','\n',a[0:1,::2])
#
print('Second column values :','\n',a[:,1::2])
print('Arbitrary values :','\n',a[0:1,1:3])

First row values :

[[1 2 3]]

Alternate values from first row:

[[1 3]]

Second column values :

[[2]

[5]]

Arbitrary values :

[[2 3]]

In [26]: a = np.array([[[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]],# first axis array

[[7,8],[9,10],[11,12]],# second axis array
[[13,14],[15,16],[17,18]]])# third axis array
# 3-D array
print(a)

[[[ 1 2]

[ 3 4]

[ 5 6]]

[[ 7 8]

[ 9 10]

[11 12]]

[[13 14]

[15 16]

[17 18]]]

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In [27]: print('First array, first row, first column value :','\n',a[0,0,0])

print('First array last column :','\n',a[0,:,1])
print('First two rows for second and third arrays :','\n',a[1:,0:2,0:2])

First array, first row, first column value :

First array last column :

[2 4 6]

First two rows for second and third arrays :

[[[ 7 8]

[ 9 10]]

[[13 14]

[15 16]]]

In [28]: print('Printing as a single array :','\n',a[1:,0:2,0:2].flatten())

Printing as a single array :

[ 7 8 9 10 13 14 15 16]

In [29]: a = np.array([[1,2,3,4,5],
[6,7,8,9,10]])
print(a[:,-1])

[ 5 10]

In [30]: print(a[:,-1:-3:-1])

[[ 5 4]

[10 9]]

In [31]: a = np.array([[1,2,3,4,5],
[6,7,8,9,10]])
print('Original array :','\n',a)
print('Reversed array :','\n',a[::-1,::-1])

Original array :

[[ 1 2 3 4 5]

[ 6 7 8 9 10]]

Reversed array :

[[10 9 8 7 6]

[ 5 4 3 2 1]]

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In [32]: a = np.array([[1,2,3,4,5],
[6,7,8,9,10]])
print('Original array :','\n',a)
print('Reversed array vertically :','\n',np.flip(a,axis=1))
print('Reversed array horizontally :','\n',np.flip(a,axis=0))

Original array :

[[ 1 2 3 4 5]

[ 6 7 8 9 10]]

Reversed array vertically :

[[ 5 4 3 2 1]

[10 9 8 7 6]]

Reversed array horizontally :

[[ 6 7 8 9 10]

[ 1 2 3 4 5]]

In [33]: a = np.arange(0,5)
b = np.arange(5,10)
print('Array 1 :','\n',a)
print('Array 2 :','\n',b)
print('Vertical stacking :','\n',np.vstack((a,b)))
print('Horizontal stacking :','\n',np.hstack((a,b)))

Array 1 :

[0 1 2 3 4]

Array 2 :

[5 6 7 8 9]

Vertical stacking :

[[0 1 2 3 4]

[5 6 7 8 9]]

Horizontal stacking :

[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]

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In [34]: a = np.arange(0,5)
b = np.arange(5,9)
print('Array 1 :','\n',a)
print('Array 2 :','\n',b)
print('Vertical stacking :','\n',np.vstack((a,b)))
print('Horizontal stacking :','\n',np.hstack((a,b)))

Array 1 :

[0 1 2 3 4]

Array 2 :

[5 6 7 8]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)

~\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_10444/1431047334.py in <module>

3 print('Array 1 :','\n',a)

4 print('Array 2 :','\n',b)

----> 5 print('Vertical stacking :','\n',np.vstack((a,b)))

6 print('Horizontal stacking :','\n',np.hstack((a,b)))

<__array_function__ internals> in vstack(*args, **kwargs)

E:\conda mokam\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\shape_base.py in vstack(tup)

281 if not isinstance(arrs, list):

282 arrs = [arrs]

--> 283 return _nx.concatenate(arrs, 0)

284

285

<__array_function__ internals> in concatenate(*args, **kwargs)

ValueError: all the input array dimensions for the concatenation axis must matc
h exactly, but along dimension 1, the array at index 0 has size 5 and the array
at index 1 has size 4

In [35]: a = [[1,2],[3,4]]
b = [[5,6],[7,8]]
c = np.dstack((a,b))
print('Array 1 :','\n',a)
print('Array 2 :','\n',b)
print('Dstack :','\n',c)
print(c.shape)

Array 1 :

[[1, 2], [3, 4]]

Array 2 :

[[5, 6], [7, 8]]

Dstack :

[[[1 5]

[2 6]]

[[3 7]

[4 8]]]

(2, 2, 2)

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In [36]: a = np.arange(0,5).reshape(1,5)
b = np.arange(5,10).reshape(1,5)
print('Array 1 :','\n',a)
print('Array 2 :','\n',b)
print('Concatenate along rows :','\n',np.concatenate((a,b),axis=0))
print('Concatenate along columns :','\n',np.concatenate((a,b),axis=1))

Array 1 :

[[0 1 2 3 4]]

Array 2 :

[[5 6 7 8 9]]

Concatenate along rows :

[[0 1 2 3 4]

[5 6 7 8 9]]

Concatenate along columns :

[[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]]

In [37]: # append values to ndarray

a = np.array([[1,2],
[3,4]])
np.append(a,[[5,6]], axis=0)

Out[37]: array([[1, 2],

[3, 4],

[5, 6]])

In [38]: a = np.arange(10,20,2)
b = np.array([[2],[2]])
print('Adding two different size arrays :','\n',a+b)
print('Multiplying an ndarray and a number :',a*2)

Adding two different size arrays :

[[12 14 16 18 20]

[12 14 16 18 20]]

Multiplying an ndarray and a number : [20 24 28 32 36]

In [39]: a = np.ones((3,3))
b = np.array([2])
a+b

Out[39]: array([[3., 3., 3.],

[3., 3., 3.],

[3., 3., 3.]])

In [40]: a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [6,7,8,9,10]
%timeit a+b

81.9 ns ± 1.91 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000000 loops each)

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In [41]: a = np.arange(1,6)
b = np.arange(6,11)
%timeit a+b

447 ns ± 16.6 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)

In [42]: print('Subtract :',a-5)

print('Multiply :',a*5)
print('Divide :',a/5)
print('Power :',a**2)
print('Remainder :',a%5)

Subtract : [-4 -3 -2 -1 0]

Multiply : [ 5 10 15 20 25]

Divide : [0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1. ]

Power : [ 1 4 9 16 25]

Remainder : [1 2 3 4 0]

In [43]: a = np.arange(5,15,2)
print('Mean :',np.mean(a))
print('Standard deviation :',np.std(a))
print('Median :',np.median(a))

Mean : 9.0

Standard deviation : 2.8284271247461903

Median : 9.0

In [44]: a = np.array([[1,6],
[4,3]])
# minimum along a column
print('Min :',np.min(a,axis=0))
# maximum along a row
print('Max :',np.max(a,axis=1))

Min : [1 3]

Max : [6 4]

In [45]: a = np.array([[1,6,5],
[4,3,7]])
# minimum along a column
print('Min :',np.argmin(a,axis=0))
# maximum along a row
print('Max :',np.argmax(a,axis=1))

Min : [0 1 0]

Max : [1 2]

In [46]: a = np.array([1,4,2,5,3,6,8,7,9])
np.sort(a, kind='quicksort')

Out[46]: array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

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In [48]: a = np.array([[5,6,7,4],
[9,2,3,7]])# sort along the column
print('Sort along column :','\n',np.sort(a, kind='mergresort',axis=1))
# sort along the row
print('Sort along row :','\n',np.sort(a, kind='mergresort',axis=0))

Sort along column :

[[4 5 6 7]

[2 3 7 9]]

Sort along row :

[[5 2 3 4]

[9 6 7 7]]

In [57]: import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy import misc
​
# read image
im = misc.imread('./original.jpg')
# image
im

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)

~\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_10444/791722798.py in <module>

5 # read image

----> 6 im = misc.imread('./original.jpg')

7 # image

8 im

AttributeError: module 'scipy.misc' has no attribute 'imread'

In [ ]: ​

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