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Aspects of Connected Speech: Readings
Aspects of Connected Speech: Readings
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ASPECTS OF CONNECTED SPEECH
Readings
Roach, P. 2010. English Phonetics and Phonology. A Practical Course. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. 134‐149.
Key terms
Assimilation (manner, place, voice)
Close juncture
Coalescent assimilation
Elision
External open juncture
Foot
Intrusive r
Juncture
Linking
Linking r
Progressive assimilation
Regressive assimilation
Rhythm
Stress‐timed rhythm
Syllable‐timed rhythm
Zero realization
Practice
1. Divide the following sentences up into feet, using a single vertical line (|) as a boundary symbol:
1. We are planning to go to Japan for Christmas.
2. John thinks of joining the Red Cross organization after graduating from the university.
3. Why are looking at her like that?
4. Who are the top mountaineers in the world?
5. Sir James Black made a number of contributions in cardiology.
2. Draw tree diagrams of the rhythmical structure of the following words and phrases:
1. publish
2. escalator
3. sunglasses
4. thirty children
5. thirty children playing games
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3. Following the rules of assimilation, underline the phoneme that is realized differently as a
result of being near some other phoneme belonging to a neighbouring word, write the
transcription of the phrase and indicate the type of assimilation. The first is done for you (adapted
from Bowler and Cunningham 2001: 52; English Phonology and PhoneticsAssimilation
http://www.scribd.com/doc/6589044/English‐Phonology‐and‐Phonetics‐Assimilation;
Kelly 2001: 109‐110; Collins and Mees 2003: 106):
i. [t] changes to [p] before [m] [b] or [p]
white coffee →
short cut →
credit card →
street credibility →
white gloves →
cut glass →
that girl →
fat goat →
bright green →
iii. [d] changes to [b] before [m] [b] or [p]
Good morning →
grand master →
red mask →
blood bank →
red brick →
good boy →
hard path →
bad pain →
red pepper →
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iv. [d] changes to [g] before [k] or [g]
bad cold →
second class →
red cross →
sand castle →
hard copy →
red gate →
kid‐gloves →
good girl →
closed game →
field glasses →
v. [n] changes to [m] before [m] [b] or [p]
in March →
ten men →
open market →
gone back →
chicken breast →
green bean →
down payment →
pen pal →
tin plate →
vi. [n] changes to [ŋ] before [k] or [g]
painkiller →
one cup →
green card →
open court →
roman calendar →
green grass →
main gate →
common ground →
action group →
iron curtain →
vii. [s] changes to [ʃ] before [ʃ] or [j]
nice shoes →
spaceship →
bus shelter →
dress shop →
nice shirt →
this shiny one →
this year →
those years →
nice yacht →
this yogurt →
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viii. [z] changes to [ʒ] before [ʃ] or [j]
those shops →
these shoes →
rose show →
these sheep →
cheese shop →
news sheet →
wise youngster →
Where’s yours? →
is young →
is youthful →
ix. [θ] changes to [s] before [s]
fifth season →
bath salts →
birth certificate →
earth science →
both sides →
both sexes →
fourth summer →
north south →
fifth set →
bath seat →
x. Yod coalescence.
[t] merges with [j] to produce [tʃ]; [d] merges with [j] to produce [dʒ]
suit yourself →
last year →
Didn’t you…? →
what you need →
I bet you →
Would you …? →
Could you…? →
Did you…? →
educate →
you had yours →
4. Do the gap filling exercise on Yod Coalescence on
http://davidbrett.uniss.it/phonology/notes%20and%20exercises/yod%20coal/yodCloze/
yodCloze.html.
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5. Fill in the table providing examples of the assimilation of manner and the assimilation of voice.
Assimilation of manner Assimilation of voice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Fill in the table providing examples of different cases of elision.
a lecture on history dead or alive
a picture of a city sooner or later
a teacher of English ask for a favour
a tour of Scotland German or English
the Tower of London partner and colleague