0800MET203122002

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APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Scheme for Valuation/Answer Key
Scheme of evaluation (marks in brackets) and answers of problems/key
Third Semester B.Tech Degree (R) Examination December 2020 (2019 scheme)
Course Code: MET203
Course Name: MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks Marks
1 Higher (1). Explanation with surface tension with diagram - 2 marks 3
2 Definition of hydrostatic force and centre of pressure with figure 1.5 marks 3
each
3 Definition of kinematics- 1 mark. Importance of kinematics 2 marks 3
4 Property Viscosity 1 mark. Explanation 2 marks 3
5 Definition-hydraulic grade line 1 mark. Difference showing with figure 2 3
marks
6 Definition of static, dynamic, and hydrostatic pressure 0. 5 mark each. Reason 3
with Bernoulli equation 1.5 marks
7 Definition equivalent length for minor loss 1 mark. Statement of relationship 3
with loss coefficient 2 marks
8 Figure of obstruction type flowmeters 1 mark. Comparison 2 marks 3
9 Definition boundary layer with figure 1 mark. Reason for velocity gradient 2 3
10 Three reasons for nondimensionalizing an equation 1 mark each 3
Part A Total 30
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 14 marks
Module 1
11a Definition volume flow rate and mass flow rate with equations and SI units 2 8
marks each. Comparison with density variation and pressure variation 4
marks
11b Definition of hydrostatic pressure 2 marks. Equation 2 marks. Explanation 6
with equation 2 marks

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12a Difference by writing equations and properties 2 marks each 6

12b Figure 2 marks. Specific gravity to density conversion 2 marks. Hydrostatic 8
pressure calculation 2 marks. Adding with local atmospheric pressure – total
absolute pressure 2 marks.
𝑘𝑔
𝜌 = 0.8 × 1000 = 800
𝑚3
𝑃 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ
1
𝑃 = 98𝑘𝑃𝑎 + 800 × 9.81 × 0.5 ×
1000
𝑷 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟗𝟐𝒌𝑷𝒂
Module 2
13 Definition of velocity potential function 4 marks. Equations for u, v 14
component of velocity 2 marks each. Answer with substituting the points 6
marks.
𝜑 = 10(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
𝝏𝝋
𝒖= = 𝟐𝟎𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎
𝝏𝒙
𝝏𝝋
𝒗= = −𝟐𝟎𝒚 = −𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝝏𝒚
𝑉 = 80𝑖 − 100𝑗
14 Two-dimensional continuity equation statement 4 marks. Apply the given 14
velocity components showing the result 10 marks
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
+ =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝟔−𝟔=𝟎
The flow satisfies law of conservation of mass.
Module 3
15a Calculation mass flow rate through the nozzle 2 marks, Exit area by 4
continuity equation 2 marks
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒, 𝑚̇ = 𝜌𝐴𝑉
𝒎̇ = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖 × 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝒌𝒈/𝒔
𝜌2 𝐴2 𝑉2 = 0.53
𝟎. 𝟓𝟑
𝑨𝟐 = = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝟒𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝟎. 𝟕𝟔 × 𝟏𝟖𝟎
15b Calculate initial and final mass =5 marks, difference correct answer 5 marks 10

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Answer = 6.02 kg.

16a Answer, No- 2 marks. 4
Reason: Mass flow rate not the same, density varies- 2 marks
16b Bernoulli equation 3 marks, simplification 3 marks, determination of velocity 10
2 marks, discharge 2 marks
𝑃1 𝑉12 𝑃2 𝑉22
+ + 𝑍1 = + + 𝑍2
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌𝑔 2𝑔
(300 × 1000) 100 × 1000 𝑉22
+0+3= + +0
1000 × 9.81 1000 × 9.81 2 × 9.81
𝑉2 = 21.42𝑚/𝑠
𝟎. 𝟏𝟐
𝑸 = 𝑨𝟐 × 𝑽𝟐 = 𝝅 × 𝟐𝟏. 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝒎𝟑 /𝒔
𝟒
Module 4
17a Answer: water- 2 marks. Reason: Definition of Reynold number – 2 marks 4
17b Equation for head loss, laminar flow, each term units 6 marks, Correct answer 10
for each division 1 mark.
∆𝑷𝝅𝑫𝟒
𝑸 = 𝑨𝒄 𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒈 =
𝟏𝟐𝟖𝝁𝑳
𝟑𝟐𝝁𝑳𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒈
∆𝑷 =
𝑫𝟐
∆𝑷𝑫𝟐
𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒈 =
𝟑𝟐𝝁𝑳
18a Definition 3 marks, Circular pipe formula 2 marks 5
18b (a)Pressure drop equation and substitution = 3marks (b) the head loss = 3 9
marks (c) the pumping power requirement to overcome this pressure drop =
3 marks
𝝆𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒈 𝑫
𝑹𝒆 =
𝝁
999.7 × 1,2 × 0.2 × 10−2
𝑅𝑒 = = 1836
1.307 × 10−3
𝟔𝟒
Flow is laminar, hence friction factor, 𝒇 = 𝑹𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟖

𝒇𝑳𝝆𝑽𝟐𝒂𝒗𝒈
Pressure drop, ∆𝒑𝑳 = = 𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟖𝟔𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝟐𝑫

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∆𝒑𝑳
Head loss, 𝒉𝑳 = = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟔𝒎
𝝆𝒈

The pumping power requirement to overcome this pressure drop, 𝑾𝑷 =

𝑸∆𝑷𝑳
𝝅 × 𝟎. 𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒
𝑸 = 𝑨𝒄 𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒈 = 𝟏. 𝟐
𝟒
𝑾𝑷 = 𝑸∆𝑷𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝑾

Module 5
19a 1. False- 2 marks 8
2. False- 2 marks
3. True- 2 marks
4. False- 2 marks

19b All primary dimensions of the universal ideal gas constant Ru - 6 marks 6
20a Formulation – 4 marks, a set of dimensionless groups - 6 marks 10
∆𝒑 𝝁 𝒍 𝒆
= 𝒇 ( , , )
𝝆𝑽𝟐 𝝆𝑽𝑫 𝑫 𝑫
20b Expression- local friction coefficient change with position-2, Reason – 4
2marks
𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟒
Local friction coefficient, laminar flat plate, 𝑪𝒇,𝒙 =
√𝑹𝒆𝒙

𝝆𝑽𝒙
𝑹𝒆𝒙 =
𝝁
Part B Total 70
Part A + Part B 100

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