Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

BAB III
MASS BALANCE DAN PROFIL HIDROLIS

3.1 MASS BALANCE

Keadaan dan karakteristik air buangan pada inlet di saluran pembawa :
Qave = 0,116 m3/dt = 10022,4 m3/hari
Qpeak = 0,3013 m3/dt = 26032,3 m3/hari
Qmax = 0,1738 m3/dt = 15016,3 m3/hari
Qmin = 0,056 m3/dt = 4838,4 m3/hari
 BOD = 100 mg/l
 COD = 250 mg/l
 TSS = 120 mg/l
 N = 20 mg/l
 P = 4 mg/l

Pada saat inlet melalu bar screen tidak mengalami removal sama sekali
sehingga pada saat masuk ke dalam grit chamber kondisi/ karakteristik air buangan
adalah tetap sama.

GRIT CHAMBER

Inlet
1 Q ave = 10022.4 m3/hari
2 BOD = 100 mg/l
3 M BOD = Qpeak*BOD = 1002.24 kg/hari
4 TSS = 120 mg/l
5 M TSS = Qpeak*TSS = 1202.69 kg/hari
6 COD = 250 mg/l
7 M COD = Qpeak*COD = 2505.6 kg/hari
8 N = 20 mg/l
9 M N = Qpeak*N = 200.4 kg/hari
1
0 P = 4 mg/l
1
1 M P = Qpeak*P = 40.09 kg/hari

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 Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

Removal
1 M BOD = 4%*M BOD = 40.09 kg/hari
2 M TSS = 10%*M TSS = 120.27 kg/hari
3 M COD = 4%*M COD = 100.22 kg/hari
4 kadar air = 94 %
5 Sg = 1.03
6 massa jenis air = 1 gr/cm3
7 Massa Lumpur = M TSS / (100-94)% = 20.04 kg/hari
8 Debit Lumpur = massa lumpur / Sg / 1000 = 0.019 m3/hari

Outlet
1 M BODeff = M BODin - M BOD remov = 962.15 kg/hari
2 BOD eff = M BOD eff * 1000/Qin = 96.00 mg/l
3 M TSS eff = M TSSin - M TSS remov = 1082.42 kg/hari
4 TSS eff = M TSSeff * 1000 / Qin = 108.00 mg/l
5 M COD eff = M CODin - M COD remov = 2405.38 kg/hari
6 COD eff = M CODeff * 1000 / Qin = 240.00 mg/l
7 N eff = 20 mg/l
8 Peff = 4 mg/l

PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION

Inlet
10022.38
1 Q in = 1 m3/hari
2 BOD = 96.00 mg/l
3 M BOD = Qpeak*BOD = 962.15 kg/hari
4 TSS = 108.00 mg/l
5 M TSS = Qpeak*TSS = 1082.42 kg/hari
6 COD = 240.00 mg/l
7 M COD = Qpeak*COD = 2405.371 kg/hari
8 N = 20 mg/l
9 M N = Qpeak*N = 200.4 kg/hari
1
0 P = 4 mg/l
1
1 M P = Qpeak*P = 40.09 kg/hari

Removal

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 Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

336.7
=
1 M BOD = 35%*M BOD 5 kg/hari
649.4
=
2 M TSS = 60%*M TSS 5 kg/hari
841.8
=
3 M COD = 35%*M COD 8 kg/hari
4 kadar air = 94 %
5 Sg = 1.03
6 massa jenis air = 1 gr/cm3
108.2
=
7 Massa Lumpur = M TSS / (100-94)% 4 kg/hari
8 Debit Lumpur = massa lumpur / Sg / 1000 = 0.105 m3/hari
9 M N = 20%*M N = 40.09 kg/hari
1
=
0 M P = 20%*M P 8.02 kg/hari

Outlet
1 M BODeff = M BODin - M BOD remov = 625.4 kg/hari
2 BOD eff = M BOD eff * 1000/Qin = 62.40 mg/l
3 M TSS eff = M TSSin - M TSS remov = 433.0 kg/hari
4 TSS eff = M TSSeff * 1000 / Qin = 43.20 mg/l
5 M COD eff = M CODin - M COD remov = 1563.5 kg/hari
6 COD eff = M CODeff * 1000 / Qin = 156.00 mg/l
7 M N eff = M N in - M N remov = 160.4 kg/hari
8 N eff = M Neff * 1000 / Qin = 16 mg/l
9 M P eff = M P in - M P remov = 32.07 kg/hari
10 P eff = M Peff * 1000 / Qin = 3.2 mg/l

PENGOLAHAN BIOLOGIS OXIDATION DITCH

Inlet
10022.27
1 Q in = 5 m3/hari
2 BOD = 62.40 mg/l
3 M BOD = Qpeak*BOD = 625.39 kg/hari
4 TSS = 43.20 mg/l
5 M TSS = Qpeak*TSS = 432.96 kg/hari
6 COD = 156.00 mg/l
7 M COD = Qpeak*COD = 1563.475 kg/hari
8 N = 16 mg/l
9 M N = Qpeak*N = 160.4 kg/hari
1
0 P = 32.07 mg/l

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 Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

1
1 M P = Qpeak*P = 321.43 kg/hari

Removal
1 M BOD = 85%*M BOD = 531.58 kg/hari
2 M TSS = 85%*M TSS = 368.02 kg/hari
1328.9
=
3 M COD = 85%*M COD 5 kg/hari
4 kadar air = 94 %
5 Sg = 1.03
6 massa jenis air = 1 gr/cm3
7 Massa Lumpur = M TSS / (100-94)% = 61.34 kg/hari
8 Debit Lumpur = massa lumpur / Sg / 1000 = 0.060 m3/hari
9 M N = 70%*M N = 112.25 kg/hari
1
=
0 M P = 0%*M P 0.00 kg/hari

Outlet
1 M BODeff = M BODin - M BOD remov = 93.8 kg/hari
2 BOD eff = M BOD eff * 1000/Qin = 9.36 mg/l
3 M TSS eff = M TSSin - M TSS remov = 64.9 kg/hari
4 TSS eff = M TSSeff * 1000 / Qin = 6.48 mg/l
5 M COD eff = M CODin - M COD remov = 234.5 kg/hari
6 COD eff = M CODeff * 1000 / Qin = 23.40 mg/l
7 M N eff = M N in - M N remov = 48.1 kg/hari
8 N eff = M Neff * 1000 / Qin = 4.8 mg/l
9 Peff = 3.2 mg/l

SECONDARY CLARIFIER

Inlet
10022.21
1 Q in = 6 m3/hari
2 BOD = 9.36 mg/l
3 M BOD = Qpeak*BOD = 93.81 kg/hari
4 TSS = 6.48 mg/l
5 M TSS = Qpeak*TSS = 64.94 kg/hari
6 COD = 23.40 mg/l
7 M COD = Qpeak*COD = 234.5199 kg/hari
8 N = 4.8 mg/l
9 M N = Qpeak*N = 48.1 kg/hari

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 Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

1
0 P = 3.2 mg/l
1
1 M P = Qpeak*P = 32.07 kg/hari

Removal
1 M BOD = 0%*M BOD = 0.00 kg/hari
2 M TSS = 85%*M TSS = 55.20 kg/hari
3 M COD = 0%*M COD = 0.00 kg/hari
4 kadar air = 94 %
5 Sg = 1.03
6 massa jenis air = 1 gr/cm3
7 Massa Lumpur = M TSS / (100-94)% = 9.20 kg/hari
8 Debit Lumpur = massa lumpur / Sg / 1000 = 0.009 m3/hari

Outlet
1 M BODeff = M BODin - M BOD remov = 93.8 kg/hari
2 BOD eff = M BOD eff * 1000/Qin = 9.36 mg/l
3 M TSS eff = M TSSin - M TSS remov = 9.7 kg/hari
4 TSS eff = M TSSeff * 1000 / Qin = 0.97 mg/l
5 M COD eff = M CODin - M COD remov = 234.5 kg/hari
6 COD eff = M CODeff * 1000 / Qin = 23.40 mg/l
7 M N eff = M N in - M N remov = 48.1 kg/hari
8 N eff = M Neff * 1000 / Qin = 4.8 mg/l
9 M P eff = M P in - M P remov = 32.07 kg/hari
10 P eff = M Peff * 1000 / Qin = 3.2 mg/l

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 Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

3.2 PROFIL HIDROLIS

- Sumur Pengumpul
 Elevasi awal = + 20 m
 Headloss di pintu air
HL saluran berpintu = 1/3 x hf saluran
= 1/3 x.0,013 m
= 4,33 . 10-3 m
HL pintu air = Headloss sal. Berpintu / (1 – β2)
= 4,33 . 10-3 m / (1 – 0,992)
= 0,217 m
 Head pompa = 2,75 m
 Elevasi akhir = + 22,533 m

- Saluran Pembawa
 Dimensi yang digunakan adalah:
Panjang (P) = 12.5 m
Tinggi (H) = 0.44 m + 0.3 m (free board) = 0.74 m
Lebar (L) = 0.9 m
 Jari-jari hidrolis saluran
L×H 0 . 9×0. 74
R= = = 0 . 27 m
( L+2 H ) (0 . 9+(2×0 . 74 ))
 Kemiringan saluran (s)

Rachmanu Eko H ( 3308 100 081 ) - 20 -

 Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

2 2
v×n 0 . 9×0 . 015
[ ] [
s= 2/ 3 =
R 0 .27 2/3 ]
=1. 04×10−3 m/m

 Kehilangan tekanan(Hf)

 Hf =s×P=1.04×10−3 m/m× 12. 5=0.013m

 Elevasi awal = + 22,533 m
 Headloss = 0,013 m
 Elevasi akhir = + 22,52 m

- Bar Screen
 Direncanakan :
Kemiringan batang terhadap horisontal = 60°
Jarak antar batang (b) = 0.03 m
Diameter batang (w) = 0.008 m
Faktor bentuk batang (β) = 1.79 (circular)
 Kehilangan Tekanan (Hf) :

Dalam keadaan tidak tersumbat

hv = (V max)2 / 2g = 0.92 / (2 . 9.81)
= 0.041 m
4/3
w
Hf = β
[]
b hv . sin α
4 /3
0 . 02
Hf = 1.79
[ ] 0 . 03 . 0.041. sin 60
= 0.037m

Dalam keadaan clogging

2 2
[V ' max ] − [V sal . pembawa ] 1
x
Hf = 2g 0 .7
[1.8]2 − [0.9]2 1
x
= 2 . 9.81 0.7

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 Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

= 0.177 m
 Elevasi awal = + 22,52 m
 Headloss = 0,177 m
 Elevasi akhir = + 22,343 m

- Grit Chamber
 Elevasi awal = + 22,343 m
 Headloss di saluran 1 :
Mayor Losses
2 1
1 bxh hf
V =
[ ][ ]
n b + 2h
3
L
2

2 1
1 1,2 x 0,6 hf
0.5 =
[ ][ ]
0,015 1,2+ (2.0,6 )
3
5
2

hf = 1,4 . 10-3 m

Slope = hf/L = 1,4 . 10-3 m / 5 m

= 2,8. 10-4

Head kecepatan (hv) :

2
V 0,52
= =
hv 2g 2(9,81) = 0,013 m

Headloss total saluran 1 :

= hf + hv
= 0,0014 m + 0.013 m
= 0.00144 m
 Headloss di saluran 2 :
Mayor Losses
2 1
1 Lxh hf
V =
[ ][ ]
n L+ 2 h
3
P
2

2 1
1 1,1 x 0, 75 hf
0.3 =
[ ][ ]
0 ,015 1,1 + (2 x 0,75)
3
2
2

Rachmanu Eko H ( 3308 100 081 ) - 22 -

 Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

hf = 1,87 x 10-4 m

Slope = hf/L = 1,87 x 10-4 m / 2 m

= 9,35 x 10-5

Head kecepatan (hv)

2 2
V 0,3
= =
hv 2g 2(9,81) = 0,005 m
Headloss total saluran 2 :
= hf + hv
= 1,87 x 10-4 m + 0.005 m
= 0,005187 m
 Headloss saluran 1 & 2 = 0,006627 m
 Headloss di pintu air
HL saluran berpintu = 1/3 x (hf total saluran sebelum pintu)
= 1/3 x 0.00526 m
= 1.75 . 10-3 m
HL pintu air = Headloss sal. Berpintu / (1 – β2)
= 1.75 . 10-3 m / (1 – 0,992)
= 0,088 m
 Headloss saluran ke BP 1 = 0,005657 m
 Elevasi akhir = + 22,242 m

- Bak Pengendap 1
 Elevasi awal = + 22,242 m
 Headloss di saluran pembagi
Mayor Losses (hf)
2 1
1 Lxh hf
V =
[ ][ ]
0,015 L + 2h
3
P
2

2 1
1 1 x 0,7 hf
0,3 =
[ ][ ]
0,015 1 + (2 x0.7)
3
26.8
2

hf = 2.8 . 10-3 m

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 Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

Slope = hf/L = 2.8 . 10-3 m / 26.8 m

= 1.05 . 10-4 m/m

Head kecepatan (hv)

2 2
V 0.3
= =
hv 2g 2(9,81) = 4.587 . 10-3 m

Headloss total = hf + hv
= 2.8 . 10-3 m + 4.587 . 10-3 m
= 7.387.10-3 m
 Headloss di pintu air
HL saluran berpintu = 1/3 x (hf total saluran sebelum pintu)
= 1/3 x 7.387.10-3 m
= 2.462 . 10-3 m
HL pintu air = Headloss sal. Berpintu / (1 – β2)
= 2.462 . 10-3 m / (1 – 0,992)
= 0.124 m
 Headloss saluran outlet = 0,004149 m
 Elevasi akhir = + 22,107 m

- Oxidation Ditch
 Elevasi awal = + 22,107 m
 Headloss saluran pembawa = 0,0072 m
 Headloss pipa outlet = 0,00784 m
 Elevasi akhir = + 22,092 m

- Secondary Clarifier (BP II)

 Elevasi awal = + 22,092 m
 Headloss pipa pembawa = 0,00784 m
 Elevasi akhir = + 22,084 m

- Sludge Treatment
 Elevasi awal = + 22,084 m

Rachmanu Eko H ( 3308 100 081 ) - 24 -

 Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Limbah Kota Trenggalek

 Headloss thickener = 7,163 x 10-3 m

 Headloss pipa inlet = 0,0085 m
 Headloss pipa outlet = 0,0065 m
 Headloss pipa digester = 0,239 m
 Headloss pipa influen SDB = 0,000144 m
 Elevasi akhir = + 21,822 m

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