INTERNAL ASSESSMENT TEST 2

Date : 4-4-2018 Max Marks: 40

Subject & Code : Mechanical Measurements and Metrology Sec : A/B/C
Name of faculty : MM/VR/CM Time : 11.30-1pm
Note: Answer FIVE full questions, selecting any ONE full question from each part. Marks
PART 1
1 Explain briefly the different types of fit and show them by neat schematic 8
diagram.
2 a Classify plain gauges according to their type, purpose, form of tested surface 6
and design.
b What do you mean by geometric tolerances? 2
PART 2
3 a Explain with neat sketch the significance of hole basis and shaft basis system 5
b Discuss several types of tolerances 3
4 Classify comparators on the basis of working principle and explain with neat sketch 8
any one of them
PART 3
5 Explain with neat sketch of tool makers microscope 8
6 a Calculate the limits of tolerance and allowance for a 25mm shaft and hole pair 5
designated H8d9.
b Why tolerances are specified. 3

7 Determine the actual dimensions to be provided for a shaft and hole of 80mm 8
size for H8e9 type clearance fit size. Value of fundamental deviation for “e”
type shaft is −11D0.41.Also design the GO and NOGO gauge as per the British
system in which the same workshop and inspection gauges are used.
8 a. Derive an expression for the three wire method. 5
b. What are the important characteristics of dial indicator? 3

9 Explain with neat sketch the method of measuring minor diameter of screw 8
thread.
10 Write short notes on (i) Ring gauge (ii) Snap gauge 8

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

 1. Explain briefly the different types of fit and show them by neat schematic diagram.
Ans:
Clearance fit:

Clearance fit is arises at the Diameter of the shaft is smaller then the hole.

The minimum diameter of hole is grater then large diameter of the shaft.

Clearance value is positive when in this type of fit.

Maximum Clearance: It is the difference between the maximum size of hole and minimum size
of shaft.

Minimum clearance : It is the difference between the maximum size of shaft and minimum size
of the hole.

Transition fit:
The transition fit is obtained. when the diameter of the largest hole is grater then diameter of the
smallest hole.

The transition fit is two types they are.

Wringing Fit

Push fit

Wringing fit: It is provides either zero interference or clearance.Wringing fit is used where parts
can be replaced with out difficulty during minor repairs.

Example of Wringing fit :gears of machine tools.

Push fit:The push fit is characterized by it is clearance.It is used for parts,that must be
dissembled for during operations of a machine

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

 Interferance fit

The interference type of fit the minimum allowable diameter of the shaft is larger then the
maximum permissible diameter of the hole as the diameter of the shaft is larger then the diameter
of hole.

• The hole and shaft are intended to be attached permanently

The interference fits are classified into 3 types they are.

o Force fit
o Tight fit
o Heavy Force and shrink fit

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

2.a Classify plain gauges according to their type, purpose, form of tested surface and
design.

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

2(b) What do you mean by geometric tolerances?

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) is a system for defining and

communicating engineering tolerances. It uses a symbolic language on engineering drawings and
computer-generated three-dimensional solid models that explicitly describes nominal geometry and
its allowable variation. It tells the manufacturing staff and machines what degree of accuracy and
precision is needed on each controlled feature of the part. GD&T is used to define the nominal
(theoretically perfect) geometry of parts and assemblies, to define the allowable variation in form and
possible size of individual features, and to define the allowable variation between features.

3.a Explain with neat sketch the significance of hole basis and shaft basis system

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

3b.Discuss several types of tolerances

Ans: A unilateral tolerance exists when a target dimension is given along with a tolerance that
allows variation to occur in only one direction.

A bilateral tolerance exists if the variation from a target dimension is shown occurring in both
the positive and negative directions

4. Classify comparators on the basis of working principle and explain with neat sketch any
one of them

Ans. 1.Mechanical Comparator: It works on gears pinions, linkages, levers, springs etc.

2. Pneumatic Comparator: Pneumatic comparator works by using high pressure air, valves,back
pressure etc.

3. Optical Comparator: Optical comparator works by using lens, mirrors, light source etc.

4. Electrical Comparator: Works by using step up, step down transformers.

5. Electronic Comparator: It works by using amplifier, digital signal etc.

6. Combined Comparator: The combination of any two of the above types can give the best
result

• . Pneumatic Comparators

• (Solex Gauge):

• Principle:

• It works on the principle of pressure difference generated by the air flow. Air is supplied
at constant pressure through the orifice and the air escapes in the form of jets through a
restricted space which exerts a back pressure. The variation in the back pressure is then
used to find the dimensions of a component.

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

5.Explain with neat sketch of tool makers microscope

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

 • The main parts of the instrument are:

• 1. Rotatable table

• 2. Swing able head

• 3. Projection screen

• 4. Objective lens

• 5. Measuring stage

• 6. Ocular

• 7. Micrometers

• 8. Prism.

• A tool maker microscope is a type of a multi functional device that is primarily used for
measuring tools and apparatus. These microscopes are widely used and commonly seen
inside machine and tools manufacturing industries and factories. These microscopes are
also inside electronics production houses and in aeronautic parts factories.

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

6. a Calculate the limits of tolerance and allowance for a 25mm shaft and hole pair
designated H8d9.

Ans: D=√18×30 = 23.2mm

i= 1.308 microns

For hole quality 8,

=25i=25×1.3=32.5 microns

For H hole,F.D is 0

Hence hole limits,

25.000mm and 25+0.033mm=25.033mm

Hole tolerance =25.033-25.000=0.033mm

For shaft quality 9,Fundamental tolerance= 40i=40×1.3=52microns.

Fundamental deviation from table is =-16D0.44=-65microns

Shaft limits,25.000-0.065=24.935mm

25-(0.65+0.052)=24.883mm

Tolerance=24.935-24.883=0.052mm

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

6b. Why tolerance are specified.

Ans: Ideal conditions would call for parts without any kind of dimensional variation,but in actual
practice it is impossible due to following reasons:

a)variation in the properties of material being machined introduce errors.

b) production machines themselves have some inherent inaccuraciesbuilt into them and have
limitation to produce perfect parts.

c)it is impossible for an operator to make perfect setting.

7. Determine the actual dimensions to be provided for a shaft and hole of 80mm size for H 8-
e9 type clearance fit size. Value of fundamental deviation for “e” type shaft is −11D0.41.Also
design the GO and NOGO gauge as per the British system in which the same workshop
and inspection gauges are used.

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus
8a. Derive an expression for the three wire method.

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

8b.What are the important characteristics of dial indicator?

• . It should give trouble free and dependable readings over a long period.

• 2. The pressure required on measuring head to obtain zero reading must remain constant

over the whole range.

• 3. The pointer should indicate the direction of movement of the measuring plunger.

• 4. The accuracy of the readings should be within close limits of the various sizes and
ranges

• 5. The movement of the measuring plunger should be in either direction without affecting
the accuracy.

9. Explain with neat sketch the method of measuring minor diameter of screw thread.

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus
 10. Write short notes on (i) Ring gauge (ii) Snap gauge

B.E/4th Semester PESIT-Bangalore South Campus