SCLP SAMAJ SCHOOL %

(LANGATA CAMPUS)
CAT 4 5TH OCTOBER 2021
8:00 am – 10:00 am
Surname: Other names:

Class: Adm. No: Teacher:

PEARSON Edexcel
International Advanced Subsidiary Level - FORM – 5
TOPIC 1C: CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND RISK

Paper Reference Marks scored

Time: 1 hour 30 mins WBI11

Out of 80

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Candidates may use a calculator.
 Use black ink or ball-point pen.
 Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided– there may be more space than you need.

•The total mark for this paper is 80

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1. Which one of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis (1mk)

2. The graph below shows the result of a study into the increased risk of death related to a
certain diet
An increased risk of death is associated with a high hazard ratio

a) State TWO conclusions that can be drawn from these results. (2mks)

b) The results of this study suggest that there is a correlation between salt intake and cause
of death.
State the meaning of the term correlation (1mk)

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c) The values for the hazard ratio were adjusted for a number of factors including age and
smoking.
Explain why age and smoking were taken into account when determining the hazard
ratio. (3mks)

d) Suggest why the hazard ratio for low salt intake was 1.00 for each cause of death.
(2mks)

e) Suggest why studies of this type are unreliable (2mks)

f) Suggest TWO factors, other than age and smoking that may have been considered when
adjusting the values for the hazard ratio (2mks)

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3. With reference to CVDs, distinguish between risk and causation. (2mks)

4. Explain why perceived risk is always not often the same as the actual risk. (2mks)

5. In most areas of the world, the risk of dying from heart disease is about three times greater
for smokers than for non smokers. Outline at least TWO reasons why this does not mean an
individual who smokes will certainly die from heart disease. (2mks)

6. Justify the use of the term multifactorial disease when used to describe atherosclerosis.
(2mks)

7. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the causes of atherosclerosis and CVDs.
State THREE factors in the design of a study which make the conclusions more valid.
(3mks)

8. The average age for a first heart attack in the UAE is 20 years younger than the global
average. A recent survey of 850 heart attack patients in the UAE gave the following results
a) Calculate the number of patients in the survey who had diabetes (2mks)

b) Calculate the percentage of heart attack patients in the survey who had high blood
cholesterol. (2mks)

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9. Plant statins are used in the treatment of CVDs. Some fundi can produce chemicals that can
be used as statins. One example is a chemical reffered to as drug S.
One study into the effect of drug S on the people taking it involved 20,000 people and ran for
a period of 5 years. One group of 10,000 people was given drug S and another group of
10,000 people was given placebo.
The table below shows some of the findings from the study

a) Suggest why it was necessary to have so many people involved in the study. (2mks)

b) Suggest why this study had to run for a number of years (1mk)

c) Explain why a placebo was used in this study (2mks)

d) The study was stopped immediately after the 5 years because it was deemed to be unfair
to the group taking the placebo.
i. Why do you think it was unfair (1mk)

ii. Is it unethical to use placebos in epidemiology studies (1mk)

iii. What is meant by the term epidemiology (1mk)

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10. Using data in the graphs provided below
a) How do the figures for identical and fratenal twins differ in the graph below and what
does this suggest about a genetic link to heart disease? (3mks)

b) What does the graph below show you about the apparent heritability of heart disease in
men and what might affect the fall in apparent heritability as the men grow older. (2mks)

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 11. The bar graphs below show the proportion of people with coronary heart disease based on a
Jordanian study in 2017.

a) Using values from the graph and by clearly, Describe the effect that smoking has on the
risk of developing coronary artery disease in men of different ages. (3mks)

b) Suggest why there is no data for women in the age bracket of 55-64 (1mk)

c) What does lack of data for women in the age bracket of 55-64 suggest about this study?
That it is (1mk)

d) Describe and Explain the difference in the proportion of developing coronary heart
disease between men and women who are non –smokers below the age of 45 years.
(3mks)
PROPORTION FOR MALE IS HIGHER AT 0.16 THAN THAT OF WOMEN AT 0.12
THIS IS BECAUSE BELOW 45 YEARS WOMEN STILL EXPERIENCE MENSTRUATION
AND HORMONE OESTROGEN INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS HELPS IN REDUCING
PLAQUE BUILD UP IN THE ARTTERIES.

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 12. A study was conducted on the type of surfaces a certain species of larvae settles on and the
results obtained were presented in the graph below.

Comment on the reliability of this investigation. (4mks)

RELIABLE BECAUSE MEANS WERE CALCULATED

RELEIABLE BECAUSE ERRORS BARS / STANDARD DEVIATIONS PRESENT

THROUGHOUT

SPECIFIC SURFACE WITH THE SHORTEST ERROR BAR IDENTIFIED AND NAMED AS
THE MOST RELIABLE INVESTIGATION OR CONVERSE

INVESTIGATION BETWEEN ROCK WITH BARNACLES AND BARE ROCK OR AND

STONES MORE RELIABLE BECAUSE ERROR BARS DO NOT TOUCH OR OVERLAP

INVESTIGATION BETWEEN STONES AND BARE ROCK NOT RELIABLE BECAUSE RROE
BARS TOUCH. REJECT OVERLAP

13. A scientist collected data that allowed him to propose the hypothesis that all organisms can
be classified into three major domains.
The diagram below shows some of the stages used to publicise his new data and hypothesis.

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 a) Suggest TWO ways other than publication in a journal that the scientist could use to
present his data to the scientific community (2mks)

b) In stage 2, his paper was checked by scientists before publication. Outline why his paper
was checked by scientists at this stage. (1mk)

c) Explain what is meant by “allowed critical evaluation of his data by the scientistific
community” in stage 3 (2mks)

14. From the information provided in the table below, a student concluded that higher cholesterol
levels cause lower blood pressure.
Outline why this is not a valid conclusion (3mks)

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15. Outline the difference between modifiable and non modifiable risk factors. Give an example
for each. (2mks)

16. The graph below shows the relative risk of developing CVDs for smokers and non-smokers.
a) Using this information, describe the conclusion that can be made about the risk factors
for CVDs. (2mks)

b) This information was collected 25 years ago. Explain how this graph might appear if it
showed data collected this year. (2mks)

c) The number of people in the world who die from CVDs each year is 17.7 million and this
is 31% of total deaths. How many deaths are there in the world each year? (1mk)

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 17. Explain why a diet with a high proportion of carbohydrates could lead to obesity (2mks)

18. Churchill has been warned by his doctors that he is at an increased risk of CVD because of
his current high fat diet and low activity level.
Explain how a combination of these two factors may lead to CVD (5mks)

19. Outline THREE ways that the government of a country can use to help prevent and manage
cases of CVDs amongst its citizens. (3mks)
CREATING MASS WARENESSS/SENSITIZATION ABOUT RISKS AND EFFECTS OF CVDs

COMING UP WITH POLICIES SUCH AS WALKING TO WORK DAYS/ CYCLING DAYS

HEAVY TAXES ON FAST FOODS TO DISCOURAGE THEIR CONSUMPTION

20. Use the information below to asnwer the question that follows.

Ali weighs 65.0 kg and he is 168 cm tall. Calculate his BMI and what does this tell you about him.
(2mks)

THE END

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