Domino vs. Commission On Elections

15/11/2019 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 310
546 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

Domino vs. Commission on Elections
*
G.R. N . 134015. J l 19, 1999.
JUAN DOMINO, e i i e , . COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS,

NARCISO Ra. GRAFILO, JR., EDDY B. JAVA, JUAN P.
BAYONITO, JR., ROSARIO SAMSON a d DIONISIO P. LIM,
SR., e de . LUCILLE CHIONGBIAN-SOLON, i e e .
Election La ; Residence; Actions; Courts; Judgments; Inclusion and

E clusion Proceedings; The determination of a Metropolitan Trial Court in
the e clusion proceedings as to the right of a person to be included or
e cluded from the list of voters in the precinct ithin its territorial
jurisdiction does not preclude the COMELEC, in the determination of such
person s quali cation as a candidate, to pass upon the issue of compliance
ith the residenc requirement. The c e i f DOMINO ha he
deci i f he Me li a T ial C fQ e Ci i he e cl i
ceedi g decla i g hi a e ide f he P i ce f Sa a ga i a d
f Q e Ci i al a d c cl i e he COMELEC ca be
ai ed. The COMELEC ha j i dic i a ided i Sec. 78, A . IX
f he
_______________
* EN BANC.
547
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 547

O ib Elec i C de, e a e i i de d e c e ca cel

ce i ca e f ca didac . I he e e ci e f he aid j i dic i , i i i hi
he c e e ce f he COMELEC de e i e he he fal e
e e e ai a a e ial fac a ade i he ce i ca e f ca didac ,
ha ill i cl de, a g he , he e ide ce f he ca dida e. The
de e i a i f he Me li a T ial C f Q e Ci i he
.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 1/33

e cl i ceedi g a he igh f DOMINO be i cl ded

e cl ded f he li f e i he eci c i hi i e i ial
j i dic i , d e ecl de he COMELEC, i he de e i a i f
DOMINO ali ca i a a ca dida e, a he i e f
c lia ce i h he e ide c e i e e .
Same; Same; Same; Same; Same; Same; Res Judicata; A decision in an
e clusion or inclusion proceeding, even if nal and unappealable, does not
acquire the nature of res judicata. The ceedi g f he e cl i
i cl i f e i he li f e ae a i cha ac e . Th , he
fac al di g f he ial c a d i e l a c cl i i he
e cl i ceedi g a e he ha he igh e i he eci c
i hi i e i ial j i dic i a e c cl i e he COMELEC.
Al h gh he c i i cl i e cl i ceedi g a a a
e i ece a decide he i e ai ed i cl di g he e i f
ci i e hi a d e ide ce f he challe ged e , he a h i de he
i cl i i e cl i f he li f e ece a il ca ie i h i he
e i iei a d e le all a e e e ial he e e ci e f aid
a h i . H e e , e ce f he igh e ai i he li f e f
bei g e cl ded he ef f he a ic la elec i i ela i hich he
ceedi g had bee held, a deci i i a e cl i i cl i
ceedi g, e e if al a d a ealable, d e ac i e he a e f
res judicata. I hi e e, i d e e a e a a ba a f e ac i
ha a a a ake c ce i g he bjec a ed i he ceedi g.
Th , a deci i i a e cl i ceedi g ld ei he be c cl i e
he e li ical a , ba b e e ceedi g hi igh be
egi e ed a a e i a he elec i .
Same; Same; Same; Same; Same; Same; Jurisdiction; It is not ithin
the competence of the trial court, in e clusion proceedings, to declare the
challenged voter a resident of another municipalit the jurisdiction of the
court is limited onl to determining the right of the voter to remain in the list
of voters or to declare that the challenged
54

voter is not quali ed to vote in the precinct in hich he is registered,

specif ing the ground of the voter s disquali cation. M e e , he
Me li a T ial C f Q e Ci i i 18 Ja a deci i
e ceeded i j i dic i he i decla ed DOMINO a e ide f he
P i ce f Sa a ga i, a ed a d de ed he a fe f hi e
egi a i f P eci c N . 4400-A f Ba a ga Old Bala a, Q e Ci
eci c 14A1 f Ba a ga P blaci , Alabel, Sa a ga i. I i i hi
he c e e ce f he ial c , i a e cl i ceedi g , decla e he
challe ged e a e ide f a he ici ali . The j i dic i f he
l e c e e cl i ca e i li i ed l de e i i g he igh f
e e ai i he li f e decla e ha he challe ged e i

ali ed e i he eci c i hich he i egi e ed, ecif i g he
g d f he e di ali ca i . The ial c ha e de
he cha ge a fe f egi a i f e lace f e ide ce a he
f i i he f c i f he elec i Regi a i B a d a ided de
Sec i 12 f R.A. N . 8189. The l effec f he deci i f he l e
c e cl di g he challe ged e f he li f e , i f he
Elec i Regi a i B a d, ecei f he al deci i , e e
he e egi a i ec d f he c e di g b k f e ,e e
he de f e cl i he ei , a d he eaf e lace he ec d i he i ac i e
le.
Same; Same; Same; Same; Same; Same; Res Judicata; A decision in a
Petition for E clusion led b the voter himself cannot be considered as
basis for the dismissal b reason of res judicata of a Petition to Den Due
Course to/or Cancel Certi cate of Candidac led b others against the
former, for, as bet een the rst and second actions, there is no identit of
parties, identit of subject matter and identit of causes of action. Fi all ,
he a lica i f he le res judicata i a aili g. Ide i f a ie ,
bjec a e a d ca e f ac i a e i di e able e i e e f he
a lica i f aid d c i e. Nei he he ei P i a e Re de
INTERVENOR, i a a i he e cl i ceedi g . The Petition for
E clusion a led b DOMINO hi elf a d hi ife, a i g ha he a d
hi ife be e cl ded f he V e Li he g d f e e
egi a i hile he Petition to Den Due Course to or Cancel Certi cate
of Candidac a led b i ae e de agai DOMINO f
alleged fal e e e e a i i hi ce i ca e f ca didac . F he deci i
be a ba i f he di i al b ea f res judicata, i i e e ial ha
he e be be ee he a d he ec d ac i ide i f a ie ,
ide i f bjec a e a d
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VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 549

ide i f ca e f ac i . I he ee ca e, he af e aid e e ial

e i ie ae ee .
Same; Same; Words and Phrases; Residence and Domicile,
E plained; It is doctrinall settled that the term residence, as used in the
la prescribing the quali cations for suffrage and for elective of ce, means
the same thing as domicile, hich imports not onl an intention to reside
in a ed place but also personal presence in that place, coupled ith
conduct indicative of such intention. I i d c i all e led ha he e
e ide ce, a ed i he la e c ibi g he ali ca i f ff age
a d f elec i e f ce, ea he a e hi g a d icile, hich i
l a i e i e ide i a ed lace b al e al e e ce i
ha lace, c led i h c d c i dica i e f ch i e i . D icile
de e a ed e a e e ide ce hich, he e e ab e f
b i e , lea e, e he ea , ei e d e . D icile
i a e i f i e i a d ci c a ce . I he c ide a i f
ci c a ce , h ee le be b e i i d, a el : (1) ha a a
ha e a e ide ce d icile e he e; (2) he ce e abli hed i
e ai il a e e i ac i ed; a d (3) a a ca ha e b e
e ide ce d icile a a i e.
Same; Same; Same; Same; A person s domicile once established is
considered to continue and ill not be deemed lost until a ne one is
established. A e d icile ce e abli hed i c ide ed
c i e a d ill be dee ed l il a e e i e abli hed. T
cce f ll effec a cha ge f d icile e de a e a ac al
e al a ac al cha ge f d icile; a bona de i e i f
aba d i g he f e lace f e ide ce a d e abli hi g a e ea d
de i e ac hich c e d i h he e. I he d , he e
ba icall be animus manendi c led i h animus non revertendi. The
e e ai i a he d icile f ch ice be f a i de i e
e i d f i e; he cha ge f e ide ce be l a ; a d he e ide ce
a he lace ch e f he e d icile be ac al.
Same; Same; Same; Same; While residence simpl requires bodil
presence in a given place, domicile requires not onl such bodil
presence in that place but also a declared and probable intent to make it
one s ed and permanent place of abode, one s home. I i he c e i
f e i i e ha hi ac al h ical e e ce i Alabel, Sa a ga i i ce
Dece be 1996 a f cie l e abli hed
550

b he lea e f a h e a d l l ca ed he ei i Ja a 1997 a d b he
af da i a d ce i ca i de a h f he e ide f ha lace ha he
ha e ee e i i e a d hi fa il e idi g i hei l cali . While hi a
be , ac al a d h ical i i i elf f cie h ha f aid
da e he had a fe ed hi e ide ce i ha lace. T e abli h a e
d icile f ch ice, e al e e ce i he lace be c led i h
c d c i dica i e f ha i e i . While e ide ce i l e i e
b dil e e ce i a gi e lace, d icile e i e l ch b dil
e e ce i ha lace b al a decla ed a d bable i e ake i
e ed a d e a e lace f ab de, e h e.
Same; Same; Same; Same; Intention to acquire a domicile ithout
actual residence in the localit does not result in acquisition of domicile,
nor does the fact of ph sical presence ithout intention. A a ge e al le,
he i ci al ele e f d icile, h ical e e ce i he l cali
i l ed a d i e i ad i a a d icile, c c i de

e abli h a e d icile. N cha ge f d icile ill e l if ei he f he e

ele e i ab e . I e i ac i e a d icile i h ac al e ide ce
i he l cali d e e l i ac i i i f d icile, d e he fac f
h ical e e ce i h i e i .
Same; Same; Same; Same; Lease; A lease contract ma be indicative
of a person s intention to reside in a particular localit but it does not
engender the kind of permanenc required to prove abandonment of one s
original domicile. The lea e c ac e e ed i e i e i Ja a
1997, d e ade a el a cha ge f d icile. The lea e c ac
a be i dica i e f DOMINO i e i e ide i Sa a ga i b i d e
e ge de he ki d f e a e c e i ed e aba d e f
e igi al d icile. The e e ab e ce f i di id al f hi e a e
e ide ce, a e h l g, i h he i e i aba d i d e
e l i l cha ge f d icile. Th he da e f he c ac f lea e f
a h e a d l l ca ed i he i ce f Sa a ga i, i.e., 15 Ja a 1997,
ca be ed, i he ab e ce f he ci c a ce , a he eck i g
e i d f he e- ea e ide ce e i e e .
Same; Same; Same; Same; While voting is not conclusive of residence,
it does give rise to a strong presumption of residence e ercising the right
of election franchise is a deliberate public asser-
551
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 551

tion of the fact of residence, and is said to have decided preponderance in a

doubtful case upon the place the elector claims as, or believes to be, his
residence. F he , D lack f i e i aba d hi e ide ce i
Q e Ci i f he e g he ed b hi ac f egi e i g a e i e
f he eci c i Q e Ci . While i gi c cl i e f e ide ce,
i d e gi e i e a g e i f e ide ce e eciall i hi ca e
he e DOMINO egi e ed i hi f e ba a ga . E e ci i g he igh f
elec i f a chi e i a delibe a e blic a e i f he fac f e ide ce,
a d i aid ha e decided e de a ce i a d b f l ca e he lace
he elec clai a, belie e be, hi e ide ce. The fac ha a a
c i l ed i a a ic la l cali i a g fac i a i i g
de e i e he a f hi d icile.
Same; Commission on Elections; Jurisdiction; The jurisdiction of the
COMELEC over a petition to den due course to or cancel certi cates of
candidac continues even after election, if for an reason no nal judgment
of disquali cation is rendered before the election, and the candidate facing
disquali cation is voted for and receives the highest number of votes, and
provided further that the inning candidate has not been proclaimed or has
taken his oath of of ce. A e i l e i ed, he COMELEC, de
Sec. 78, A . IX f he O ib Elec i C de, ha j i dic i e a

eii de d e c e ca cel ce i ca e f ca didac . S ch

j i dic i c i e e e af e elec i , if f a ea al j dg e
f di ali ca i i e de ed bef e he elec i , a d he ca dida e faci g
di ali ca i i ed f a d ecei e he highe be f e a d
ided f he ha he i i g ca dida e ha bee clai ed ha
ake hi a h f f ce.
Same; Same; Same; Electoral Tribunals; The Electoral Tribunals sole
and e clusive jurisdiction over all contests relating to the election, returns
and quali cations of members of Congress begins onl after a candidate has
become a member of the Senate or the House of Representatives, and a
candidate must be proclaimed and must have taken his oath of of ce before
he can be considered a member. I ha bee e ea edl held i a be f
ca e , ha he H e f Re e e a i e Elec al T ib al le a d
e cl i e j i dic i e all c e ela i g he elec i , e a d
ali ca i f e be f C ge a ided de Sec i 17 f
A icle VI f he C i i begi l af e a ca dida e ha bec e a
e be f he H e f Re e e a i e . The fac f b-
552

ai i g he highe be f e i a elec i d e a a icall

e he i i i he i i g ca dida e. A ca dida e be clai ed
a d ha e ake hi a h f f ce bef e he ca be c ide ed a
e be f he H e f Re e e ai e .
Same; It is no settled doctrine that the candidate ho obtains the
second highest number of votes ma not be proclaimed inner in case the
inning candidate is disquali ed hen the majorit speaks and elects into
of ce a candidate b giving the highest number of votes cast in the election
for that of ce, no one can be declared elected in his place. I i
e led d c i e ha he ca dida e h b ai he ec d highe be f
e a be clai ed i e i ca e he i i g ca dida e i
di ali ed. I e e elec i , he e le ch ice i he a a
c ide a i a d hei e e ed ill , a all i e , be gi e effec .
Whe he aj i eak a d elec i f ce a ca dida e b gi i g he
highe be f e ca i he elec i f ha f ce, e ca be
decla ed elec ed i hi lace.
Same; It ould be e tremel repugnant to the basic concept of the
constitutionall guaranteed right to suffrage if a candidate ho has not
acquired the majorit or pluralit of votes is proclaimed a inner and
imposed as the representative of a constituenc , the majorit of hich have
positivel declared through their ballots that the do not choose him. I
ld be e e el e g a he ba ic c ce f he c i i all
g a a eed igh ff age if a ca dida e h ha ac i ed he aj i

l ali f e i clai ed a i e a d i ed a he
e e e ai e f a c i e c , he aj i f hich ha e i i el
decla ed h gh hei ball ha he d ch e hi . T i li icall
a e ha he ec d lace ld ha e ecei ed he he e ld be
b i e j dg e f he i d f he e . He c ld be
c ide ed he a g ali ed ca dida e beca e i a eld hich
e cl de he ali ed ca dida e, he c di i ld ha e b a iall
cha ged. S d lic dic a e ha blic elec i e f ce a e lled b h e
h ha e ecei ed he highe be f e ca i he elec i f ha
f ce, a d i i f da e al idea i all e blica f fg e e ha
e ca be decla ed elec ed a d ea e ca be decla ed ca ied
le he i ecei e a aj i l ali f he legal e ca i he
elec i .
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VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 553

Same; The effect of a decision declaring a person ineligible to hold an

of ce is onl that the election fails entirel in such case, the electors have
failed to make a choice and the election is a nullit . The effec f a
deci i decla i g a e i eligible h ld a f ce i l ha he
elec i fail e i el , ha he ea h f ic ca be a fe ed f
he di ali ed i e he e dia ed l e beca e he la he a
l a h i e a decla a i f elec i i fa f he e h ha
b ai ed a l ali f e a dd e e i le he ca dida e ecei i g he
e highe be f e be decla ed elec ed. I ch ca e, he
elec ha e failed ake a ch ice a d he elec i i a lli . T all
he defea ed a d e dia ed ca dida e ake e he elec i e ii
de i e hi ejec i b he elec a e i di e f a chi e he elec a e
ih a fa l hei a a d de i e he i a ce a d
ea i g f de c ac a d he e le igh elec f cial f hei
ch ice.
PANGANIBAN, J., Separate Opinion:
Election La ; Words and Phrases; Statutor Construction; When the

Constitution speaks of residence, the ord should be understood, consistent
ith Webster, to mean actual, ph sical and personal presence in the district
that a candidate seeks to represent. Tha a e be f he H e f
Re e e a i e be a e ide f he di ic hich he he eek
e ee f a ei d f le ha e ea i edia el ecedi g he
da f he elec i i ac i i al e i e e ha h ld be i e e ed
i he e e i hich di a la e de a d i . The c
e le h a i ed he C i i a d e e he eaf e e ec ed abide
b i ld all efe he j al f he C i i al

C i i i de de a d he d a d h a e c ai ed he ei .
Ra he , he ld all efe he c ce bei g ed he
he l k f he ea i g f d he dic i a . I hi e e,
Web e de i i f residence h ld be c lli g. Whe he
C i i eak f e ide ce, he d h ld be de d, c i e
i h Web e , ea actual, ph sical and personal presence i he di ic
ha a ca dida e eek e e e .I he d , he ca dida e e e ce
h ld be b a ial e gh h b e ac his intention to ful ll the
duties of the position he seeks.
554

Same; Same; Con ict of La s; The original concept of domicile, hich

arose from American jurisprudence, as not intended to govern political
rights it as designed to resolve the con ict of la s bet een or among
states here a decedent ma have lived for various reasons, for the purpose
of determining hich la as applicable as regards his estate. A a
a e, he igi al c ce f domicile, hich a e f A e ica
j i de ce, a i e ded g e li ical igh . Ra he , i a
de ig ed e l e he c ic f la be ee a g a e he e a
decede a ha e li ed f ai ea , f he e f de e i i g
hich la a a licable a ega d hi e a e. All e e hi h
di i i i : Thi e i ca e bef e he c a a ea l
da , l g bef e e e ea a d e e i e ea f a ai ,a d
a a i e bef e he e e ead e e f ec a he .
A ha i e, e lef f E e f he We e C i e el e he e
la gel f e f ad e e i ea ch f a i f he
i f c e ce. I a a a i e bef e he i e i f he
ea b a a d bef e he e a f he cea ic cable. Me lef hei a i e la d
k i g ha he ld be g e f l g e i d f i e, a d ha ea f
c ica i i h hei h e la d e e i f e e , dif c l , a d l .
The adi i f hei a i e c ee g i h he e e . I he
e e f dea h, hile ab e , he de i ed ha hei e h ld de ce d
i acc da ce i h he la f he la d f hei bi h. Ma ch e ee
ad e e h had he ea di e e e all e he la d
f hei a i i . The e a a la ge deg ee f e i e c ec ed i h he
a ce e f he le f la i he a e f he e a e f ch
e .
Same; Same; Appl ing the concept of domicile in determining
residence as a quali cation for an elective of ce ould negate the objective
behind the residence requirement of one ear (or si months, in the case of
local positions). S eci call , I b i ha a l i g he c ce f
domicile i de e i i g residence a a ali ca i f a elec i e f ce
ld ega e he bjec i e behi d he e ide ce e i e e f e ea (

i h , i he ca e f l cal i i ). Thi e i ed e i d f e ide ce

ecedi g he da f he elec i , I belie e, i ed i he de i e ha
f cial f di ic l cali ie be ac ai ed l i h he e e a d
b d f hei c i e cie b , e i a , i h he c i e
he el e hei eed , dif c l ie , e ial f g h a d de el e
a d all a e i al hei c elfa e. S ch e i i e
555
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 555

ei d ld eci el gi e ca dida e he i be fa ilia i h

hei de i ed c i e cie , a d like i e f he elec a e e al a e hei
e f he f ce he eek.
Same; Constitutional La ; Statutor Construction; The Constitution is
not a document reserved onl for scholarl disquali cation b the most
eminent legal minds of the land its contents and ords should be
interpreted in the sense understood b the ordinar men and omen ho
place their lives on the line in its defense and ho pin their hopes for a
better life on its ful llment. The C i i i he ba ic la f he
la d. I e h i e he che i hed a i a i a d ideal f he la i
a la ge. I i a d c e e e ed l f ch la l di i i i b he
e i e legal i d f he la d. I a ce ai i g i i , la e a e
ea ibble e i , de e i legal ice ie , a ic la e i
a ce . I c e a d d h ld be i e e ed i he e e
de d b he di a e a d e h lace hei li e he li e
i i defe e a d h i hei h e f a be e life i f l ll e .
Same; Same; Same; The Constitution is not primaril a la er s
document, it being essential for the rule of la to obtain that it should ever
be present in the people s consciousness, its language as much as possible
should be understood in the sense the have in common use. The call f
i lici i de a di g a d i e e i g C i i ha bee ade
a be f i e . Ab h ee decade ag , hi C decla ed: I i be
a ed ha he d i hich c i i al ii a e c ched
e e he bjec i e gh be a ai ed. The a e be gi e hei
di a ea i g e ce he e ech ical e a e e l ed i hich ca e
he ig i ca ce h a ached he e ail . A he C i i i
i a il a la e d c e , i bei g e e ial f he le f la
b ai ha i h ld e e be e e i he e le c ci e , i
la g age a ch a ible h ld be de d i he e e he ha e i
c e. Wha i a acc di g he e f he ii be
c ed c el acce a ce a d ega e he e f he c al e i ,
ba ed he la e ha he f a e a d he e le ea ha he a .
Th he e a e ca e he e he eed f c ci i ed ced a
i i .

SPECIAL CIVIL ACTION i he S e eC . Ce i a i.
556

The fac a e a ed i he i i f he C .
Brillantes, Navarro, Jumamil, Arcilla, Escolin & Martine
La Of ces f eii e.
Bacungan, Opinion & Rivilla f i ae e de .
Fornier & Fornier La Firm f I e e Th a M e
La Ce e .
DAVIDE, JR., C.J.:
Challe ged i hi ca e f certiorari i h a a1 e f

eli i a i j c i a e he Re l i f 6 Ma 1998 f he
Sec d Di i i f he C i i Elec i (he eaf e
COMELEC), decla i g eii e J a D (he eaf e
DOMINO) di ali ed a ca dida e f e e e a i e f he L e
Legi la i e Di ic f he P i ce f Sa a ga 2
i i he 11 Ma 1998
elec i , a d he Deci i f 29 Ma 1998 f he COMELEC en
banc de i g DOMINO i f ec ide a i .
The a ecede a e di ed.
O 25 Ma ch 1998, DOMINO led hi ce i ca e f ca didac
f he ii f Re e e a i e f he L e Legi la i e Di ic f
he P i ce f Sa a ga i i dica i g i i e i e (9) f hi
ce i ca e ha he had e ided i he c i e c he e he eek
be elec ed f e (1)
3
ea a d (2) h i edia el
ecedi g he elec i .
O 30 Ma ch 1998, i a e e de Na ci Ra. G a l , J .,
Edd B. Ja a, J a P. Ba i , J ., R a i Sa a d Di i i P.
Li , S ., led i h he COMELEC a Petition to Den Due Course
to or Cancel Certi cate of Candidac , hich a d cke ed a SPA
N . 98-022 a d a ig ed he Sec d Di i i f he COMELEC.
Pi ae e de F
_______________
1 A e A f Pe i i , R ll 41-50. Pe De a i , J., Comm., i h G ia i, J.

a d Calde , A., Comms., c c i g.
2 R ll , 51-54.
3 A e 1 fC e i I e e i , R ll , 304.
557

VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 557

alleged ha DOMINO, c a hi decla a i i he ce i ca e

f ca didac , i a e ide , ch le a egi e ed e , f he
i ce f Sa a ga i he e he eek elec i . T b a ia e hei
allega i , i a e e de e e ed he f ll i g e ide ce:
1. A e A he Ce i ca e f Ca didac f e de f
he ii f C ge a f he L e Di ic f he
P i ce f Sa a ga i led i h he Of ce f he P i cial
Elec i S e i f Sa a ga i Ma ch 25, 1998, he e
i i e 4 he e f he e hi da e f bi h a December 5,
1953; i i e 9, he clai he ha e e ided i he
c i e c he e he eek elec i f e (1) ea a d
(2) h ; a d, i i e 10, ha he i egi e ed e
f P eci c N . 14A-1, Ba a ga P blaci , Alabel,
Sa a ga i;
2. A e B V e Regi a i Rec d i h SN
31326504 da ed J e 22, 1997 i dica i g e de
egi a i a P eci c N . 4400-A, Old Bala a, Q e
Ci ;
3. A e C Re de C i Ta Ce i ca e N .
11132214C da ed Ja a 15, 1997;
4. A e D Ce i ed e c f he le e f He D.
De a-ala, De P i cial & M ici al T ea e f
Alabel, Sa a ga i, da ed Feb a 26, 1998, add e ed
M . C ad G. B il, hich ead :
I c ec i ih le e f e e da e, e a e f i hi g
he e i h ce i ed e c f he i lica e c f COMMUNITY TAX
CERTIFICATE NO. 11132214C i he a e f J a D .
F he e, C i Ta Ce i ca e N . 11132212C f he a e
b a i ed Ca li E gc g Se e be 5, 1997, hile Ce i ca e
N . 11132213C a al i ed M . J a D b a ca celled a d
e ial . 11132215C a i ed i he a e f Ma ia i a Le igi
Se e be 8, 1997.
5. A e E The i lica e c f he C i Ta
Ce i ca e N . 11132214C i he a e f J a D
da ed Se e be 5, 1997;
6. A e F C f he le e f P i cial T ea e
L de P. Rieg da ed Ma ch 2, 1998 add e ed M.
He D. De a-ala, De P i cial T ea e a d
M ici al T ea e f Alabel, Sa a ga i, hich a e :
55

SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED 558

F ea efe e ce, ki dl - e he de ig ed f afekee i g,

he b f C i Ta Ce i ca e c ai i g N . 11132201C-
11132250C i ed J e 13, 1997 a d aid de Of cial Recei
N . 7854744.
U e e fC g e a Ja e L. Chi gbia .
7. A e G Ce i ca e f Ca didac f e de f he
ii fC ge a i he 3 d Di ic f Q e Ci
f he 1995 elec i led i h he Of ce f he Regi al
Elec i Di ec , Na i al Ca i al Regi , Ma ch 17,
1995, he e, i i e 4 he e f, he e hi bi h da e a
Dece be 22, 1953; i i e 8 he e f hi residence in the
constituenc here I seek to be elected immediatel
preceding the election a 3 ea a d 5 h ; a d, i
i e 9, ha he i a egi e ed e f P eci c N . 182,
Ba a ga Bala a, Q e Ci ;
8. A e H a c f he APPLICATION FOR
TRANSFER OF REGISTRATION RECORDS DUE TO
CHANGE OF RESIDENCE f e de da ed A g
30, 1997 add e ed a d ecei ed b Elec i Of ce
Ma il Ali , Alabel, Sa a ga i, Se e be 22, 1997,
ai g a g he , ha [T]he de ig ed e i
e ide ce i a 24 B ifaci S ee , A ala Heigh , Q e
Ci , III Di ic , Q e Ci ; he ei he i a egi e ed
e a d ha f b i e a d e ide ce e , he
de ig ed ha a fe ed a d c d c hi b i e a d
e ide a Ba a ga P blaci , Alabel, P i ce f
Sa a ga i i hi a lica i ;
9. A e I C f he SWORN APPLICATION FOR
CANCELLATION OF VOTER S [TRANSFER OF]
PREVIOUS REGISTRATION f e de b c ibed
a d 22 Oc be 19974 bef e Elec i Of ce
Ma il Alli a Alabel, Sa a ga i.
F hi defe e, DOMINO ai ai ha he had c lied i h he

e- ea e ide ce e i e e a d ha he ha bee e idi g i
Sa a ga i i ce Ja a 1997. I f he aid c e i ,
DOMINO e e ed bef e he COMELEC he f ll i g e hibi ,
i:
1. A e 1 C f he C ac f Lea e be ee N a
Dacaldacal a Le a d Ad i i a f he e ie f
decea ed e Ma i a d Re edi Dacaldacal a d
e de a

_______________
4 Supra e 1, a 42-44.
55
559 VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999

Le ee e ec ed Ja a 15, 1997, b c ibed a d

bef e N a P blic J h P. La de ;
2. A e 2 C f he E a-J dicial Se le e f
E a e i h Ab l e Deed f ale e ec ed b a d be ee
he hei f decea ed e Ma i a d Re edi
Dacaldacal, a el : Ma ia L de , J i e a d Bebe lie
a d he e de N e be 4, 1997, b c ibed a d
bef e N a P blic J e A. Alega i ;
3. A e 3 T e Ca b Xe c f he Deci i da ed
Ja a 19, 1998, f he Me li a T ial C f Me
Ma ila, B a ch 35, Q e Ci , i Elec i Ca e N . 725
ca i ed a In the Matter of the Petition for the E clusion
from the List of voters of Precinct No. 4400-A Brg . Old
Balara, Que on Cit , Spouses Juan and Zora da D mi ,
Petitioners, -versus- Elmer M. Ka anan, Election Of cer,
Que on Cit , District III, and the Board of Election
Inspectors of Precinct No. 4400-A, Old Balara, Que on
Cit , Respondents. The di ii e i f hich ead :
1. Decla i g he egi a i f eii e a e f

P eci c N . 4400-A, Ba a ga Old Bala a, i Di ic III
Q e Ci a c le el e e a eii e ee
l ge e ide f Q e Ci b f Alabel, Sa a ga i
he e he ha e bee e idi g i ce Dece be 1996;
2. Decla i g hi e e egi a i f eii e i
Q e Ci a d e i g d fai h d e a h e i ake
ca ed b ci c a ce be d hei c l a d ih
a fa l f e i i e ;
3. A i g he a fe f egi a i f e f
eii e f P eci c N . 4400-A f Ba a ga Old
Bala a, Q e Ci P eci c N . 14A1 f Ba a ga
P blaci f Alabel, Sa a ga i; a d
4. O de i g he e de i edia el a fe a d
f a d all he elec i / e egi a i ec d f he
eii e i Q e Ci he Elec i Of ce , he
Elec i Regi a i B a d a d he C e ec Of ce f
Alabel, Sa a ga i he e he e i i e a e b i l
ali ed e e ci e hei e ec i e igh f ff age;

4. A e 4 C f he Application for Transfer of

Registration Records due to Change of Residence add e ed
Ma il Ali , COMELEC Regi a , Alabel, Sa a ga i,
da ed A g 30, 1997;
560
SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED 560

5. A e 5 Ce i ed T e C f he N ice f A al
f A lica i , he e f a lica i f egi a i
a ed b he Elec i Regi a i B a d Oc be 20,
1997, h i g he e J a a d Z a da Bail
D li ed a be 111 a d 112 b h de P eci c
N . 14A1, he la a e i he la e i dica ed a
a fe ee ih VRR be a d hei a lica i
da ed A g 30, 1997 a d Se e be 30, 1997,
e ec i el ;
6. A e 6 a ea A e 5 ;
7. A e 6-a C f he S orn Application for
Cancellation of Voter s Previous Registration (A e I,
Pe i i );
8. A e 7 C f clai ca d i he a e f e de
h i g hi VRR N . 31326504 da ed Oc be 20, 1997 a
a egi e ed e f P eci c N . 14A1, Ba a ga
P blaci , Alabel, Sa a ga i;
9. A e 7-a Ce i ca i da ed A il 16, 1998, i ed b
A . El e M. Ka a a , Elec i Of ce IV, Di ic III,
Q e Ci , hich ead :
Thi i ce if ha he e JUAN a d ZORAYDA DOMINO a e

l ge egi e ed e f Di ic III, Q e Ci . Thei egi a i
ec d (VRR) e e a fe ed a d a e i he e i f he
Elec i Of ce f Alabel, Sa a ga i.
Thi ce i ca i i bei g i ed he e e f M . JUAN
DOMINO.
10. A e 8 Af da i f N a Dacaldacal a d Ma ia
L de Dacaldacal a i g he ci c a ce a d i cide
de aili g hei alleged ac ai a ce i h e de ;
11. A e e 8-a, 8-b, 8-c a d 8-d C ie f he
if af da i f i e M a Dalag i , Hila i
F e e , C a i da L iba a d Ele a V. Pi d
b c ibed a d bef e N a P blic B ifaci F.
D ia, J ., A il 18, 1998, e b d i g hei alleged

e al k ledge f e de e ide c i Alabel,

Sa a ga i;
12. A e 8-e A ce i ca i da ed A il 20, 1998,
b c ibed a d bef e N a P blic B ifaci ,
c ai i g a li i g f he a e f f - e (55) e ide
f Alabel, Sa a ga i, decla i g a d ce if i g de a h
ha he e all k he e de a a e a e
e ide f Alabel, Sa a ga i i ce Ja a 1997
ee ;
561
561 VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999

13. A e e 9, 9-a a d 9-b C ie f I di id al

I c e Ta Re f he ea 1997, BIR f 2316 a d
W-2, e ec i el , f e de ; a d,
14. A e 10 The af da i f e de eci i g he
ch l g f e e a d ci c a ce leadi g hi
el ca i he M ici ali f Alabel, Sa a ga i,
a e di g A e e A, B, C, D, D-1, E, F,
G i h b- a ki g G-1 a d G-2 a d H hi CTC
N . 11132214C da ed Se e be 5, 1997, hich a e he
a e a A e e 1, 2, 4, 5, 6-a, 3, 7,5 9
i h b a ki g 9-a a d 9-b e ce A e H.
O 6 Ma 1998, he COMELEC 2 d Di i i lga ed a

e l i decla i g DOMINO di ali ed a ca dida e f he
ii f e e e a i e f he l e di ic f Sa a ga i f lack f
he e- ea e ide ce e i e e a d like i e de ed he
ca cella i f hi ce i ca e f ca didac , he ba i f he
f ll i g di g :
Wha ili a e agai e de clai ha he ha e he e ide c

e i e e f he ii gh i hi V e Regi a i Rec d
N . 31326504 da ed June 22, 1997 [A e B, Pe i i ] a d hi add e
i dica ed a 24 Bonifacio St., A ala Heights, Old Balara, Que on Cit . Thi
e ide ce, a di g al e, ega e all hi e ai ha he e abli hed
e ide ce a Ba a ga P blaci , Alabel, Sa a ga i, a ea l a Ja a
1997. I i highl i bable, a i c edible, f e de h e i l
a f he a e i i i he 3 d Legi la i e Di ic f Q e Ci
d i g he elec i f 1995 i i gl f ge he e ide c e i e e
f he f ce gh .
C i g, he ef e, f he da af e June 22, 1997 he e de
egi e ed a P eci c N . 4400-A, a d il he da f he elec i

Ma 11, 1998, e de clea l lack he e (1) ea e ide c

e ie e ided f ca dida e f Me be f he H e f
Re e e a i e de Sec i 6, A icle VI f he C i i .
All ld, e i i e e ide ce c ie a e e de lack f
e ide ce i he c i e c he e he eek elec i a d hile i a be
c ceded ha he i a egi e ed e a c e -
_______________
5 R ll , 45-48.
562

la ed de Sec i 12 f R.A. 8189, he lack he ali ca i f

he ii f C ge a f he L e Di ic f he P i ce f
6
Sa a ga i.
O 11 Ma 1998, he da f he elec i , he COMELEC i ed

S le e al O ib Re l i N . 3046, de i g ha he e
ca f DOMINO be c ed b e d he cla a i if
i i g, c ide i g ha he Re l i di 7 alif i g hi a
ca dida e had e bec e al a d e ec .
The e l f he elec i , e S a e e f V e ce8 i ed b he
Chai a f he P i cial B a d f Ca a e , h ha
DOMINO ga e ed he highe be f e e hi e
f he ii fC g e a f he P i ce f Sa a ga i.
O 15 Ma 1998, DOMINO led a i f ec ide a i
f he Re l i da ed 6 Ma 1998, hich a de ied b he
COMELEC en banc i i deci i da ed 29 Ma 1998. He ce, he
ee Pe i i f Certiorari ih a e f P eli i a
Ma da I j c i allegi g, i he ai , ha he COMELEC
c i ed g a e ab e f di c e i a i g e ce lack f
j i dic i he i led ha he did ee he e- ea e ide ce
e ie e .
O 14 J l 1998, ac i g DOMINO Motion for Issuance of
Temporar Restraining Order, he C di ec ed he a ie
ai ai he status
9
quo e aili g a he i e f he li g f he
i a eii .
O 15 Se e be 1998, L cille L. Chi gbia -S l , (he eaf e
INTERVENOR), he ca dida e ecei i g he ec10 d highe be
f e , a all ed b he C I e e e. INTERVENOR i
he Motion for Leave to Intervene
_______________

6 R ll , 48-49.
7 A e 6 f Pe i i , id., 167-168.
8 A e H, id., 169.
9 R ll , 352.
10 Id., 1535.
563
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 563

11
a d i he Comment in Intervention i a ki g he C h ld
he di ali ca i f eii e J a D a d clai he
a he d l elec ed e e e a i e f Sa a ga i i he 11 Ma 1998
elec i .
Bef e DOMINO ai ed he f ll i g i e f e l i ,
i:
a. Whe he he j dg e f he Me li a T ial
C f Q e Ci decla i g e i i e a e ide f
Sa a ga i a d fQ e Ci i al, c cl i e a d
bi di g he h le ld, i cl di g he C i i
Elec i .
b. Whe he e i i e he ei ha e ided i he bjec
c g e i al di ic f a lea e (1) ea i edia el
ecedi g he Ma 11, 1998 elec i ; a d
c. Whe he e de COMELEC ha j i dic i
e he 12 e i i a f he di ali ca i f
eii e.
The rst issue.
The c e i f DOMINO ha he deci i f he

Me li a T ial C f Q e Ci i he e cl i
ceedi g decla i g hi a e ide f he P i ce f Sa a ga i
a d f Q e Ci i al a d c cl i e he
COMELEC ca be ai ed.
The COMELEC ha j i dic i a ided i Sec. 78, A . IX
f he O ib Elec i C de, e a e i i de d e c e
ca cel ce i ca e f ca didac . I he e e ci e f he aid
j i dic i , i i i hi he c e e ce f he COMELEC
de e i e he he fal e e e e a i a a e ial fac a ade
i he ce i ca e f ca didac , ha ill i cl de, a g he , he
e ide ce f he ca dida e.
The de e i a i f he Me li a T ial C f Q e
Ci i he e cl i ceedi g a he igh f DOMINO be

i cl ded e cl ded f he li f e i he eci c i hi i

e i ial j i dic i , d e ecl de
______________
11 Id., 241-303.
12 Pe i i , 15, R ll , 17.
564

he COMELEC, i he de e i a i f DOMINO ali ca i

a a ca dida e, a he i e f c lia ce i h he
e ide c e i e e .
The ceedi g f he e cl i i cl i f e i he
li f e ae a i cha ac e . Th , he fac al di g f
he ial c a d i e l a c cl i i he e cl i
ceedi g a e he ha he igh e i he eci c
i hi i e i ial j i dic i ae c cl i e he
COMELEC. Al h gh he c i i cl i e cl i
ceedi g a a a e i ece a decide he
i e ai ed i cl di g he e i f ci i e hi a d e ide ce f
he challe ged e , he a h i de he i cl i i
e cl i f he li f e ece a il ca ie i h i he e
i iei a d e le all a e e e ial he e e ci e f aid
a h i . H e e , e ce f he igh e ai i he li f e
f bei g e cl ded he ef f he a ic la elec i i ela i
hich he ceedi g had bee held, a deci i i a e cl i
i cl i ceedi g, e e if 13 al a d a ealable, d e
ac i e he a e f res judicata. I hi e e, i d e eae
a a ba a f e ac i ha a a 14 a ake c ce i g he
bjec a ed i he ceedi g. Th , a deci i i a
e cl i ceedi g ld ei he be c cl i e he e
li ical a , ba be e ceedi
15
g hi igh be
egi e ed a a e i a he elec i . 16
Th , i Tan Cohon v. Election Registrar e led ha : I
i ade clea ha e e a i i he e held ha he de f he Ci
C i e i ha bec e al, he a e d e c i e res
adjudicata a a f he a e he ei c ai ed. I i idic l
e ha ch a i a a d i ica e a e f ci i e hi
a be a ed a d de e i ed i h ali i ch
_______________
13 See O a i . Z a, 34 SCRA 425 [1970].

14 Ma . Villace e, et al., 2 SCRA 542, 544 [1961]; Ta C h . Elec i
Regi a , 29 SCRA 244 [1969].
15 Supra e 13, a 427-428.
16 Supra e 14, a 250.
565
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 565

a a a d ee ceedi g a ha f i cl i a d
e cl i f e i he egi li f e . E e if he Ci
C had g a ed a ella e i i f i cl i i he e a e
li f e he allega i ha he i a Fili i ci i e ali ed
e, he alleged Fili i ci i e hi ld ill ha e bee lef
e e i .
M e e , he Me li a T ial C fQ e Ci i i 18
Ja a deci i e ceeded i j i dic i he i decla ed
DOMINO a e ide f he P i ce f Sa a ga i, a ed a d
de ed he a fe f hi e egi a i f P eci c N .
4400-A f Ba a ga Old Bala a, Q e Ci eci c 14A1 f
Ba a ga P blaci , Alabel, Sa a ga i. I i i hi he
c e e ce f he ial c , i a e cl i ceedi g , decla e
he challe ged e a e ide f a he ici ali . The
j i dic i f he l e c e e cl i ca e i li i ed l
de e i i g he igh f e e ai i he li f e
decla e ha he challe ged e i ali ed e i he
eci c i hich he i egi e ed, ecif i g he g d f he
e di ali ca i . The ial c ha e de he
cha ge a fe f egi a i f e lace f e ide ce
a he f i i he f c i f he elec i 17Regi a i B a d a
ided de Sec i 12 f R.A. N . 8189. The l effec f he
deci i f he l e c e cl di g he challe ged e f he
li f e , i f he Elec i Regi a i B a d, ecei f
he al deci i , e-
_______________
17 Sec. 12. Change of Residence to Another Cit or Municipalit . A egi e ed

e h ha a fe ed e ide ce a he ci ici ali a a l ih
he Elec i Of ce f hi e e ide ce f he a fe f hi egi a i ec d .
The a lica i f a fe f egi a i hall be bjec he e i e e f
ice a d hea i g a d he a al f he Elec i Regi a i B a d, i acc da ce
i h hi Ac . U a al f he a lica i f a fe , a d af e ice f ch
a al he Elec i Of ce f he f e e ide ce f he e , aid Elec i
Of ce hall a i b egi e ed ail he e egi a i ec d he Elec i
Of ce f he e e e ide ce.

566

e he e egi a i ec d f he c e di g b k f
e , e e he de f 18e cl i he ei , a d he eaf e lace he
ec d i he i ac i e le.
Fi all , he a lica i f he le res judicata i a aili g.
Ide i f a ie , bjec a e a d ca e f ac i ae
i di e able e i e e f he a lica i f aid d c i e.
Nei he he ei P i a e Re de INTERVENOR, i a a i
he e cl i ceedi g . The Petition for E clusion a led b
DOMINO hi elf a d hi ife, a i g ha he a d hi ife be
e cl ded f he V e Li he g d f e e
egi a i hile he Petition to Den Due Course to or Cancel
Certi cate of Candidac a led b i ae e de agai
DOMINO f alleged fal e e e e a i i hi ce i ca e f
ca didac . F he deci i be a ba i f he di i al b ea
f res judicata, i i e e ial ha he e be be ee he a d
he ec d ac i ide i f 19a ie , ide i f bjec a e a d
ide i f ca e f ac i . I he e e ca e, he af e aid
e e20 ial e i i e a e e e . I he ca e f Nuval v. Gura , et
al., he S e e C i e l i g a i ila i e led ha :
The e i be l ed de he a ig e fe i he he
he j dg e e de ed i he ca e f he e i i f he e cl i f
N be G a a ef he elec i li f L a, i e j dica a, a
e e he i i i a d ec i f a ac i i a a ,
hich i bef e .
The ced e e c ibed b ec i 437 f he Ad i i a i e C de, a
a e ded b Ac N . 3387, i f a a cha ac e a d he j dg e
e de ed he ei i a ealable e ce he he e i i i ied bef e
he j ice f he eace f he ca i al he ci c i j dge, i hich ca e i
a be a ealed he j dge f i a ce, i h h aid l e
j dge ha e c c e j i dic i .
_______________
18 2 d a . f Sec. 142, A . XII f he O ib Elec i C de.

19 See Me di la . C fA eal , 258 SCRA 492 [1996].
20 52 Phil. 645, 647-648 [1928].
567
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 567


The e i i f e cl i a e e ed b G eg i N al i hi d al
ca aci a ali ed e f he ici ali f L a, a d a a d l
egi e ed ca dida e f he f ce f e ide f aid ici ali , agai
N be G a a a egi e ed e i he elec i li f aid ici ali .
The e e ceedi g f quo arranto a i e ed b G eg i N al
i hi ca aci a a egi e ed ca dida e ed f he f ce f ici al
e ide f L a, agai N be G a , a a elec ed ca dida e f he
a e f ce. The ef e, he e i ide i f a ie i he ca e , i ce
i i e gh ha he e be a ide i f e , b he e be a
ide i f ca aci ie i hich aid e li iga e. (A . 1259 f he Ci il
C de; B le . E a e f Al a e , 23 Phil., 561; 34 C J i , . 756,
a . 1165)
I aid ca e f he e i i f he e cl i , he bjec f he li iga i ,
he li igi a e a he e cl i f N be G a a a e f
he elec i li f he ici ali f L a, hile i he e e
a a ceedi g, he bjec f he li iga i , he li igi a e i hi
e cl i e li f he f ce hich he ha bee elec ed. Nei he
d e he e e i , he , a ide i i he bjec f he li iga i , he
li igi a e.
I aid ca e f he e i i f e cl i , he ca e f ac i a ha
N be G a had he i h legal e ide ce i he ici ali
f L a be a ali ed e he e f, hile i he e e ceedi g f
a a , he ca e f ac i i ha N be G a ha he e
ea legal e ide ce e i ed f eligibili he f ce f ici al
e ide f L a. Nei he d e he e e i he ef e, ide i f ca e f
ac i .
I de ha e j dica a a e i he f ll i g a e ece a : (a)
ide i f a ie ; (b) ide i f hi g ; a d (c) ide i f i e (A i
. Di ec f La d , 39 Phil. 850). A d a i he ca e f he e i i f
e cl i a d i he e e a a ceedi g, a he e i ide i
f a ie , f hi g li igi a e, fi e ca e f ac i ,
he e i res judicata.
The Second Issue.
Wa DOMINO a e ide f he P i ce f Sa a ga i f a
lea e ea i edia el ecedi g he 11 Ma 1998 elec i a
a ed i hi ce i ca e f ca didac ?
We h ld i he ega i e.
56


I i d c i all e led ha he e e ide ce, a ed i he

la e c ibi g he ali ca i f ff age a d f elec i e f ce,
ea he a e hi g a d icile, hich i l a
i e i e ide i a ed lace b al e al e e ce i ha21
lace, c led i h c d c i dica i e f ch i e i .
D icile de e a ed e a e e ide ce hich, he e e
ab e 22f b i e , lea e, e he ea , ei e d
e . D icile i a e i f i e i a d ci c a ce . I
he c ide a i f ci c a ce , h ee le be b e i
i d, a el : (1) ha a a ha e a e ide ce d icile
e he e; (2) he ce e abli hed i e ai il a e ei
ac i23ed; a d (3) a a ca ha e b e e ide ce d icile a a
i e.
Rec d24 h ha e i i e d icile f igi a Ca d ,
Il c S a d ha e i e i 1991, he ac i ed a e d icile
f ch ice a 24 B ifaci S . A ala Heigh , Old Bala a, Q e
Ci , a h b hi ce i ca e f ca didac f he ii f
e e e a i e f he 3 d Di ic f Q e Ci i he Ma 1995
elec i . Pe i i e i clai i g ha he had effec i el
aba d ed hi e ide ce i Q e Ci a d ha e abli hed a e
d icile f ch ice a he P i ce f Sa a ga i.
A e d icile ce e abli hed i c ide ed c 25i e
a d ill be dee ed l il a e e i e abli hed. T
cce f ll effec a cha ge f d icile e de ae a
ac al e al a ac al cha ge f d icile; a bona de i e i
f aba d i g he f e lace f e ide ce a d e abli hi g a e
e a d de i e ac hich
_______________
21 R alde . RTC, B . 7, Tacl ba Ci , 226 SCRA 408, 415 [1993], citing

N al . G a , supra e 17.
22 Id., citing O g H a Ti . Re blic, 19 SCRA 966 [1967].
23 Alca a a . Sec e a f I e i , 61 Phil. 459, 465 [1935].
24 A e 2, supra e 3, a 305.
25 C . Elec al T ib al f he H e f Re e e a i e , 199 SCRA 692, 711
[1991].
56
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 569

26
c e d i h he e. I he d , he e ba icall
be animus manendi c led i h animus non revertendi. The
e e ai i a he d icile f ch ice be f a
i de i e e i d f i e; he cha ge f e ide ce be l a ;

a d he27 e ide ce a he lace ch e f he e d icile be

ac al.
I i he c e i f e i i e ha hi ac al h ical e e ce
i Alabel, Sa a ga i i ce Dece be 1996 a f cie l
e abli hed b he lea e f a h e a d l l ca ed he ei i Ja a
1997 a d b he af da i a d ce i ca i de a h f he
e ide f ha lace ha he ha e ee e i i e a d hi fa il
e idi g i hei l cali .
While hi a be , ac al a d h ical i i i elf f cie
h ha f aid da e he had a fe ed hi e ide ce i ha
lace. T e abli h a e d icile f ch ice, e al e e ce i
he lace be c led i h c d c i dica i e f ha i e i .
While e ide ce i l e i e b dil e e ce i a gi e lace,
d icile e i e l ch b dil e e ce i ha lace b
al a decla ed a d bable i e 28 ake i e ed a d
e a e lace f ab de, e h e.
A a ge e al le, he i ci al ele e f d icile, h ical
e e ce i he l cali i l ed a d i e i ad i a a
d icile, c c i de e abli h a e d icile. N
cha ge f d icile ill e l if ei he f he e ele e i ab e .
I e i ac i e a d icile i h ac al e ide ce i he
l cali d e e l i ac i i i 29f d icile, d e he fac
f h ical e e ce i h i e i .
_______________
26 A i . COMELEC, 248 SCRA 400, 423, [1995], citing 18 A J , 211-220.

27 Supra e 18, a 415, citing 17 A . J ., ec. 16, . 599601; R alde .
RTC, B . 7, Tacl ba Ci , 226 SCRA 408, 415 [1993].
28 Velilla . P ada , 62 Phil. 624, 631-632 [1935].
29 25 A J 2d, D icil, 14.
570

The lea e c ac e e ed i e i e i Ja a 1997, d e

ade a el a cha ge f d icile. The lea e c ac a
be i dica i e f DOMINO i e i e ide i Sa a ga i b i
d e e ge de he ki d f e a e c e i ed e
aba d e f e igi al d icile. The e e ab e ce f
i di id al f hi e a e e ide ce, a e h l g,
ih he i30 e i aba d i d e e l i l cha ge
f d icile. Th he da e f he c ac f lea e f a h e a d
l l ca ed i he i ce f Sa a ga i, i.e., 15 Ja a 1997,

ca be ed, i he ab e ce f he ci c a ce , a he
eck i g e i d f he e- ea e ide ce e i e e .
F he , D lack f i e i aba d hi e ide ce i
Q e Ci i f he e g he ed b hi ac f egi e i g a e
i e f he eci c i Q e Ci . While i g i
c cl i e f e ide ce, i d e gi e i e a g e i f
e ide ce e eciall i hi ca e he e DOMINO egi e ed i hi
f e ba a ga . E e ci i g he igh f elec i f a chi e i a
delibe a e blic a e i f he fac f e ide ce, a d i aid
ha e decided e de a ce i a d b f l ca e 31 he lace he
elec clai a, belie e be, hi e ide ce. The fac ha a
a c i l ed i a a ic la l cali 32i a g fac i
a i i g de e i e he a f hi d icile.
Hi clai ha hi egi a i i Q e Ci a e e a d
a ca ed b e e e hich he had c l ca be
ai ed. The ge e al egi a i f e f e f he Ma
1998 elec i a ched led 33
f (2) c ec i e eeke d ,
vi .: J e 14, 15, 21, a d 22.
While, D i e i e abli h e ide ce i Sa a ga i
ca be glea ed f he fac ha be b gh he h e he a e i g
N e be 4, 1997, ha he gh ca cella i f hi e i
egi a i i Q e Ci 22 Oc be
_______________
30 Supra e 24, a 715.

31 E Parte Weissinger, 247 Ala 113, 22 S 2d 510.
32 Re Me e E a e, 137 Neb 60, 288 NW 35.
33 Sec i 7, R.A. N . 8189.
571
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 571

1997,34 a d ha he a lied f a fe f egi a i f Q e

Ci Sa a ga i b ea f cha ge f e ide ce 30 A g
1997, DOMINO ill fall h
35 f he e ea e ide c
e ie e de he C i i .I h i gc lia ce i h he
e ide c e i e e , b h i e a d ac al e e ce i he di ic
ei e d e ee a i f he le g h f i e e c ibed b
he f da e al la . D 36 fail e d e de ed hi
i eligible a d hi elec i f ce ll a d id.37
The Third Issue.
DOMINO c e i ha he COMELEC ha j i dic i

i he e e e i i i be ef f e i . A e i l e i ed,
he COMELEC, de Sec. 78,

A . IX f he O ib Elec i C de, ha j i dic i e a
eii de d e c e ca cel ce i ca e f ca didac .
S ch j i dic i c i e e e af e elec i , if f a ea
al j dg e f di ali ca i i e de ed bef e he elec i , a d
he ca dida e faci g di38 ali ca i i ed f a d ecei e he
highe be f e a d ided
_______________
34 A e E-2, supra e 3, a 100-101.

35 A e E-4, R ll , 105.
36 R alde -Ma c . COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300 [1995].
37 Gae la . Ca big, 17 SCRA 376 [1966]; Sa che . Del R a i , 1 SCRA
1102 [1961].
38 SEC. 6. Effect of Disquali cation Case. A ca dida e h ha bee decla ed
b al j dg e be di ali ed hall be ed f , a d he e ca f hi
hall be c ed. If f a ea a ca dida e i decla ed b al j dg e
bef e a elec i be di ali ed a d he i ed f a d ecei e he i i g
be f e i ch elec i , he C C i i hall c i e i h he
ial a d hea i g f he ac i , i i e a d, i f he c lai a
a i e e , a d i g he e de c he e f de he e i f he
cla a i f ch ca dida e he e e he e ide ce f hi g il i g.
SEC. 7. Petition to Den Due Course or to Cancel a Certi cate of Candidac .
The ced e he ei ab e ided hall a l
572

f he ha he i i g39 ca dida e ha bee clai ed ha

ake hi a h f f ce.
I ha bee e ea edl held i a be f ca e , ha he H e
f Re e e a i e Elec al T ib al le a d e cl i e
j i dic i e all c e ela i g he elec i , e a d
ali ca i f e be f C g e a ided de Sec i 17
f A icle VI f he C i i begi l af e 40 a ca dida e ha
bec e a e be f he H e f Re e e a i e .
The fac f b ai i g he highe be f e i a elec i 41
d e a a icall e he i i i he i i g ca dida e.
A ca dida e be clai ed a d ha e ake hi a h f
f ce bef e he ca be c ide ed a e be f he H e f
Re e e a i e .
I he i a ca e, DOMINO a clai ed a
C ge a -elec f he L e C g e i al Di ic f he
P i ce f Sa a ga i b ea f a S le e al O ib
Re l i i ed b he COMELEC he da f he elec i
de i g he e i f DOMINO cla a i h ld he
b ai he i i g be f e . Thi e l i a i ed b
he COMELEC i ie f he - ali f i 6 Ma 1998
e l i di alif i g DOMINO a ca dida e f he ii .
C ide i g ha DOMINO ha bee clai ed a
C ge a -elec i he L e C g e i al Di ic f he
P i ce f Sa a ga i he ca be dee ed a e be f he H e
f Re e e a i e . He ce, i i he COMELEC a d he
Elec al T ib al hich 42ha j i dic i e he i e f hi
i eligibili a a ca dida e.
_______________
eii de d e c e ca cel a ce i ca e f ca didac a ided i

Sec i 78 f Ba a Pa ba a Blg. 881.
39 La a i . COMELEC, 157 SCRA 337 [1998]; U al . COMELEC, 181
SCRA 335 [1990].
40 A i . COMELEC, et al., 248 SCRA 400 [1995].
41 Id., a 417; supra e 33, a 340-341.
42 Fe a de . COMELEC, et al., G.R. N . 135354, Oc be 20, 1998.
573
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 573

Issue raised b INTERVENOR.
Af e di g ha DOMINO i di ali ed a ca dida e f he

ii f e e e a i e f he i ce f Sa a ga i, a
INTERVENOR, a he ca dida e h ecei ed he e highe
be f e , be clai ed a he i i g ca dida e?
I i e led d c i e ha he ca dida e h b ai he
ec d highe be f e a be43
clai ed i e i
ca e he i i g ca dida e i di ali ed. I e e elec i , he
e le ch ice i he a a c ide a i a d hei e e ed
ill , a all i e , be gi e effec . Whe he aj i eak
a d elec i f ce a ca dida e b gi i g he highe be f
e ca i he elec 44
i f ha f ce, e ca be decla ed
elec ed i hi lace.
I ld be e e el e g a he ba ic c ce f he
c i i all g a a eed igh ff age if a ca dida e h ha
ac i ed he aj i l ali f e i clai ed a
i e a d i ed a he e e e a i e f a c i e c , he
aj i f hich ha e 45 i i el decla ed h gh hei ball ha
he d ch e hi . T i li icall a e ha he ec d
lace ld ha e ecei ed he he e ld be b i e
j dg e f he i d f he e . He c ld be c ide ed
he a g ali ed ca dida e beca e i a eld hich
e cl de he ali ed
46
ca dida e, he c di i ld ha e
b a iall cha ged.
S d lic dic a e ha blic elec i e f ce a e lled b
h e h ha e ecei ed he highe be f e ca i he
elec i f ha f ce, a d i i f da e al idea i all e blica
f f g e e ha e ca be decla ed elec ed a d
ea e ca be decla ed ca ied le he i
_______________
43 Lab . COMELEC, 176 SCRA 1 [1989]; Abella . COMELEC, 201 SCRA

253 [1991]; supra e 33.
44 Be i . COMELEC, 235 SCRA, 436, 441 [1994].
45 Ge i . Ra , 136 SCRA 435, 446 [1985].
46 Supra e 37, a 424.
574

ecei e 47a aj i l ali f he legal e ca i he

elec i .
The effec f a deci i decla i g a e i eligible h ld a
f ce i l ha he elec i48 fail e i el , ha he ea h f
ic ca be a fe ed f he di ali ed i e he
e dia ed l e beca e he la he a l a h i e a
decla a i f elec49
i i fa f he e h ha b ai ed a
l ali f e a dd e e i le he ca dida e ecei i g he
e highe be f e be decla ed elec ed. I ch ca e,
he elec 50
ha e failed ake a ch ice a d he elec i i a
lli . T all he defea ed a d e dia ed ca dida e ake e
he elec i e i i de i e hi ejec i b he elec a e i
di e f a chi e he elec a e i h a fa l hei a a d
de i e he i a ce a d ea i g 51f de c ac a d he
e le igh elec f cial f hei ch ice.
INTERVENOR lea ha he e ca i fa f DOMINO
be c ide ed a e ca be ai ed. INTERVENOR
52
elia ce he i i ade i he Labo, Jr. ca e i : if he
elec a e, f ll a a e i fac a d i la f a ca dida e
di ali ca i a b i g ch a a e e i hi he eal f
ie , ld e e hele ca hei e i fa f he
i eligible ca dida e, he elec a e a be aid ha e ai ed he
alidi a d ef cac f hei e b i l i a l i g hei
f a chi e h i g a a hei e,i hich ca e, he eligible

ca dida e b ai i g he e highe be f e a be dee ed

elec ed, i i laced.
_______________
47 Supra e 41, a 446-447, citing 20 C J i 2 d, S 243, . 676.

48 Supra e 41, a 452, citing L i . Ga cia, 103 Phil. 457 [1958].
49 Id., citing Villa . Pa ai , 96 Phil. 664 [1955].
50 Id., citing Lla a . Fe e , 84 Phil. 490 [1949].
51 Supra e 41, a 441-442, citing Badelle . Cabile, 27 SCRA 113, 121 [1969].
52 211 SCRA 297, 312 [1992].
575
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 575

C a he clai f INTERVENOR, e i i e a
i l k b he blic a a i eligible ca dida e.
Al h gh he e l i decla i g hi i eligible a ca dida e a
e de ed bef e he elec i , h e e , he a e i e al a d
e ec . I fac , i a le ha he COMELEC i i
S le e al O ib Re l i N . 3046 ha all ed
DOMINO be ed f he f ce a d de ed ha he e ca
f hi be c ed a he Re l i decla i g hi i eligible ha
e a ai ed ali . Th he e ca f DOMINO a e
e ed ha e bee ca i he i ce e belief ha he a a
ali ed ca dida e, ih a i e i ia l hei
f a chi e. Th53 , aid e ca be ea ed a a , id,
ea i gle .
WHEREFORE, he i a eii i DISMISSED. The
e l i da ed 6 Ma 1998 f he COMELEC 2 d Di i i a d
he deci i da ed 29 Ma 1998 f he COMELEC En Banc, a e
he eb AFFIRMED.
SO ORDERED.
Romero, Bellosillo, Melo, Puno, Vitug, Kapunan, Mendo a,

Buena, Gon aga-Re es a d Ynares-Santiago, JJ., c c .
Panganiban, J., I he e l ; lea e ee e a a e i i .
Quisumbing, J., I he e l , l i fa a Pe i i e D
i adj dged di ali ed.
Purisima a d Pardo, JJ., N a .
SEPARATE OPINION

PANGANIBAN, J.:
Ic c i he e l : he e i i e failed f l ll he e- ea
e ide ce e i e e i de alif a a ca di-
_______________
53 Re e . COMELEC, 254 SCRA 514, 529 [1996].
576

da e f c g e a f he l e di ic f Sa a ga i. Wi h all d e
e ec , I di ag ee h e e i h he aj i ie ha residence a
a ali ca i f ca didac f a elec i e blic f ce i he
a e ea i g a domicile.
Tha a e be f he H e f Re e e a i e be a
e ide f he di ic hich he he eek e ee f a
ei d f 1
le ha e ea i edia el ecedi g he da f
he elec i i a c i i al e i e e ha h ld be
i e e ed i he e e i hich di a la e de a d i .
The c e le h a i ed he C i i a d ee
he eaf e e ec ed abide b i ld all efe he
j al f he C i i al C i i i de de a d he
d a d h a e c ai ed he ei . Ra he , he ld all
efe he c ce bei g ed 2
he he l k f he
ea i g f d 3 he dic i a . I hi e e, Web e
de i i f residence h ld be c lli g.
Whe he C i i eak f e ide ce, he d h ld be
de d, c i e i h Web e , ea actual, ph sical and
personal presence i he di ic ha a ca dida e eek e ee .
I he d , he ca dida e e e ce h ld be b a ial
e gh h b e ac his intention to ful ll the duties of the
position he seeks.
If he f a e f ba ic la i e ded e le de a d
residence a legal d icile, he h ld ha e aid . The
e le ld ha e l ked he ea i g f domicile a d ld
ha e de d he c i i al ii i ha c e .
H e e , he f a e f C i i did
_______________
1 6, A . 6 f he 1987 C i i .
2 See Di e i g O i i i Marcos v. Comelec, 255 SCRA i, Oc be 25, 1995.

3 Web e Ne C llegia e Dic i a , G. & C. Me ia C ., 1979 ed.: he
ac fac f d elli g i a lace f e i e ; he ac fac f li i g
eg la l a i ga i e lace f he di cha ge f a d he e j e fa
be e ; he lace he e e ac all li e a di i g i hed f hi d icile
a lace f e a j .
577
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 577

. I he ef e b i ha residence be de d i i
c dic i a ea i g a de db di a la e .
A a a e, he igi al c ce f domicile, hich a e f
A e ica j i de ce, a i e ded g e li ical igh .
Ra he , i a de ig ed e l e he c ic f la be ee
a g a e he e a decede a ha e li ed f ai ea ,
f he e f de e i i g hich la a a licable
4
a ega d
hi e a e. All e e hi h di i i i :
Thi e i ca e bef e he c a a ea l da , l g
bef e e e ea a d e e i e ea f a ai ,a da a i e
bef e he e e ead e e f e c a he . A ha
i e, e lef f E e f he We e C i e el e he e la gel f
e f ad e e i ea ch f a i f he i f
c e ce. I a a a i e bef e he i e i f he ea b a a d bef e
he e a f he cea ic cable. Me lef hei a i e la d k i g ha he
ld be g e f l g e i d f i e, a d ha ea fc ica i
i h hei h e la d e e i f e e , dif c l , a d l . The adi i f
hei a i e c ee g i h he e e . I he e e f dea h, hile
ab e , he de i ed ha hei e h ld de ce d i acc da ce i h
he la f he la d f hei bi h. Ma ch e e e ad e e h
had he ea di e e e all e he la d f hei a i i .
The e a a la ge deg ee f e i e c ec ed i h he
a ce e f he le f la i he a e f he e a e f ch e .
The e ea , hich e e, a e e a lea , hi ical a d a i ic,

f d ea l e e i i he deci i f he c he e i f
d icile.
S b e e l , d icile a ed i he c ic ca e
i l i g a a i , di ce a d he ci il a e . T e i
de e i e ali ca i f li ical f ce i e la ge i
_______________
4 In Re Jones Estate, 182 NW 227, 229-230 (1921); 16 ALR 1286.

57

ea i g be d ha a i e ded, e l i g i ai ed a d
c i ei e eai f he C i i .
S eci call , I b i ha a l i g he c ce f domicile i
de e i i g residence a a ali ca i f a elec i e f ce ld
ega e he bjec i e behi d he e ide ce e i e e f e ea
( i h , i he ca e f l cal i i ). Thi e i ed e i d
f e ide ce ecedi g he da f he elec i , I belie e, i ed i
he de i e ha f cial f di ic l cali ie be ac ai ed
l i h he e e a d b d f hei c i e cie b , e
i a , i h he c i e he el e hei eed ,
dif c l ie , e ial f g h a d de el e a d all a e
i al hei c elfa e. S ch e i i e e i d ld eci el
gi e ca dida e he i be fa ilia i h hei de i ed
c i e cie , a d like i e f he elec a e e al a e hei
e f he f ce he eek.
If all ha i e i ed f elec i e f cial i legal d icile, he
he ld alif e e if, f e e al ea i he elec i ,
he ha e e e e f i hei di ic ( i he c , f ha
a e ), i ce i i ible ai ai legal d icile e e ih
ac al e e ce, ided e e ai he animus revertendi he
i e i e .
The C i i i he ba ic la f he la d. I e h i e
he che i hed a i a i a d ideal f he la i a la ge.
I i a d c e e e ed l f ch la l di i i i b he
e i e legal i d f he la d. I a ce ai i g i i ,
la e a e ea ibble e i , de e i legal ice ie ,
a ic la e i a ce . I c e a d d h ld be
i e e ed i he e e de d b he di a e a d e
h lace hei li e he li e i i defe e a d h i hei
h e f a be e life i f l ll e .
The call f i lici i de a di g a d i e e i g
C i i ha bee ade
5
a be f i e . Ab h ee decade
ag , hi C decla ed:
_______________
5 JM Tuason & Co., Inc. v. Land Tenure Administration, 31 SCRA 413, 422-423,
Feb a 18, 1970, e Fe a d , J. (la e CJ).
57
VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 579

I i be a ed ha he d i hich c i i al
ii a e c ched e e he bjec i e gh be a ai ed.
The a e be gi e hei di a ea i g e ce he e ech ical
e a e e l ed i hich ca e he ig i ca ce h a ached
he e ail . A he C i i i i a il a la e
d c e , i bei g e e ial f he le f la b ai ha i
h ld e e be e e i he e le c ci e , i la g age a
ch a ible h ld be de d i he e e he ha e i
c e. Wha i a acc di g he e f he ii
be c ed c el acce a ce a d ega e he e f he
c al e i , ba ed he la e ha he f a e a d he
e le ea ha he a . Th he e a e ca e he e he eed f
c c i i ed ced a i i .
Ha i g aid hi , I ill belie e ha Pe i i e J a D
failed add ce f cie c i ci g e ide ce e hi ac al,
h ical a d e al e e ce i he di ic f Sa a ga i f a
lea e ea i he 1998 elec i .
WHEREFORE, I e DISMISS he Pe i i a ba .
Petition dismissed; Questioned resolution and decision af rmed.
N e . I i he fac f e ide ce, a a e e i a ce i ca e

f ca didac , hich gh be deci i e i de e i i g he he
a i di id al ha a i ed he c i i e ide c
ali ca i e i e e . (Romualde Marcos . Commission on
Elections, 248 SCRA 300 [1995])
A ible e ce i he le ha a ec d lace a be
decla ed he i i g ca dida e i edica ed he c c e ce f
a i , a el : (1) he e h b ai ed he highe
be f e i di ali ed, a d (2) he elec a e i f ll a a e
i fac a d i la f a ca dida e di ali ca i a b i g ch
a ae e i hi he eal f ie b ld e hele ca
hei e i fa f he i eligible ca dida e. (Grego .
Commission on Elections, 274 SCRA 481 [1997])
C 2019 Ce a B S , I c. A e e ed.


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Domino vs. Commission On Elections

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15/11/2019 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED VOLUME 310

546 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

JUAN DOMINO, e i i e , . COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS,

Election La ; Residence; Actions; Courts; Judgments; Inclusion and

VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 547

O ib Elec i C de, e a e i i de d e c e ca cel

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 1/33

e cl i ceedi g a he igh f DOMINO be i cl ded

548 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

voter is not quali ed to vote in the precinct in hich he is registered,

e e ai i he li f e decla e ha he challe ged e i

VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 549

ide i f ca e f ac i . I he ee ca e, he af e aid e e ial

550 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 4/33

e abli h a e d icile. N cha ge f d icile ill e l if ei he f he e

VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 551

tion of the fact of residence, and is said to have decided preponderance in a

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 5/33

eii de d e c e ca cel ce i ca e f ca didac . S ch

552 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

ai i g he highe be f e i a elec i d e a a icall

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 6/33

VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 553

Same; The effect of a decision declaring a person ineligible to hold an

PANGANIBAN, J., Separate Opinion:

Election La ; Words and Phrases; Statutor Construction; When the

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 7/33

554 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

Same; Same; Con ict of La s; The original concept of domicile, hich

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 8/33

i h , i he ca e f l cal i i ). Thi e i ed e i d f e ide ce

VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 555

ei d ld eci el gi e ca dida e he i be fa ilia i h

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 9/33

SPECIAL CIVIL ACTION i he S e eC . Ce i a i.

556 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

DAVIDE, JR., C.J.:

Challe ged i hi ca e f certiorari i h a a1 e f

1 A e A f Pe i i , R ll 41-50. Pe De a i , J., Comm., i h G ia i, J.

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 10/33

VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999 557

alleged ha DOMINO, c a hi decla a i i he ce i ca e

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 11/33

SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED 558

F ea efe e ce, ki dl - e he de ig ed f afekee i g,

F hi defe e, DOMINO ai ai ha he had c lied i h he

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 12/33

559 VOL. 310, JULY 19, 1999

Le ee e ec ed Ja a 15, 1997, b c ibed a d

1. Decla i g he egi a i f eii e a e f

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 13/33

4. A e 4 C f he Application for Transfer of

SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED 560

Thi i ce if ha he e JUAN a d ZORAYDA DOMINO a e

.ce al.c . h/ f eade / e i /0000016e6f16f6ea38b8fd83003600fb002c009e/ /? =Fal e 14/33

e al k ledge f e de e ide c i Alabel,